Aim To observe the influences of dexmen-detomidine on the spontaneous contraction of duodenal smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro and explore the mech-anisms.Methods The rabbits ( male or female ) were stunned and the duodenums were isolated .The sam-ples of duodenal segments were connected with tension transducer , which were then put into oxygen saturation Krebs-Henseleit ( K-H) solution .The influences of dex-mendetomidine on amplitude ( AM ) and frequency ( FR ) of duodenal smooth muscle were recorded by BL-420 F biological signal processing system .The cu-mulative dosing method was used to observe the differ-ent concentrations of dexmedetomidine on duodenal smooth muscle spontaneous contraction .Glibenclamide ( Gli) was added to K-H solution before dexmendeto-midine.In the calcium-free K-H solution, calcium chloride and rynodine were added before dexmendeto-midine.The mechanisms of dexmendetomidine were studied .Results ① Dexmendetomidine reduced the amplitude of spontaneous contraction of duodenal smooth muscle in rabbits in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ) , while the frequency was not obviously influenced ( P >0.05 ) .② Gli ( P <0.05 ) partly abolished the inhibitory effects of dexmendetomi-dine on duodenal smooth muscle .③ Dexmendetomi-dine inhibited the contraction of duodenum smooth muscle induced by calcium chloride ( P <0.05 ) and rynodine ( P<0.05 ) application into calcium-free K-H solution.Conclusion Dexmendetomidine inhibits the spontaneous contraction of duodenal smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro.The mechanisms may be related to ac-tivating ATP sensitive potassium channels , inhibition of the extracellular calcium influx via cell membrane and intracellular calcium release via sarcoplasmic reticulum in duodenal smooth muscle .

Natural medicine chemistry is a comprehensive academics which has strong profession and fulfillment.Traditional teaching mode is very difficult to satisfy a teaching demand.The multi-media teaching carries on audio-visual teaching by sketch,animation,voice,video frequency...etc.to promote students to obtain and keep knowledge.It also plays an important role in organizing and managing teaching information,setting up ideal study environment,raising students’study interest.This text mainly focuses on how the multi-media teaching guide the student studying natural medicine chemistry.

OBJECTIVESTo analyze the mood factors in prostatitis and evaluate the effects of Molida psychological therapy.

METHODSTwo hundred and thirty-six chronic prostatitis patients were divided according to the course of disease into above 6 months group (n = 31) and below 6 months group(n = 205) as well as into sexual disease group(n = 25) and non-sexual disease group(n = 211). An investigation was made by self-rating method on the basis of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index(NIH-CPSI) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and 56 cases were rated again after Molida therapy.

RESULTS1. The scores of SCL-90 in 236 prostatitis patients were significantly higher than normal(P < 0.01). The factor scores of SCL-90 showed one-item positive in 107 patients (45.2%), of whom 27 (25.2%) had depressive disorder and 80(74.77%) had anxiety (23 with significant compulsion). Thirty-eight cases(16.1%) were two items positive. 2. The scores of SCL-90 were significantly higher in the > 6 months group of history and the sexual disease group than in the control group (P < 0.01). 3. The scores of NIH-CPSI showed a positive correlation with those of SCL-90 and both scores in 43/56 cases were significantly decreased after psychological treatment (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe mood factor plays an important role in aggravating symptoms in chronic prostatis patients and causes difficulty for management. Molida may significantly improve the mood and symptoms of the chronic prostatitis patient.

Adult ; Affect ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; psychology ; therapy ; Psychotherapy

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the expression and significance of HIF1 alpha in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and in hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2.

METHODSThe expression of the HIF1 alpha mRNA and protein were detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot and RT-PCR techniques in HCC, normal liver tissues and HepG2. Their relationship with the pathological characteristics of the HCC was also analyzed.

RESULTSHIF1 alpha protein was obviously expressed in HCC. The positive rate of HIF1 alpha protein in HCC tissues was 76.4% and was higher than that in normal hepatic tissues. The expression of HIF1 alpha had a correlation to the differentiation degree of HCC tissues and intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases (P<0.05), but there was no correlation to the existence of portal vein tumor emboli, the status of HBsAg and the prognosis (P<0.05). The results of Western blot and RT-PCR were similar to the results of IHC. The positive rate of HIF1 alpha in HepG2 was 93.6%. The levels of HIF1 alpha protein and mRNA began to increase after being treated two hours with hypoxia or with CoCl(2) (150 micromol/L).

CONCLUSIONSHIF1 alpha protein is obviously expressed in HCC and it is mainly affected by hypoxia. The expression of HIF1 alpha is related to the differentiation of the HCC and its intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases but has no correlation to the existence of portal vein tumor emboli, the status of HBsAg and the prognosis.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of long-term exposure to carbon disulfide (SC(2)) on cardiovascular system of workers.

METHODSThe concentrations of CS(2) were detected in the representative workshops with different exposure levels. The indicators related to cardiovascular system were tested in 633 workers occupationally exposed to CS(2), which included blood pressure, electrocardiogram, blood routine (blood RT), cholesterol (TCHO), triglyceride (TG) and so on. The data were analyzed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe exposure concentration of CS(2) for 389 workers was less than or equal to 5 mg/m(3), which for other 244 workers was higher than 5 mg/m(3). The maximum exposure concentration of CS(2) was 15.73 mg/m(3). There were no significant effects of CS(2) on the electrocardiogram, red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelet, TCHO and TG of workers. However, the positive effects of CS(2) on blood pressure and negative effects of CS(2) on hemoglobin were found. The rates of high TCHO, TG and hypertension in male workers were significantly higher than those in female workers (P < 0.05). The rates of high TCHO, hypertension and sinus arrhythmia in older workers (≤ 30 years old) were significantly higher than those in young workers (> 30 years old) (P < 0.05). The rate of sinus arrhythmia in workers with 1 - 10 working years was significantly higher than that in workers with more than 10 working years (P < 0.05). The rate of hypertension in workers with 1 - 10 working years was significantly lower than that in workers with more than 10 working years (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere were no significant effects of CS(2) exposure on the indexes of cardiovascular system of workers.

Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Carbon Disulfide ; adverse effects ; Cardiovascular System ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Erythrocyte Count ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the role of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in carotid endarterectomy and the effect of carotid endarterectomy on extracranial carotid artery stenosis.Methods From January 2002 to December 2008, fifty eight patients (40 males and 18 females)with mean age of 64.5 years were treated in our hospital. Of these patients, forty had symptoms of cerebral ischemia, eighteen were asymptomatic. All the patients had 70% and up carotid artery stenosis. Forty one patients underwent simple suture closure of the arterial incision while nine patients had angioplasty with arterial patch (polyester) and eight with autologous great saphenous vein. TCD monitoring was used in the surgery of 32 patients excluding two patients using arterial shunt. Results Surgery was successful in all 58 cases except for deflected tongue-protrusion in five patients after operation, of which three recovered conservatively and two recovered after administration of cortical steroids for two weeks. Cerebral ischemic symptoms improved to a certain degree in all the 40 preoperative symptomatic patients. Cerebral hyperperfusion occurred in five of no TCD-monitoring patients ( 19.2% ), no hyperperfusion was found in TCD-monitored patients. Fifty three patients were followed up for a mean time of 42.5 months. Five patients died and three patients had carotid artery restenosis, of which two underwent PTA and stenting, one is still under surveillance.Conclusions Carotid endarterectomy is a safe and effective procedure for treating extracranial carotid artery stenosis. TCD monitoring is valuable for determining the use of arterial shunt and preventing postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion.

BACKGROUNDGinsenoside Rg3, the main component isolated from ginseng, inhibits some kinds of tumour growth and angiogenesis. The combination of low dose chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis inhibitors suppresses growth of experimental tumours more effectively than conventional therapy. The effect of this combination on ovarian cancer remains to be evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the synergism of ginsenoside Rg3 and cyclophosphamide (CTX) on growth and angiogenesis of human ovarian cancer.

METHODSTwenty-eight female athymic mice were divided randomly into 4 groups of 7: ginsenoside Rg3, CTX, ginsenoside Rg3 and CTX combination and control, after being transplanted with ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3). The mice were given intraperitoneal injection of ginsenoside Rg3 and CTX for the 10 days following inoculation of SKOV-3 cells. The life quality and number of living days of mice were recorded. The size of tumour, tumour inhibitive rate, life elongation rate, proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling index (PCNALI), expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) of the tumour tissues were estimated.

RESULTSLife quality of mice in ginsenoside Rg3 and combined treatment groups were better and number of living days longer than control. Average tumour weights of each treated group were less than control and there was no significant difference among the treated groups. PCNALI of treated groups was lower than control. The MVD value and VEGF expression in treated groups were significantly lower than control and the MVD values of ginsenoside Rg3 and combined treatment groups were lower than that of CTX group.

CONCLUSIONSGinsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited growth and angiogenesis of ovarian cancer when used alone or combined with CTX. Ginsenoside Rg3 and CTX combination reinforced the antitumour effect each other and improved the living quality and survival time of mice with tumour.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; blood supply ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the alterations of DPC4/SMAD4/MADH4 gene in paraffin-embedded tissues of pancreatic carcinomas.

METHODSForty-six cases of resected specimens containing carcinomatous tissue and normal pancreatic tissue were analysed for possible DPC4 gene mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The DNA sequencing technique was applied to determine the patterns of gene mutation in the PCR-SSCP positive cases. Fifty-six cases of pancreatic carcinoma along with the specimens corresponding normal pancreatic tissues were studied by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) techniques for gene expression in mRNA and protein level.

RESULTSThe homozygous deletion rate of exon 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 11 of DPC4 gene in pancreatic carcinoma was 28.26%, while the mutation rate of DPC4 gene was 21.74%. In these tumors, there were 3 cases of nonsense mutation, 5 cases of missense mutation, 1 case of deletion and missense mutation, 1 case of insertion mutation. Positive rates of SMAD4 in carcinomatous tissues detected by the ISH and IHC were 53.57% and 58.93% respectively, whereas they were 91.07% and 89.29% in the matched normal tissue respectively. There were significant difference between cancer and normal tissue (P < 0.05). Thrity-two cases were positive of DPC4/SMAD4 with all methods mentioned above, the coincident rate was 87.50% (28/32). The coincidence between gene detection and ISH of SMAD4 was 87.50%, and it was 96.88% between gene detection and IHC of SMAD4. Of all 56 cases, the coincidence of the positive rates of SMAD4 detected by ISH and IHC was 91.07%. No significant difference among the positive rates of DPC4/SMAD4 as detected by the three different techniques (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe main mechanisms of inactivation of DPC4 gene in pancreatic carcinoma are homozygous deletion and mutation. The product of DPC4 expression is significantly decreased in cancer group compared with the normal tissues. As a tumor suppressor gene, DPC4 alteration is an important molecular event in pancreatic carcinoma, and probably plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression.

Adult ; Aged ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Paraffin Embedding ; Proto-Oncogenes ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Smad4 Protein ; Trans-Activators ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the present situation of midwifery and the appropriate technical application of midwifery in Henan Province.Methods Using convenience sampling method,questionnaire survey was conducted among 32 tertiary hospitals,47 secondary hospitals and 11 primary hospitals via the platform of midwifery section of Henan Province nursing association.Results For hospitals of different levels in Henan Province,the training rate of midwives was (19.55±20.28)％,80.2％ of the hospitals mentioned there was a need to increase midwives,the rates of natural delivery and perineal side cutting were (50.84±12.16)％ and (40.14±21.15)％,and there were significant differences in the rates of natural delivery and perineal side cutting among hospitals of different levels(P＜0.05).The proportion of application of appropriate techniques of midwifery was as follows:Doula delivery was 49.4％,labor in liberal position was 35.8％,epidural anesthesia was 56.8％,water birth was 4.9％,Lamaze breathing was 60.5％,and music therapy was 24.7％;the main reason for no Doula delivery was the shortage of midwives (75.6％),and the reasons for no labor in liberal position were the midwife had not been trained(57.7％) and there was safety hazard (57.7％).Conclusion The rate of standardized training for midwives was low,and there was a need of increasing midwives in hospitals of all levels in Henan Province.The appropriate technologies of midwifery need to be popularized,and the hospital should strengthen the training of related knowledge and skills for midwives in order to improve work ability,pronote natural delivery,and enhance application of appropriate techniques of midwifery.

Objective: To investigate the preschool children’s movement coordination ability in Shanghai and to provide the evidence for formulating a scientific sports strategy Methods: During May to June of 2018, 9 833 preschool children aged 3-6 years were selected from 174 kindergartens of 4 districts (Jing’an, Pudong, Songjiang and Minhang) in Shanghai. Motor coordination ability was assessed by using Little Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire. Results: n this study, the total scores of movement coordination ability, motor control, fine motor/writing and general coordination were 67.96±8.44,23.01±2.92,22.85±2.97 and 22.10±3.12，respectively,which gradually increased with age(P<0.01), and girls sorced higher than boys(each P<0.01). The incidence of developmental coordination disorder was 4.4% and the rate of suspected developmental coordination disorder was 7.9%. The incidences of developmental coordination disorder in students in the age group between 3 and 6 were 7.0%，4.7%，3.5% and 2.7% , which gradually decreased with age(χ2=92.04, P<0.01). The incidence rates of boys and girls were 5.3% and 3.4%, respectively，boys had a higher incidence of developmental coordination disorders than that of girls(χ2=31.70, P<0.01). Conclusion Preschool children in Shanghai have fine movement coordination ability which varies by age and sex.