Cough is a common respiratory symptom in children.To evaluate severity of cough and the quality-of-life in children with chronic cough,cough scores,generic questionnaires and cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires have been developed.Different questionnaires have their own particular features,recently the validity and reliability of the cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires are supposed to be high in assessing quality of life,and have been proved to be quite valid and reliable tools.Studies have shown that chronic cough not only affects physical status in children,but also seriously affects their psychological health,social activities and family life negatively.Therefore,evaluating severity of cough and impacting on quality of life contributes to the clinical development of appropriate interventions.

Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for pancreatitis has been used since the 1960s.According to the clinical manifestations and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation of pancreatitis,pancreatitis was named true heart pain with cold limbs caused by spleen disease.Syndrome differentiation of acute pancreatitis and treatment with modified Dachaihu decoction achieved good clinical effects.After the 1990s,the research focus of pancreatitis research was shifted to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).The clinical course of SAP was divided into three phases,and different therapeutic regimens were given.Clinical studies achieved good therapeutic effects in terms of cure rate and fatality rate.After 2000,integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for chronic pancreatitis has been promoted systemically,and the cooperation between traditional Chinese medicine,endoscopic techniques,and operative treatment helps to significantly improve pain control,nutritional status,and incidence of complications.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.Methods The clinical data of 2 children with IgA nephropathy were retrospectively analyzed.The pertinent literatures were reviewed.Results In 2 males aged 6 and 7 years,the clinical features were a large amount of proteinuria (mainly albumin),low serum albumin,high cholesterol,and persistent microscopic hematuria,which were in line with the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.The effects of hormone and immunosuppressive therapy were poor.Renal pathology immunofluorescence and light microscopy findings were in accord with mild to moderate mesangial proliferative IgA nephropathy (M1E0S0T0).Electron microscope showed glomerular basement membrane lesions (layering,breakage,and uneven thickness),which could not exclude Alport syndrome.Further gene detection confirmed a pathogenic mutation of COL4A5.Conclusions It is rare that IgA nephropathy is combined IgA nephropathy at the same time.Attention should by paid to those who had a poor effect of treatment or had a related family history in IgA patients because it is possible that IgA nephropathy and IgA nephropathy may occurred at the same time.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic approach on hepatolenticular degeneration combined with thin basement membrane nephropathy.Methods A girl presented with microscopic hematuria, liver dysfunction and hypocomplementemia was diagnosed with hepatolenticular degeneration combined with thin basement membrane nephropathy, her clinical data were summarized and analyzed retrospectively.Results A ten years old girl presented with microscopic hematuria and liver dysfunction for a year, dysarthria for a month, and combined with hypocomplementemia but without proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed thin basement membrane nephropathy. Ceruloplasmin was 23.10 mg/L and urinary copper concentration was 120μg, respectively, ocular slit lamp examination showed Kayser-Fleischer ring, cranial MRI showed preternatural signal in both basal and putamen nucleus, mutation analysis showed homozygous mutations in ATP7B and heterozygous mutation in COL4A3 gene,respectively.Conclussion Hepatolenticular degeneration should be suspected in those cases with persistence microscopic hematuria, liver dysfunction and hypocomplementemia.

Objective To compare the effect of calcium sulfate pellets made by different methods in repair of segmental radial defect of rabbits. Methods Eighty white New Zealand rabbits were sub-jected to defects of middle part of the left radial bone and divided into four groups according to repair ma-terials: control group (Group A, implanted with no artificial bone substitute), uncoated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group B), coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group C) and coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets combined with rhBMP-2 (Group D). Histologic examination and biological test were done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. The data were processed with mono-factor variance analysis. Re-sults New bone formation was found on the defected bone in Group D and Group C, with better in Group D. The bone strength test showed that the anti-bending strength was (39.6±1.7) % in Group C and (47.5±2.1) % in Group D, which were higher than (21.3±2.7) % in Group A and (23.6±3.3) % in Group B, with higher anti-bending strength in Group D than that in Group C (F = 125.3 ,P <0.01). Conclusions For restoration of segmental bone defects, chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet shows relatively high density and slightly slow resorption, which closely coincides with the growth rate of new bone. The coated pellet combined with rhBMP-2 can enhance its osteogeneais in restoring segmental Done defects.

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary endocrine hypertension,which is characterized by hypertension,hypokelamia,myathenia,elevated serum aldosterone concentration and suppressed plasma renin activity.Besides,accumulating research evidences showed that parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was elevated in patients with primary aldosteronism,accompanied by secondary hyperparathyroidism.This review systemically introduces the interaction between aldosterone and PTH in PA patients.

Electrical potential difference (PD) was measured across the wall of reverted small intestinal saes of mice. The effect of glycyrrhizic acid on transmural potential related to Na+ and glucose transport were investigated. It was found that both zhigancao (100g/L ) and glycyrrhizic acid (2. 5mmol/L ) decreased the PD (P＜0.01).According to the theory of active transport of glucose, we inferred that zhigancao and glycyrrhizic acid possibly produce an inhibitiory effect on Na+. K+-ATP ase,resulted in a blocking effect on sodium channel.

Purpose:To eveluate the effect of liver function after TIPSS.Materials and methds:Ananalysis of 17 cases with laboratory data to study the liver function changes after TIPSS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts).Results:There were 35 percent of cases whose liver function were worse than before,the others showed no change or better after TIPSS. Couclusion:It was important to choose the cases strictly before TIPSS so as to reduce the compli- cation and improve the survival rates.Although some cases liver function went worse after TIPSS but only temporarily.TIPSS can reduce bleeding retes effectively,thus simultaneously seve the lives.It is worthy to extend this procedue.

Objective\ To determine the distribution of the sympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the uterus of uterine tube in hens. Methods\ CB\|HRP was injected into the wall of the uterus(shell gland)of hens. Results\ The hens uterus was innervated by the bilaterally sympathetic postganglionic neurons from T\-1 to LS\-\{13\} segments of the sympathetic trunk,splanchnic and adrenal ganglia.CB\|HRP labeled neurons in the left side were prominant.In the sympathetic trunk,a good lot of labeled neurons were accummulated in the segments both T\-5\|LS\-2 and LS\-8\|LS\-\{12\}. The greatest concentration of the neurons was in T\-7 and LS\-\{10\}. Conclusion\ The hen's uterus was innervated by the bilaterally sympathetic ganglionic neurons although it was the unilateral organ.\;