Cough is a common respiratory symptom in children.To evaluate severity of cough and the quality-of-life in children with chronic cough,cough scores,generic questionnaires and cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires have been developed.Different questionnaires have their own particular features,recently the validity and reliability of the cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires are supposed to be high in assessing quality of life,and have been proved to be quite valid and reliable tools.Studies have shown that chronic cough not only affects physical status in children,but also seriously affects their psychological health,social activities and family life negatively.Therefore,evaluating severity of cough and impacting on quality of life contributes to the clinical development of appropriate interventions.

Objective To compare the effect of calcium sulfate pellets made by different methods in repair of segmental radial defect of rabbits. Methods Eighty white New Zealand rabbits were sub-jected to defects of middle part of the left radial bone and divided into four groups according to repair ma-terials: control group (Group A, implanted with no artificial bone substitute), uncoated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group B), coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group C) and coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets combined with rhBMP-2 (Group D). Histologic examination and biological test were done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. The data were processed with mono-factor variance analysis. Re-sults New bone formation was found on the defected bone in Group D and Group C, with better in Group D. The bone strength test showed that the anti-bending strength was (39.6±1.7) % in Group C and (47.5±2.1) % in Group D, which were higher than (21.3±2.7) % in Group A and (23.6±3.3) % in Group B, with higher anti-bending strength in Group D than that in Group C (F = 125.3 ,P <0.01). Conclusions For restoration of segmental bone defects, chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet shows relatively high density and slightly slow resorption, which closely coincides with the growth rate of new bone. The coated pellet combined with rhBMP-2 can enhance its osteogeneais in restoring segmental Done defects.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of different forms of triamcinolone acetonide( TA) in the treatment of buccal erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP). Methods:120 EOLP patients were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=30) and treated with Kangfuxin mouth-wash followed by topical ointment of( TA) , TA injection, TA mouth-wash and only Kangfuxin mouth-wash only, respectively. Before treatment, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, the pain (VAS score) and erosion area were measured, the effects were compared among groups. Results:The VAS scores of A, B and C groups were significantly lower than those of the control group after 1, 2 and 4 week treatment, and the total effective rate was significantly higher than that of the control group, respectively(P<0. 05). The VAS score was lower and total effective rate was higher in group A and group B than those in group C(P<0. 05), but there was no statistically sig-nificant difference between group A and B(P>0. 05). The average erosion area of group A and B was significantly smaller than that of the control group after 1, 2 and 4 week treatment(P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between group C and the control group after 1 and 2 week treatment(P>0. 05), but 4 weeks after treatment, the average area of erosion of group C was significantly smaller than that of the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Triamcinolone acetonide is effective in the treatment of OLP and the oral oint-ment form is safe and convenient for OLP treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical features of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome caused by NPHS2 gene mutation. Methods The clinical data of two pediatric patients with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. The pertinent literatures were reviewed. Results Both patients were male with onset age at 2 and 3 years old. The clinical features were heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia, which met the diagnostic criteria of nephrotic syndrome. Renal pathology found one patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and other with minimal-change. Both of them suffered from recurrent inguinal hernioplasty and one was accompanied with hypoplasia of left testis. Gene detection verified a NPHS2 gene mutation. Both of them were hormone resistant at the beginning of onset and later hormone combined with different kinds of immunosuppressive therapy was still ineffective. Both of them entered the end-stage of renal disease 3 years after onset. Conclusions For male pediatric patients with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, combined with non-renal manifestations such as multiple hernia or testicular abnormalities, the possibility of the hereditary nephrotic syndrome caused by NPHS2 mutations should be considered.

Sleep is a vital phenomenon of life,the disturbance of which could be associated with a wide range of diseases,such as depression,anxiety,memory loss and hypertension. After years of efforts,pharmacological research of sleep in China has been in line with the pace of international sleep study,especially in the mechanisms of sleep. Our research is beginning to involved in several hot spots of study,such as the relationship between sleep disorders and their comorbidities(PTSD, depression,hypertension,diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases). Attention has also been paid to the research and discovery of novel hypnotic drugs. Despite the gap in sleep research between China and other developed countries,sleep study in China will definitely step into a gold period as well as solve sleep problems for more patients as soon as possible with the joint efforts of researchers and with the increasing attention to healthy sleep.

Objective:To screen clinical pharmacists’ intervention points in the medical order safety management according to the classification of irrational medical order, ranking of risk and causes analysis in order to provide ideas and reference for clinical pharma-cists. Methods:The prior interventions and post reviews were conducted on medical orders in an intensive care unit of the hospital from July to December in 2014. Results:A total of 224 medical records and 6583 medical orders were intervened, reviewed and audi-ted. Among the medical orders, 653 cases were irrational with a ratio up to 9. 92%. The 653 irrational medical orders were mainly classified with incompatibility, inappropriate dosage and irrelevant combinations, and mainly D level errors according to the risk rating. Most of the irrational medical orders were due to the lack of professional knowledge. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists should partici-pate in medical order safety management including interfering drug compatibility, dosage and combination therapy, which can reduce or even avoid the error occurrence in medical orders and promote safe and reasonable medication through reasonable medication training and prior interventions.

Objective To study the relationship between exon gene polymorphism of pulmonary surfactant pro-tein B(SP -B)and the susceptibility and severity,prognosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).Methods To detect the gene sequence of SP -B exon by adopting the gene sequencing technology,and samples were 80 prematures of very low birth weight in Southern Han Chinese,who were divided into 2 groups,the RDS and the non RDS,and the difference of genotype in SP -B exon in 2 groups was compared.Results There was no significant difference between 2 pretem groups in the aspects of the gestational age,sex,birth weight and delivery mode etc(all P >0.05).Fifty -nine prematures of very low birth weight had exons heterogenesis,and there were 2 types of mutations,V1 :Exon2:c.[5A >C]+[5A >C]or c.[5A >C]+[=];V2:Exon5:c.[428C >T]+[428C >T]or c.[428C >T]+[=].There were 20 cases of type V1 ,1 8 cases of type V2,3 cases of type V1 +V2 in 45 cases of RDS,and there were 1 2 cases of type V1 ,9 cases of type V2,no case of type V1 +V2 in the non RDS group.Comparing the incidence of V1 and V2 in 2 groups,there were all significant differences(χ2 =3.73,5.02;all P <0.05),and the OR values of 2 polymorphisms to RDS were 3.33 and 4.00,but there was no significant difference in mutation cases and non mutation cases in RDS group when comparing severity and prognostic(χ2 =0.07,P >0.05).Conclusion Gene polymorphism of SP -B exon are risk factors for premature of very low birth weight in southern Han Chinese in RDS.

BACKGROUND:Some Chinese herbal ingredients produce the analogical and pharmacological effects equivalent to growth factors, which can promote cel proliferation as wel as tissue and organ recovery and regeneration. Additional y, they possess low price and relative stable physicochemical property. Thus, the applications of traditional Chinese medicine in tissue engineering has attracted more attentions of researchers al over the world. OBJECTIVE:To review the application of the traditional Chinese medicine in stem cel proliferation and tissue engineering. METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for articles concerning the application of traditional Chinese medicine in stem cel proliferation and tissue engineering published from 1978 to 2015. The keywords were“the traditional Chinese medicine, tissue engineering, application, stem cel , anti-inflammatory, cross linking, surface modification, osteoblast, blood vessel”in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Natural medicine and the traditional Chinese medicine are expected to be applied in tissue engineering as a surrogate of growth factor and antibiotics, which exert anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, surface modification, anticoagulation and cross-linking roles as wel as promote proliferation and differentiation of stem cel s in tissue engineering.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.Methods The clinical data of 2 children with IgA nephropathy were retrospectively analyzed.The pertinent literatures were reviewed.Results In 2 males aged 6 and 7 years,the clinical features were a large amount of proteinuria (mainly albumin),low serum albumin,high cholesterol,and persistent microscopic hematuria,which were in line with the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.The effects of hormone and immunosuppressive therapy were poor.Renal pathology immunofluorescence and light microscopy findings were in accord with mild to moderate mesangial proliferative IgA nephropathy (M1E0S0T0).Electron microscope showed glomerular basement membrane lesions (layering,breakage,and uneven thickness),which could not exclude Alport syndrome.Further gene detection confirmed a pathogenic mutation of COL4A5.Conclusions It is rare that IgA nephropathy is combined IgA nephropathy at the same time.Attention should by paid to those who had a poor effect of treatment or had a related family history in IgA patients because it is possible that IgA nephropathy and IgA nephropathy may occurred at the same time.

Autoimmune disease is an own organization inflammatory lesions,mainly caused by destroying the adaptive immune tolerance mechanism of differentiatingself andnon-self,whose character is appearing the autoantibodies and self-reactive T cells in the body.Autoinflammatory disease is a group of genetic,recurrent and noninvasive inflammatory disease,whose characteristics are fever,rash,joint pain,arthritis,ophthalmic pathological changes and increasing of acute phase proteins,and it can affect many organ systems.These diseases are different in the mode of onset and clinical manifestations,but also can have similar and overlapped symptoms and signs,and often confused with other systemic diseases.Therefore,clinical misdiagnoses or missed diagnoses easily occur.To understand correctly and master the laboratory examination characteristics and its clinical is essential,which has significant value in the clinical diagnosis,differential diagnosis,evaluation and treatment of these diseases.