Objective To assess systematically the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) versus traditional methods in nursing students.Methods Relative literature was searched by computer at home and abroad.according to the inclusion and the exclusion criteria,which were analyzed by RevMan5.2 software,and literature selection and repetition were used according to the Note Express software.Results A total of 9 studies of randomized controlled or not randomized controlled trial were brought into the study by random effects model.A total of 1 187 were collected into the study,574 in the experimental group and 613 in the control group.According to subgroup analysis showed by measurement scale,problem-based learning (PBL) can significantly improve the critical thinking ability of nursing students.The results had high stability and reliability.Conclusions PBL teaching method can significantly improve the critical thinking ability of nursing students,and provide a better learning method for clinical teachers and students,which is worthy of further promotion.

Objective To analyze of internal strength in patients with chronic disease,make clear the concept development,property,prerequisites,outcome and evaluation index of internal force.Methods To retrieve the relevant research literature in the knowledge service platform of Pubmed,PsycINFO and Chinese CNKI,Wanfang data,using the Rodgers analysis method to analyze the evolution of the concept of internal force.Results The molding process of internal strength of patients with chronic diseases included 4 defining characteristics:self concept,support,development and transcendence.Conclusions Rodgers evolution concept analysis method can help medical workers make clear concept essence of internal strength,deepening their cognition and understanding,so as to provide the basis for the implementation of the related research and clinical interventions.

Objective To construct subsystem of picture archiving and communicating system (PACS) based on video database of ophthalmology and to evaluate on effectiveness of applying PACS system in postgraduate teaching.Methods PACS subsystem were constructed by collecting audiovisual materials of ophthalmology surgery videos,retinal photography,B-ultrasonography,OCT,UBM of patients.A total of 24 postgraduates were divided into control group (n =12) and experimental group (n=12) by random number table.Students in control group was taught by traditional cases,books and literature while those in experimental by network teaching from PACS subsystem.Two teaching methods were assessed subjectively and objectively.Objective indicators including ophthalmology examination results,operational skill ratings and paper reviewing results as well as subjective indicators including efficiency to accept the knowledge,satisfaction degree of teaching,influencing degree of papers were employed to assess the effectiveness of the two teaching methods.Independent samples t-test and twosample rank sum test were used for statistical analysis,P ＜ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Students in experimental group done better in operation scores and in the assessment of the efficiency of knowledge accepting,satisfaction of teaching and papers effect than control group(P =0.000、0.000、0.000、0.003).The two groups had no significant difference in professional exam achievements and paper review scores (P =0.625、0.354).Conclusions PACS subsystem based on video database of ophthalmology are benefit for postgraduate teaching.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of maternal exposure to nano-alumina during pregnancy on the neurodevelopment in offspring mice.

METHODSFemale ICR mice began to be exposed to nano-alumina 10 d before mating, and the nano-alumina exposure lasted till offspring mice were born. All the female mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: solvent control group (saline), nano-carbon group (11.76 mg/ml), micro-alumina group (50 mg/ml), 50 nm alumina group (50 mg/ml), and 13 nm alumina group (50 mg/ml). All the mice were treated by nasal drip (10 µl/time) 3 times daily till offspring mice were born. Physiological indices, reflex and sensory function test, endurance test, Morris water maze test, positioning and navigation test, and open field test were used to evaluate the neurodevelopment of newborn mice.

RESULTSOn day 28, the body weight of 13 nm alumina group (16.73±4.04 g) was significantly lower than that of solvent control group (20.45±2.50 g) (P<0.01); the 13 nm alumina group had significantly delayed time to ear opening compared with the solvent control group (4.91±0.78 d vs 4.45±0.50 d, P<0.01); compared with the solvent control group, the nano-carbon group, micro-alumina group, 50 nm alumina group, and 13 nm alumina group had significantly delayed time to eruption of teeth (10.05±0.23 d vs 10.32±0.48 d, 10.75±0.45 d, 10.32±0.47 d, and 10.79±0.49 d, P<0.05 or P<0.01). On days 4 and 7 after birth, compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly decreased proportions of mice which passed the cliff avoidance test (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). On days 12 and 14 after birth, compared with the solvent control group, the nano-carbon group, 50 nm alumina group, and 13 nm alumina group had significantly reduced pre-suspension time in the endurance test (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The Morris water maze and positioning and navigation tests showed that the 13 nm alumina group had a significantly increased 5 d incubation period compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.05); compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly reduced numbers of platform crossings (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The open field test showed that the nano-carbon group and 13 nm alumina group had reduced numbers of rearings compared with the solvent control group (P < 0.05); compared with the solvent control group, other groups had significantly reduced numbers of modifications (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMaternal exposure to nano-alumina (13 nm) during pregnancy has inhibitory effects on the physical development and early behavioral development in newborn mice and can also inhibit the learning and memory abilities and adaptability to new environment in offspring mice. The neurodevelopmental toxicity of nano-alumina to newborn mice increases as the particle sizes of nano-alumina decrease, which has been demonstrated by the endurance test and number of rearings.

Aluminum Oxide ; toxicity ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Behavior, Animal ; Body Weight ; Female ; Maternal Exposure ; Maze Learning ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Motor Activity ; Nanostructures ; toxicity ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the immunogenicity of the decellularized laryngeal scaffold.

METHODSTwelve perfused, decellularized laryngeal scaffolds were obtained from rabbits through common carotid artery perfusion with detergents. The twelve decellularized laryngeal scaffolds and the twelve fresh larynxes were then implanted in para-laryngeal muscles of rabbits and harvested after two weeks, four weeks, twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks, respectively. Macroscopic view, histological examination and lymphocyte infiltration test were performed.

RESULTSThe decellularized larynxes were implanted and preserved the laryngeal extracellular matrix and laryngeal architecture. The decellularized larynx did not show obvious immunological rejection after implanted into the para-laryngeal muscles of the recipient rabbits. The volume of implanted larynx became smaller but retained cartilage scaffold. The larynxes in the control group presented the serious immunological rejection and the majority tissues of the larynxes were disintegrated and substituted by the fibrous connective tissues after four weeks. The peripheral tissues were damaged and necrotic at different degrees. The quantity of the lymphocyte infiltration in the control group was higher than that in the experiment group and the result had the statistical significance (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSPerfused, decellularized technique can construct a low immune laryngeal cartilage scaffold which could be a satisfactory material for laryngeal repair.

Animals ; Cartilage ; cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Graft Rejection ; immunology ; Larynx, Artificial ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Male ; Prosthesis Implantation ; Rabbits ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo prepare a decellularized whole laryngeal scaffold by utilizing a perfusion-decellularized technique, reseed cells on it, and construct decellularized laryngeal muscles.

METHODSPerfusion decellularized larynxes were obtained by common carotid arterious perfusion with detergents. Then they were performed by macroscopic view, histological examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cartilage viability. Decellularized laryngeal scaffold were then reseeded with inducted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Composites were transferred into greater omentums of rabbits after one day's adherence and harvested after eight weeks. Macroscopic view, histological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed.

RESULTSPerfusion larynxes became transparent after two hours. Histology and SEM indicated that perfusion method showed better decullularized effect. More vintages and collagen fibers but no intact cell or nuclei were retained in the decellularized matrix. Porosity measured by Image pro plus 6.0 was 80.4% +/- 3.2% (x +/- s). Chondrocyte vitality assay indicated chondrocyte vitality rate in the perfusion group was 86.9% +/- 1.5%. After eight weeks, vascularization formed and integrated cartilage frameworks still remained. Histological examination could clearly show the presence of muscle bundles and vessels. Immunohistochemical examination indicated that sarcomeric-alpha actin expressed positively in corresponding areas.

CONCLUSIONSIt is feasible to reseed MSCs into the decellularized laryngeal muscle matrix for constructing tissue-engineered laryngeal muscles. This in vivo maturation into the omentum could be the first step before in situ implantation of the construct.

Animals ; Extracellular Matrix ; Feasibility Studies ; Laryngeal Muscles ; cytology ; physiology ; Larynx, Artificial ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

The liver injury induced by Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) was investigated based on idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model co-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a non-hepatotoxic dose. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intragastrically administered with three doses (18.9, 37.8, 75.6 g crude drug per kg body weight) of 50% alcohol extracts of PM alone or co-treated with non-toxic dose of LPS (2.8 mg·kg(-1)) via tail vein injection. The plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were assayed and the isolated livers were evaluated for histopathological changes. The dose-toxicity relationships of single treatment of PM or co-treatment of LPS were investigated comparatively to elucidate the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM. The results showed that no significant alterations of plasma ALT and AST activities were observed in the groups of solo-administration of LPS (2.8 mg·kg(-1), i.v.) or different dosage (18.9, 37.8 and 75.6 g·kg(-1), i.g.) of PM, compared to normal control group (P > 0.05); while significant elevations were observed in the co-administration groups of PM and LPS. Treatment with LPS alone caused slight infiltration of inflammatory cells in portal area but no evident hepatocytes injury. Co-treatment with LPS and PM (75.6 g·kg(-1), i.g.) caused hepatocyte focal necrosis, loss of central vein intima and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration in portal areas. When further reduce the dosage of PM, significant increases of plasma ALT and AST activities (P < 0.05) were still observed in co-administration groups of LPS and PM (1.08 or 2.16 g·kg(-1)), but not in LPS or PM solo-administration groups. Nevertheless, the co-treatment of low dosage of PM (0.54 g·kg(-1)) with LPS did not induce any alteration of plasma ALT and AST. In conclusion, intragastric administration with 75.6 g·kg(-1) of PM did not induce liver injury in normal rats model; while the 2 folds of clinical equivalent dose of PM (1.08 g·kg(-1)) could result in liver injury in the LPS-based idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model, which could be used to evaluate the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM.

Objective To explore the correlation of glucose and lipid metabolism indicators combined with antiphospholipid antibodies with the prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 128 patients with atherosclerosis treated in our hospital from April 2021 to March 2023 were selected as study group,and 48 healthy individuals as control group.Glycolipid metabolism indexes and antiphospholipid antibody level of the two groups were compared,and the predictive value of glycolipid metabolism indexes,antiphospholipid antibodies and combined detection for the prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis were analyzed by ROC.Results TC,TG,ACL,and anti-β2-GP1 in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The study group was divided into two sub-groups according to the prognosis.The expression level of TC,TG,ACL,and anti-β 2-GP1 in poor prognosis group was higher than that in good prognosis group(P＜0.05).TC,TG,ACL,and anti-β 2-GP1 was positively correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis(P＜0.05).ROC curve showed that the predictive value of six combined tests for the prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis was higher than that of single test of TC,TG,ACL,and anti-β2-GP1(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combined detection of TC,TG,ACL,and anti-β2-GP1 has high predictive value for the prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis.

The liver injury induced by Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) was investigated based on idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model co-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a non-hepatotoxic dose. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intragastrically administered with three doses (18.9, 37.8, 75.6 g crude drug per kg body weight) of 50% alcohol extracts of PM alone or co-treated with non-toxic dose of LPS (2.8 mg·kg(-1)) via tail vein injection. The plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were assayed and the isolated livers were evaluated for histopathological changes. The dose-toxicity relationships of single treatment of PM or co-treatment of LPS were investigated comparatively to elucidate the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM. The results showed that no significant alterations of plasma ALT and AST activities were observed in the groups of solo-administration of LPS (2.8 mg·kg(-1), i.v.) or different dosage (18.9, 37.8 and 75.6 g·kg(-1), i.g.) of PM, compared to normal control group (P > 0.05); while significant elevations were observed in the co-administration groups of PM and LPS. Treatment with LPS alone caused slight infiltration of inflammatory cells in portal area but no evident hepatocytes injury. Co-treatment with LPS and PM (75.6 g·kg(-1), i.g.) caused hepatocyte focal necrosis, loss of central vein intima and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration in portal areas. When further reduce the dosage of PM, significant increases of plasma ALT and AST activities (P < 0.05) were still observed in co-administration groups of LPS and PM (1.08 or 2.16 g·kg(-1)), but not in LPS or PM solo-administration groups. Nevertheless, the co-treatment of low dosage of PM (0.54 g·kg(-1)) with LPS did not induce any alteration of plasma ALT and AST. In conclusion, intragastric administration with 75.6 g·kg(-1) of PM did not induce liver injury in normal rats model; while the 2 folds of clinical equivalent dose of PM (1.08 g·kg(-1)) could result in liver injury in the LPS-based idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity model, which could be used to evaluate the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; pathology ; Hepatocytes ; pathology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Polygonum ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The root bark extract of Aralia taibaiensis is used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in China. The total saponin extracted from Aralia Taibaiensis (sAT) has effective combined antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. However, the active compounds have not yet been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined effects of twelve triterpenoid saponins on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, and found that compound 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (AT12) significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). AT12 effectively decreased blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The mechanism by which AT12 activated AMPK was subsequently investigated. Intracellular ATP level and oxygen consumption were significantly reduced by AT12 treatment. The findings suggested AT12 was a novel AMPK activator, and could be useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase ; Adenosine Triphosphate ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases* ; Animals ; Aralia* ; Blood Glucose ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Metabolic Diseases ; Models, Animal ; Oxygen Consumption ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Saponins ; Triglycerides