OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injection. METHODS:The contents in the instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injection approved the listing from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2015 were statistically investigated according to Regulation for Drug Package Inserts and Label Management and Regulatory Guidelines for Chemicals and Biologicals,and the items with great differences in different approval number were analyzed comparatively. RE-SULTS:The labeling rate of clinical experiment in the collected 25 instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injection was 0,the labeling rate of validity was 44%,the labeling rate of use for elderly patients was 68%,the labeling rate of overdosage was 76%,and the labeling rate of others was 100%. The items with great differences were mainly special populations,usage and dos-age,adverse reactions,validity,storage conditions and precautions. CONCLUSIONS:There are great differences in instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injection,some items are inaccurate,incomplete and lack of scientificity,which may result in ir-rational drug use in patients and increase the risk of medication. It is suggested that the domestic enterprises should modify and per-fect the contents of the instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injections referring to the instructions of foreign brand name drug;and the drug regulatory department should strengthen the monitoring of drug instructions.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety ofShugan Liqi Qingqiu Decoction in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods Totally 74 patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group in a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group received the prescription ofShuganLiqiQingqiu Decoction, and control group was given loratadine tablets orally, 7 days as a course of treatment and 3 courses successive. After treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS), Rhinocoujunctivitis Quality of Life Questionaire (RQLQ), Specific IgE (SIgE) values and total effective rate were measured to evaluate the clinical efficacy, and the total number of cases of adverse reactions was statistically analyzed.Results After all the patients were researched, the total effective rate of treatment group was 86.49% (32/37) in the treatment group and 89.19% (33/37) in control group, without statistical difference (P>0.05). There was statistical difference in VAS and RQLQ between before and after treatment in the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in VAS and was statistical difference in RQLQ (P<0.05) in the two groups. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in SIgE in the treatment group, and was statistical difference (P<0.05) in control group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in SIgE between the two groups after treatment. There was no adverse reaction except for 2 patients in the treatment group with mild diarrhea. Conclusion ShuganLiqiQingqiu Decoction has good clinical efficacy and safety for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Intracranial aneurysm often result from congenital defects of regional cerebral artery wall and increased endovascular pressure.Its occurrence and development are associated with several risk factors including genetics,smoking,hypertension,cerebral atherosclerosis and vasculitis.With the application of gene chip technology for the past few years,the research of pathogenic genes associated with intracranial aneurysms was further deepened,and some susceptibility genes closely associated with the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms have been found,and this suggests that intracranial aneurysm may be a polygenic disease caused by the combined action of multiple genes.

Objective To investigate the incidence and structure of mental disability in children with movement disorders. Methods 157 children with movement disorders (103 with cerebral palsy and 54 with mental retardation) were assessed with Gesell developmental schedules,and mental disability was identified as development quotient (DQ)<75. Results The incidence of intelligence disability was 92.2% in children with cerebral palsy, including 91.2% in spastic type, and 100% in dyskinetic, mixed or dystonic type. The development of gross motor was retarded in children with spastic cerebral palsy, and gross and fine motor in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, compared with those with mental retardation. Conclusion It is important to focus the mental development in children with movement disorders, especially the dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Gesell developmental schedules should be used carefully to assess the mental development in children with movement disorder.

Objective To explore the protective effect of 17β-estradiol on traumatic brain injury in rats.Methods A total of 45 adult male SD rats were divided into 3 groups using the random digit table, 15 rats in each group:the control group only exposed but not injured the brain, the injury group received traumatic brain injury ( TBI) by Feeney’ s method, and the treatment group received the same handling with injury group, and pretreatment with 17β-estradiol peritoneal injection, 1 mg/kg per day for one week.The other two groups were given the same volume of castor oil.At 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after injury, the brain tissue water content, malondialdehyde ( MDA) content and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity were measured.Results At 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after injury, the levels of brain tissue water content in the injury group and treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05 ) .At 6 h after injury, the brain tissue water contents in the injury group and treatment group were ( 99.83 ±0.40 )% and ( 99.53 ±0.41 )%,respectively, with a non-significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).At 24 h and 48 h after injury, the brain tissue water contents in the injury group was ( 105.17 ±0.43 )% and ( 107.54 ±0.39 )%, in the treatment group was (103.26 ±0.42)%and (105.89 ±0.43)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05).At 6 h after injury, the levels of MDA in the injury group and treatment group increased and maintained at a higher level, and the levels of SOD decreased.Compared with the control group, there had a significant difference ( P<0.05 ) . The levels of MDA and SOD in the injury group and treatment group at 6 h after injury had a non-significant difference ( P>0.05).But at 24 h and 48 h after injury, the levels of MDA in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the injury group [(130.39 ±7.02) μmol/g vs.(149.41 ±8.25) μmol/g, (125.41 ±6.59) μmol/g vs.(157.72 ± 8.93) μmol/L] , and the levels of SOD in the treatment group were significantly higher than thoset in the injury group [(88.46 ±7.17) U/g vs.(80.10 ±4.87) U/mg, (97.31 ±7.89) U/g vs.(84.29 ±6.13) U/g], with a significant difference ( P<0.05 ) between the two groups.Conclusions 17β-estradiol has a protective effect on traumatic brain injury.

Objective To construct vectors expressing small interfering RNA targeting the Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) gene and obtain TLR4 knock downed vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Methods Three small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the TLR4 gene were designed, synthesized and cloned into the pSilence 2.1-U6 neo vector. Positive clones were verified with double enzyme digestion and sequencing. Then the recombinants were transfected to SMC by the cationic lipid method respectively.SMC were stably transfected with an expression plasmid and screened by G418. TLR4 mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot methods. Results The pSilence2.1-siTLR4 ex-pression vectors were successfully constructed and a TLR4 knock-downed SMC cell line was established. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of TLR4 was significantly down-regulated in the infected SMC cell line, and pSilence2.1-siTLR4-1was the most efficacious recombinant vector.Conclusion Recombinant vectors carrying shRNA targeting the TLR4 gene were successfully constructed and the TLR4 expression in vascular SMCs was inhibited.

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is widely used in coronary artery examination. Ultrasonic elastography combined with IVUS is very conspicuous in identifying plaque component and in detecting plaque vulnerability degree. In this study, a simulation model of the blood vessel based on finite element analysis (FEA) was established. The vessel walls generally have radial changes caused by different intravascular pressure. The signals at lower pressures were used as the pre-deformation data and the signals at higher pressure were used as the post-deformation data. Displacement distribution was constructed using the time-domain cross-correlation method, and then strain images. By comparison of elastograms under different pressures, we obtained the optimal pressure step. Furthermore, on the basis of the obtained optimize pressure step, the simulation results showed that this method could effectively distinguish characteristics between different component plaques, and could guide the later experiments and clinical applications.
Angiography ; Arteries ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; diagnostic imaging ; Pressure

Objective:To investigate the Foxp3 expression in murine model of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the effects of Foxp3 in the pathogenic mechanism of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methods:Type 1 diabetes mellitus of mouse was induced by STZ.The Foxp3 expression in the spleen cells was detected at the mRNA level by RT-PCR and at protein level by Western blot.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in the spleens were detected by Flow cytometry.Results:The expressing levels of Foxp3 mRNA and scurfin in the model group was higher than those of control group within the first week after induction,but the expressing level of Foxp3 mRNA and Scurfin began to decrease on day 7 and were lower than those of control group on day 30.The percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in model group was similar with that of control group within the first week after induction,but after day 7,the percentage of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in model group began to get lower than contol group.Conclusion:The expressing level of Foxp3 is decreased,then the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells is decreased accordingly,which may contribute to the pathogenic mechanism in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To evaluate the radioprotective effects of Quercetin (QN) on 6 Gy X-ray irradiation-induced immune dysfunction and toxicity in hepatic tissue in rats. Methods 40 adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group Ⅰ was injected intraperitoneally with saline solution for 7 consecutive day sand served as control group. Group Ⅱ was daily injected with QN (40 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. Group Ⅲ was irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy X-ray. Group Ⅳ received a daily injection of QN (40 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days, and 1 h after the last injection rats were irradiated with a single dose (6 Gy) X-ray irradiation.The animals were sacrificed after 24 h. Lymphocyte transforming rate was measured with MTT method, and CD+4 T, CD+4 T and CD+8/CD+8 T were measured with flow cytometry method. Oxidative conditions in liver were measured with malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione hormone (GSH), supernxide dismutase (SOD) andglutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities kits. HE staining was used to observe the general condition of rat's liver. Results Lymphocyte transforming rate, CD+4 T, CD+8 T and CD+8/CD+8 T in rats of Group Ⅳ were all higher than those in rats of Group Ⅲ ( F = 8.455,22.644, 18.911, P < 0.01 ). MDA content in the Group Ⅳ rat's liver was lower than that in the Group Ⅲ ( F = 10.059, P < 0.01 ) and antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px activities were higher than those in Group Ⅲ (F = 23.688,186.046,19.788, P < 0.01 ). The capillary of the hepatic lobules dilated and congested obviously in portal area, involving infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the Group Ⅲ, while QN improved this change apparendy. Conclusions Pretreatment with Quercetin improved the irradiated rat's immune functions and protected the irradiated rats from oxidative stress to some extent.

Objective Probe into different method safe and effective fixation method,clinical result and cliniical to indications of different treatments in intertrochanter fracture of femur in the old elderly.Methods Adopting the femur near end dissecting type to lock the stencil plate fixation 14 of 58 cases of old intertrochanter fracture of femur separately.the hip screw of motive force(DHS) fixation was used in 24,femur near end stencil plate fixation in 20,and the blood loss,operation time,ossicle split off situation and fracture heal time were compared among the three groups.Sanders grade results and complications were followed up.Results Postoperative follow up Was done in all patients,from 8 months to 3 years,averaged 1.5 years.three groups of skill type fine rate of the three groups being 92.9%,92%,90%respectively.Conclusions Different methods showed good clinical results in treating the old intertrochanter fracture of femur,each having its indications.Operation should be done should follow based on fracture type,age,physique factors and patient's osteoporosis intensity,choosing the best healing solution by characteristics of intermal flxation while each combining.The hook board(ALHP)is suitable for old patients with serious osteoporosis,DHS for Evans Ⅰ,Ⅱ types and some Evans Ⅲ type,and femur near end dissecting type stencil plate for Ⅳ and Ⅴ types fractures.