OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injection. METHODS:The contents in the instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injection approved the listing from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2015 were statistically investigated according to Regulation for Drug Package Inserts and Label Management and Regulatory Guidelines for Chemicals and Biologicals,and the items with great differences in different approval number were analyzed comparatively. RE-SULTS:The labeling rate of clinical experiment in the collected 25 instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injection was 0,the labeling rate of validity was 44%,the labeling rate of use for elderly patients was 68%,the labeling rate of overdosage was 76%,and the labeling rate of others was 100%. The items with great differences were mainly special populations,usage and dos-age,adverse reactions,validity,storage conditions and precautions. CONCLUSIONS:There are great differences in instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injection,some items are inaccurate,incomplete and lack of scientificity,which may result in ir-rational drug use in patients and increase the risk of medication. It is suggested that the domestic enterprises should modify and per-fect the contents of the instructions of domestic Clindamycin phosphate injections referring to the instructions of foreign brand name drug;and the drug regulatory department should strengthen the monitoring of drug instructions.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety ofShugan Liqi Qingqiu Decoction in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods Totally 74 patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group in a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group received the prescription ofShuganLiqiQingqiu Decoction, and control group was given loratadine tablets orally, 7 days as a course of treatment and 3 courses successive. After treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS), Rhinocoujunctivitis Quality of Life Questionaire (RQLQ), Specific IgE (SIgE) values and total effective rate were measured to evaluate the clinical efficacy, and the total number of cases of adverse reactions was statistically analyzed.Results After all the patients were researched, the total effective rate of treatment group was 86.49% (32/37) in the treatment group and 89.19% (33/37) in control group, without statistical difference (P>0.05). There was statistical difference in VAS and RQLQ between before and after treatment in the two groups (P<0.05). After treatment, there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in VAS and was statistical difference in RQLQ (P<0.05) in the two groups. There was no statistical difference (P>0.05) in SIgE in the treatment group, and was statistical difference (P<0.05) in control group. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in SIgE between the two groups after treatment. There was no adverse reaction except for 2 patients in the treatment group with mild diarrhea. Conclusion ShuganLiqiQingqiu Decoction has good clinical efficacy and safety for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Intracranial aneurysm often result from congenital defects of regional cerebral artery wall and increased endovascular pressure.Its occurrence and development are associated with several risk factors including genetics,smoking,hypertension,cerebral atherosclerosis and vasculitis.With the application of gene chip technology for the past few years,the research of pathogenic genes associated with intracranial aneurysms was further deepened,and some susceptibility genes closely associated with the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms have been found,and this suggests that intracranial aneurysm may be a polygenic disease caused by the combined action of multiple genes.

Objective To investigate the incidence and structure of mental disability in children with movement disorders. Methods 157 children with movement disorders (103 with cerebral palsy and 54 with mental retardation) were assessed with Gesell developmental schedules,and mental disability was identified as development quotient (DQ)<75. Results The incidence of intelligence disability was 92.2% in children with cerebral palsy, including 91.2% in spastic type, and 100% in dyskinetic, mixed or dystonic type. The development of gross motor was retarded in children with spastic cerebral palsy, and gross and fine motor in children with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, compared with those with mental retardation. Conclusion It is important to focus the mental development in children with movement disorders, especially the dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Gesell developmental schedules should be used carefully to assess the mental development in children with movement disorder.

Objective To evaluate the radioprotective effects of Quercetin (QN) on 6 Gy X-ray irradiation-induced immune dysfunction and toxicity in hepatic tissue in rats. Methods 40 adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group Ⅰ was injected intraperitoneally with saline solution for 7 consecutive day sand served as control group. Group Ⅱ was daily injected with QN (40 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. Group Ⅲ was irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy X-ray. Group Ⅳ received a daily injection of QN (40 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days, and 1 h after the last injection rats were irradiated with a single dose (6 Gy) X-ray irradiation.The animals were sacrificed after 24 h. Lymphocyte transforming rate was measured with MTT method, and CD+4 T, CD+4 T and CD+8/CD+8 T were measured with flow cytometry method. Oxidative conditions in liver were measured with malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione hormone (GSH), supernxide dismutase (SOD) andglutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities kits. HE staining was used to observe the general condition of rat's liver. Results Lymphocyte transforming rate, CD+4 T, CD+8 T and CD+8/CD+8 T in rats of Group Ⅳ were all higher than those in rats of Group Ⅲ ( F = 8.455,22.644, 18.911, P < 0.01 ). MDA content in the Group Ⅳ rat's liver was lower than that in the Group Ⅲ ( F = 10.059, P < 0.01 ) and antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSH-Px activities were higher than those in Group Ⅲ (F = 23.688,186.046,19.788, P < 0.01 ). The capillary of the hepatic lobules dilated and congested obviously in portal area, involving infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the Group Ⅲ, while QN improved this change apparendy. Conclusions Pretreatment with Quercetin improved the irradiated rat's immune functions and protected the irradiated rats from oxidative stress to some extent.

Objective To explore the protective effect of 17β-estradiol on traumatic brain injury in rats.Methods A total of 45 adult male SD rats were divided into 3 groups using the random digit table, 15 rats in each group:the control group only exposed but not injured the brain, the injury group received traumatic brain injury ( TBI) by Feeney’ s method, and the treatment group received the same handling with injury group, and pretreatment with 17β-estradiol peritoneal injection, 1 mg/kg per day for one week.The other two groups were given the same volume of castor oil.At 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after injury, the brain tissue water content, malondialdehyde ( MDA) content and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity were measured.Results At 6 h, 24 h and 48 h after injury, the levels of brain tissue water content in the injury group and treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05 ) .At 6 h after injury, the brain tissue water contents in the injury group and treatment group were ( 99.83 ±0.40 )% and ( 99.53 ±0.41 )%,respectively, with a non-significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).At 24 h and 48 h after injury, the brain tissue water contents in the injury group was ( 105.17 ±0.43 )% and ( 107.54 ±0.39 )%, in the treatment group was (103.26 ±0.42)%and (105.89 ±0.43)%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05).At 6 h after injury, the levels of MDA in the injury group and treatment group increased and maintained at a higher level, and the levels of SOD decreased.Compared with the control group, there had a significant difference ( P<0.05 ) . The levels of MDA and SOD in the injury group and treatment group at 6 h after injury had a non-significant difference ( P>0.05).But at 24 h and 48 h after injury, the levels of MDA in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the injury group [(130.39 ±7.02) μmol/g vs.(149.41 ±8.25) μmol/g, (125.41 ±6.59) μmol/g vs.(157.72 ± 8.93) μmol/L] , and the levels of SOD in the treatment group were significantly higher than thoset in the injury group [(88.46 ±7.17) U/g vs.(80.10 ±4.87) U/mg, (97.31 ±7.89) U/g vs.(84.29 ±6.13) U/g], with a significant difference ( P<0.05 ) between the two groups.Conclusions 17β-estradiol has a protective effect on traumatic brain injury.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic of 1 000 Hz probe tone tympanometry obtained from neonates who didn’t pass the TEOAE screening . .Methods TEOAE screening were performed to screen the hearing with GSI -70 Automated OAE(Grason-Stadler ,USA) .Then neonates were detected the 1 000 Hz probe tone tympanograms by GSI Tympstar Version Ⅱ Middle Ear Analyzer(Grason-Stadler ,USA) .The relative infor-mation ,including tympanometric peak pressure (Tpp) ,peak admittance(Yp) ,peak compensated static acoustic ad-mittance (Ypc)、tympanometric width(TW) were collatea .The of 1 000 Hz probe tone tympanometry of 47 ears that didn’t pass the first TEOAE and 1 300 ears that passed the first TEOAE were asnpared .Results We found in the single-peak type ,the ratio of the experimental group(59 .57% ) was less than that of the control group(74 .00% ) , and in the flat type the ratio of the the experimental group (23 .40% ) was more than that of the control group (8 . 54% ) ,there was a statistical significance between the two groups in each different type proportion (P<0 .05) .But there is not a statistical significance in the relative values of single -peak type admittance between the two groups , such as tympanometric peak pressure (Tpp)、peak admittance(Yp) etc .Conclusion The majority of 1000Hz tympa-nograms of the neonates who passed TEOAE is the single -peak type ,but the neonates who didn’t pass the first TEOAE mostly shored the flat type The .

Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb on the expression of glucocorticoids receptor (GR)and peripheral blood lymphocytes in burning-induced septic rats. Methods Sixty-six male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into sham operated control group(n=18),sepsis model group(n=24) and rhubarb treatment group(n=24),each group was further randomly divided into 12,24 and 72 hours subgroups according to different time points. The model of scald sepsis was replicated by scald injury induced by boiling water at the rat back accounting for 30% total body surface area(Ⅲ grade of scald),and administration of endotoxin (5 mg/kg)into the peritoneal cavity 12 hours after scald injury. After the successful establishment of septic models, the rats in the rhubarb treatment group were immediately infused with 50 mg/kg rhubarb powder dissolved in 1 mL saline through a gastric tube,while the rats in sham operated control group and sepsis model group received saline by the same way as a substitute for rhubarb. The the binding capacity of GR of peripheral blood leucocyte and binding activity of GR of hepatocyte were analyzed by radiation ligands binding assay. The CD4+,CD8+as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometer. Results The binding capacity of GR of peripheral blood leucocyte and binding activity of GR of hepatocyte were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner in sepsis model group compared to those of the sham operated control group,while in the rhubarb treatment group they were increased in a time-dependent manner after interference of rhubarb, and they were higher than those in the model group at the same time points〔leukocyte GR binding capacity (locus/cell)at 12,24,72 hours :1 515.38±300.44,1 859.63±258.26,1 890.50±307.88 vs. 1 122.63±225.39, 1 008.88±150.41,724.38±91.19;hepatocyte GR binding capacity(fmol/mg):210.19±26.26,258.01±20.98, 283.38±38.21 vs. 153.11±30.07, 129.83±26.89, 94.08±14.30, all P<0.01〕. Compared with the sham operated control group,the CD4+ and CD8+ were decreased in various degrees at 12 hours and 24 hours in the septic group, at 24 hours the differences being statistically significant (P<0.01 and P<0.05). CD4+/CD8+ratios were decreased significantly at all time points,the differences were statistically significant at 24 hours and 72 hours(both P<0.01). The CD4+ T cell and CD4+/CD8+ ratio at all the time points were increased at various degrees in the rhubarb treatment group,and the differences from those in the sepsis model group at 24 hours and 72 hours were statistically significant (1.58±0.69, 1.56±0.49 vs. 1.02±0.41, 1.01±1.68, both P<0.01). Conclusion Rhubarb can modulate the binding capacity of GR of peripheral blood leucocyte and the binding activity of GR of hepatocyte,and via its influence on the number of peripheral leucocytes,the immune dysfunction in the sepsis processes is improved.

Objective To construct vectors expressing small interfering RNA targeting the Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) gene and obtain TLR4 knock downed vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Methods Three small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the TLR4 gene were designed, synthesized and cloned into the pSilence 2.1-U6 neo vector. Positive clones were verified with double enzyme digestion and sequencing. Then the recombinants were transfected to SMC by the cationic lipid method respectively.SMC were stably transfected with an expression plasmid and screened by G418. TLR4 mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot methods. Results The pSilence2.1-siTLR4 ex-pression vectors were successfully constructed and a TLR4 knock-downed SMC cell line was established. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression of TLR4 was significantly down-regulated in the infected SMC cell line, and pSilence2.1-siTLR4-1was the most efficacious recombinant vector.Conclusion Recombinant vectors carrying shRNA targeting the TLR4 gene were successfully constructed and the TLR4 expression in vascular SMCs was inhibited.

Objective To find an ideal method of DNA isolation from blood and especially from clotted blood and to minimize the volume of blood collected for laboratory and clinical tests.Methods DNAs were isolated from antiagglutinated and agglutinated blood samples from auricular veins of 30 healthy subjects. The DNAs of these samples were obtained by a nonenzymatic, nontoxic procedure optimized by us and determinated by agarose gel electrophoesis and PCR. Results The yields of DNA isolated from clotted blood and antiagglutinated blood were (40.2?8.86)mg DNA/L and (39.1?10.2)mg DNA/L, and purities were 1.87?0.11 and 1.92? 0.12. The DNAs that we isolated from all samples had high molecular weight and by PCR the dimorphism of ALU alleles of the 8th intron of t-PA was easy to be obtained, so they were complete and reliable. Conclusion This method is rapid, easy, efficient and nontoxic for isolation of DNA from clotted and fresh blood and meets requirements for clinical testing and molecular biology study.