Animals ; Annexin A2 ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; DNA Replication ; Endocytosis ; Exocytosis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator ; metabolism ; physiology

Acute Lung Injury ; therapy ; Humans ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; therapy

Objective To explore the methodology of choosing the volume and shape of the mammary implant.Methods The changes of the volume and shape were analyzed in 502 cases of breast augmentation,to find out how to select the volume and shape of the mammary implant.Results The thoracic width H was the most important factor of choosing width of the implant; the SN was the important factor of choosing the height of the anatomic implant; After setting the diameter and height of the implant,a bigger breast could be achieved by increasing the projection of implants.For those very thin females with flat chest, anatomic implants were the better choice. Conclusions Thoracic width,breast volume and other data are the most important factors in choosing the mammary implant.Round and anatomic mammary implants have their specific indications.

BACKGROUND: The meniscus has limited ability in repairing itself after being injured. However, tissue engineering provides a new way to meniscus repair after injury. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which possess the potential of multi-directional differentiations, can be ideal seed cells in meniscus tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of differentiation of in vitro cultured porcine BMSCs into fibrochondrocyte phenotypes in inductive medium. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated with whole bone marrow culture method. Then, BMSCs of the third passage were digested and incubated in a medium containing transforming growth factor-β1, insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ, dexamethasone and ascorbic acid in a 24-well plate at a density of 2.0×10~4/cm~2 in the experimental group. While in the control group, the DMEM-LG complete culture medium containing no inductive factor were used instead. At day 7, 14 and 21 after induction respectively, Toluidine blue staining and immunocytochemical staining were performed to detect differentiation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Population double time (PDT) of BMSCs; ②Morphological changes of BMSCs under light microscope;③Proteoglycan expression;④Collagen type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ① The PDT of the second passage BMSCs was 2 days, which was the shortest. The PDT prolonged relatively after the fourth passage, which were 5 to 9 days. ② The BMSCs changed from a spindle-like appearance into a polygonal shape after induction. ③ In the experimental group, toluidine blue staining resulted in hyacinthine-stained cytoplasm and the blue was even deeper in the area where cells were dense; The degree of staining increased with the increasing induction time. While in the control group, only nucleus of BMSCs were stained blue. ④ Collagen type Ⅰ immunocytochemical staining was positive in both the experimental and the control group and there was no difference of significance between various induction time. No collagen type Ⅱwas seen expressed in the control group, while in the experimental group it was seen to be expressed steadily after 14 days of induction. It is indicated tlat BMSCs can be induced to synthesize fibrochondrocyte-characterized extracellular matrixes in vitro, which suggests that BMSCs are available as seed cells in meniscus tissue engineering.

This paper summarizes the kinds of long term care facilities, service delivery organization, service model, service role and experience of long-term service system in the United States. It provides referral implications for China to explore and establish its own long-term care service system. . There is a variety of long-term care services such as short and long-term stay, adult day care, and home care services, with a gradual change from institutional services to home and community ones. Long-term care services are provided by paid both formal and mostly unpaid informal caregivers. Informal family caregivers are most frequently daughters (29. 3%), followed by spouses with (21. 2%). With the increased availability of the family and community-based services, the family caregivers are more likely to share long term care services with the paid formal ones. The United States has a well-structured long-term care service system whose access mechanism is rigorous and systematic, emphasizing the evaluation of service quality and effectiveness. Moreover, the U. S. long term care service system pays more attention on elders' wishes, respecting their preferences and rights of choice on the services. Based on the experience of the United States, China should primarily focuses on establishing a family and community-based long term care service system with a variety of service delivery facilities, give a full play to the community health facilities, social partners, and families. The Chi-nese government should not only give a focus to the service institutions and content diversification, but should as well establish a sound and detailed assessment and evaluation standard system to access the services and assure the effec-tiveness of service quality with a humanized concern.

Objective To inspect the loading strength of a newly designed femur prosthesis with cage on the tension side for improving its design and clinical application. Methods A straight cementless femur prosthesis of total hip joint with cage on the proximal tension side was designed according to the geometry parameter of proximal femur of Chinese people. The concepts of proximal press-fit fixation, hypo-distal fixation, interface osteointegration and bone fusion with the cage were adopted in the prosthesis. Ti-6Al-4V forging workblanks were used in manufacturing with CAD/CAM technology. One prosthesis was taken randomly from finished products of each No.0, 1, 2, 4 group(with different) matched by (+0, +2) head with 26 mm diameter. The weight-loading test was done at 1 body weigth (BW), 3-8 BW respectively on INSTRON 4507 200kN univeral experiment machine universal material study machine with the prosthesis in a extraversion position of 18?. Results No plastic deformation and crack appeared when any of the prosthesis bear 1, 3-8 BW loading. The ultimate loading limit of No.1 and No.4 prosthesis was 57.6 kN and 81.8 kN respectively. Destroy first appeared at the stress collection area of the neck when the size of neck was relatively small. When the size of neck was big enough, break occurred at the stress collection area of the cage on the tension side. Conclusion The intensity strength of weight-loading of the femur prosthesis can not be destroyed even with a cage on the proximal tension side. It can endure the weight loading of hip in daily activities, and even strengthen due to the bony growing in proximal femur.

[Objective]To evaluate the incidence of postoperative residual numbness and the factors that influenced numbness in lumbar canal stenosis(LCS).[Method]Eighty patients with LCS including 24 males and 32 females,who were 27～78 years of age with an average age of 61.3,were operated by posterior decompression,and followed 10 days,1 month,3 months,1 year and 2 years after operation.All patients were examined by neurological findings and residual symptoms.[Result]In LCS,there were 82.1% of patients who complained numbness preoperativety.The incidence of residual numbness was 43.6%,39.1%,36.6%,35.3% and 35.7% after 10 days,1 month,3 months,12 months and 24 months,respectively.The factors that influenced residual numbness were related to stenosis types;JOA score before operation and the type of spinal canal stenosis were independent of age and nerve root diameter.[Conclusion]The lower limbs numbness recovered within 1 month postoperatlvely.The incidence of postoperative residual numbness was 35.3% and 35.7% in LCS after 1 year and 2 years.It is speculated that the potential of recovery of neural tissue is important for lower limbs residual numbness.

Objective Hypotension can be induced by sodium nitroprusside(SNP) combined with propofol more easily and with less amount of each drug. But both SNP and propofol were reported to inhibit platelet aggregation. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of controlled hypotension induced by SNP alone or in combination with propofol on human platelet aggregation. Methods Fifty-six ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients (30 male, 26 female), aged 20-54 (36.0 ? 11.2) years and weighing 42-79 (67.6?14.3)kg, undergoing elective neurosurgery were randomly assigned to one of four groups: A control group ( n = 14) ; B propofol group ( n = 14) ; C SNP group( n = 14) and D SNP + propofol group ( n = 14) . The patients were premedicated with luminal 0.lg and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2 mg ?kg-1 , fentanyl 5 ?g?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.1 mg?kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane inhalation and intermittent boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. In group A and B no hypotension was induced. In group C and D hypotension was induced by 0.01 % SNP infusion (0.5-5 ?g?kg-1?min-1 ) alone or combined with propofol infusion(2-3 mg?kg-1?h-1 ) . As soon as the dura was cut, hypotension was induced. MAP was reduced by 30 % and maintained at ( 67.80 ? 9.64 ) mm Hg on average. Radial artery was cannulated for continuous BP monitoring. In order to avoid the effect of colloid and homologous transfusion on platelet function, only Ringer' s lactate was infused during operation in the four groups. Blood samples were taken from peripheral vein before skin incision, 30min and 1h after hypotension was induced and 2h after surgery for determination of platelet aggregation, prothrombin time and plasma level of NO2 -/NO3- .Results Platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited in group C and D at 30 min and Ih after induction of hypotension as compared with the baseline (before operation) . There was significant difference in the inhibition of platelet aggregation among the four groups. The inhibition was greatest in group D. There was no significant change in prothrombin time after induction of hypotension in the four groups. Plasma level of NO2-/NO3 - increased significantly at 30 min and 1h after induction of hypotension in group C and D. Conclusions SNP combined with propofol has inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation during controlled hypotension and increased in plasma NO2 -/NO3-level may be the mechanism.

With the strengthening of nuclear weapon development and the expanding of neutron application in economic area,the injury accidents of neutron radiation are happening from time to time.Neutron exposure,with high linear energy transfer,has high casualty rate,severe symptom and poor prognosis.In comparison with low-LET radiation damage,neutron irradiation induced injuries are more difficult to rescue.This review focused on the recent research progresses of radiation effects,intrinsic mechanisms and clinical prevention measures of neutron radiation,and to provide a theoretical clue for establishing an effective prevention protocol of neutron radiation damage.

AIM: To study the processing principle of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae steamed with wine. METHODS: The content of volatile oil was measured by means of volatile oil measuring method and identified by TLC. The total lignans was determined by spectrophotometry and the water-soluble extractive was measured by determination of extractive method. RESULTS: The volatile oil content in Fruetus Schisandrae Sphenantherae by steaming with wine decreased by 35.3%, TLC showed that a new spot was added; the lignans content had an increase of 28.9% and the water extractive was 2% less than in crude drug. CONCLUSION: Tranditional process is reasonable.