Purpose:To investigate the clinical effects of pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) under a ureteroscope for the treatment of ureteral stones.Method:From April 1996 to April 2000,252 patients with ureteral stones undergoing PL was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 252 cases, 238 had a satisfactory therapeutic effects with the successful rate being 94.4 %.8 cases failed to placement of ureteroscope and the successful rate for the insertion of ureteroscope was 96.8 % (244/252). During operation, ureteral stones in 6 cases were not dealt with well with the successful rate of PL being 97.1% (238/244).Conclusion:The therapeutic effects of PL under ureteroscope in the treatment of ureteral stones were reliable and the recovery after operation was rapid.PL was an ideal therapy for ureteral stones.