1.Cryptosporidiosis in a Small Bowel Transplant Recipient.
Youn Jeong KIM ; Sang Il KIM ; Yang Ree KIM ; Ik Jun CHOI ; Myung Duk LEE ; Yeon Joon PARK ; Ho Woo NAM ; Moon Won KANG
The Journal of the Korean Society for Transplantation 2008;22(1):138-141
No abstract available.
Animals
;
Cryptosporidiosis
;
Transplants
2.Cryptosporidiosis.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 1988;10(2):153-155
3.Experimental activation of cryptosporidiosis in mice by immunosuppression.
Jong Yil CHAI ; Son Moon SHIN ; Chong Ku YUN ; Jae Ran YU ; Soon Hyung LEE
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 1990;28(1):31-37
Cryptosporidium, a coccidian parasite first described by Tyzzer (1907) from a laboratory mouse, has become an important human enteric pathogen causing overwhelming diarrhea especially in immunocompromised patients such as AIDS. This parasite has been reported from over 20 countries and is recognized as a cosmopolitan species. In Korea, however, there has been no report on human as well as animal cryptosporidiosis. This study was performed so as to verify the presence of Cryptosporidium in Korea by activating the parasite from laboratory mice by immunosuppression. Total 65 conventionally-bred ICR mice including a control (5 mice) and 3 experimental groups (20 each) were used for this study. Group I was immunosuppressed with prednisolone injection (1 mg IM, every other day) for 7 weeks. Group II (prednisolone injection and tetracycline administration) and Group III (prednisolone injection and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration) were prepared to observe the effect of antibacterial agents on the activation of cryptosporidiosis. In fecal examinations of mice Cryptosporidium oocysts (4-6 microns in size) were detected from 1 week after the start of immunosuppression and the mice began to die. In H-E stained tissue sections of the lower jejunum, numerous very small (2-4 microns), dense, ovoid or spherical, slightly basophilic bodies were seen attached on the free border of mucosal epithelial cells. In scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations, these organisms were identified as various developmental stages of Cryptosporidium. The species is considered to be C. parvum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cryptosporidiosis-etiology
;
Cryptosporidiosis-immunology
;
Cryptosporidium-growth-and-development
;
English-Abstract
;
Immune-Tolerance
;
Intestinal-Diseases,-Parasitic-etiology
;
Intestinal-Diseases,-Parasitic-immunology
;
Mice-
;
Mice,-Inbred-ICR
;
*Cryptosporidiosis-parasitology
;
*Cryptosporidium-pathogenicity
;
*Immunosuppression-
;
*Intestinal-Diseases,-Parasitic-parasitology
4.Identification of Cryptosporidium from Dairy Cattle in Pahang, Malaysia.
Nur Hazirah HISAMUDDIN ; Najat HASHIM ; Sharmeen Nellisa SOFFIAN ; Mohd Hishammfariz Mohd AMIN ; Ridhwan Abdul WAHAB ; Mardhiah MOHAMMAD ; Muhammad Lokman Md ISA ; Afzan Mat YUSOF
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2016;54(2):197-200
Cryptosporidium, a protozoan parasite, can cause cryptosporidiosis which is a gastrointestinal disease that can infect humans and livestock. Cattle are the most common livestock that can be infected with this protozoan. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia and to find out the association between the occurrence of infection and 3 different ages of cattle (calves less than 1 year, yearling, and adult cattle). The samples were processed by using formol-ether concentration technique and stained by modified Ziehl Neelsen. The results showed that 15.9% (24/151) of cattle were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium in calves less than 1 year was the highest with the percentage of 20.0% (11/55) followed by yearling and adult cattle, with the percentage occurrence of 15.6 % (7/45) and 11.8% (6/51), respectively. There was no significant association between the occurrence and age of cattle and presence of diarrhea. Good management practices and proper hygiene management must be taken in order to reduce the infection. It is highly important to control the infection since infected cattle may serve as potential reservoirs of the infection to other animals and humans, especially animal handlers.
Adult
;
Animals
;
Cattle*
;
Cryptosporidiosis
;
Cryptosporidium*
;
Diarrhea
;
Gastrointestinal Diseases
;
Humans
;
Hygiene
;
Livestock
;
Malaysia*
;
Oocysts
;
Parasites
;
Prevalence
6.Cryptosporidium hominis Infection Diagnosed by Real-Time PCR-RFLP.
Hyeng Il CHEUN ; Kyungjin KIM ; Sejoung YOON ; Won Ja LEE ; Woo Yoon PARK ; Seobo SIM ; Jae Ran YU
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2013;51(3):353-355
There are approximately 20 known species of the genus Cryptosporidium, and among these, 8 infect immunocompetent or immunocompromised humans. C. hominis and C. parvum most commonly infect humans. Differentiating between them is important for evaluating potential sources of infection. We report here the development of a simple and accurate real-time PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to distinguish between C. parvum and C. hominis. Using the CP2 gene as the target, we found that both Cryptosporidium species yielded 224 bp products. In the subsequent RFLP method using TaqI, 2 bands (99 and 125 bp) specific to C. hominis were detected. Using this method, we detected C. hominis infection in 1 of 21 patients with diarrhea, suggesting that this method could facilitate the detection of C. hominis infections.
Child
;
Cryptosporidiosis/*diagnosis/*parasitology
;
Cryptosporidium/*classification/*genetics
;
Female
;
Genotype
;
Humans
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
;
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
;
Sensitivity and Specificity
7.Age-related infection with Cryptosporidium species and genotype in pigs in China.
Jian Hai YIN ; Zhong Ying YUAN ; Hui Xia CAI ; Yu Juan SHEN ; Yan Yan JIANG ; Jing ZHANG ; Yan Juan WANG ; Jian Ping CAO
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013;26(6):492-495
OBJECTIVEPigs, as hosts of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species/genotypes, are domestic animals with public health significance. The present study was to characterize the infection rate and species/genotype of Cryptosporidium in pre-weaned and post-weaned pigs from Shanghai and Shaoxing, China.
METHODSA total of 208 fecal samples (42 from pre-weaned piglets, and 166 from post-weaned pigs) were examined by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene and analyzed by phylogenetic DNA fragment sequencing of secondary PCR products.
RESULTSInfection was detected in 79 samples (19/42 pre-weaned piglets, and 60/166 post-weaned pigs). C. suis (14/79) and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II (65/79) were identified; piglets were more susceptible to the former (13/14) and post-weaned pigs to the latter (59/65).
CONCLUSIONInfection of Cryptosporidium spp. in pigs was age-specific; piglets were more susceptible to C. suis while pigs were more susceptible to Cryptosporidium pig genotype II. These findings combined with the isolation of the two Cryptosporidium from water suggest that pigs may be a source of zoonotic Cryptosporidium water pollution. Improvements in pig feeding practices, sewage discharge, feces disposal and field worker protection are therefore important to prevent potential public health problems.
Aging ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Cryptosporidiosis ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; Weaning
8.In vitro Screening of Ginkgolic Acids for Antiparasitic Activity against Cryptosporidium andersoni.
Chidiebere E UGWU ; Yan Yan JIANG ; Liang WU ; Yu Xin XU ; Jian Hai YIN ; Li Ping DUAN ; Sheng Xia CHEN ; Hua LIU ; Wei PAN ; Hong QUAN ; Yu Juan SHEN ; Jian Ping CAO
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019;32(4):300-303
9.Molecular Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Breeding Kennel Dogs
Naoyuki ITOH ; Hazuki TANAKA ; Yuko IIJIMA ; Satoshi KAMESHIMA ; Yuya KIMURA
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2019;57(2):197-200
Cryptosporidium is a common intestinal protozoan that can lead to diarrhea in humans and dogs. The predominant species of infection are C. hominis and C. parvum in humans, and C. canis in dogs. However, C. canis can infect immunocompromised humans. Considering the close contact with humans, dogs have the potential to be reservoirs for human cryptosporidiosis. Breeding kennels are the major supply source of puppies for pet shops. The present study is to determine the molecular prevalence and characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. found in breeding kennel dogs. A total of 314 fecal samples were collected from young and adult dogs kept in 5 breeding kennels. A polymerase chain reaction targeting the small subunit rRNA gene was employed for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. To determine the species, the DNA sequences were compared to GenBank data. Overall, 21.0% of the fecal samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. infection. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in all 5 facilities. A sequencing analysis demonstrated that all isolates shared 99–100% similarity with C. canis. The results suggest that Cryptosporidium spp. infection is present at a high-level in breeding kennel dogs. However, because dominant species in this survey was C. canis, the importance of breeding kennel dogs as reservoirs for Cryptosporidium spp. transmission to humans is likely to be low in Japan.
Adult
;
Animals
;
Base Sequence
;
Breeding
;
Cryptosporidiosis
;
Cryptosporidium
;
Databases, Nucleic Acid
;
Diarrhea
;
Dogs
;
Genes, rRNA
;
Humans
;
Japan
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Prevalence
10.Quantitative Evaluation of Infectivity Change of Cryptosporidium parvum after Gamma Irradiation.
Soo Ung LEE ; Mikyo JOUNG ; Taekyoung NAM ; Woo Yoon PARK ; Jae Ran YU
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 2009;47(1):7-11
Cryptosporidium parvum is a well-known waterborne and opportunistic intracellular protozoan parasite that causes diarrheal illness. In this study, we quantitatively investigated reduction of the infectivity of C. parvum after gamma irradiation and repair of the infectivity during incubation time after irradiation. C. parvum oocysts were subjected to gamma irradiation at various doses (1, 5, 10, and 25 kGy), and the in vitro infectivity was measured by real-time PCR every day up to 7 days after irradiation. The in vitro infectivity of C. parvum on human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8) was effectively reduced (> 2 log(10)) by irradiation at 10 kGy or more. However, in the experiment to find out repair of the infectivity, recovery was not noted until day 7 post-incubation.
Animals
;
Cell Line, Tumor
;
Cell Survival/radiation effects
;
Cryptosporidiosis/*parasitology
;
Cryptosporidium parvum/genetics/*pathogenicity/*radiation effects
;
Female
;
*Gamma Rays
;
Humans
;
Mice
;
Mice, Inbred C57BL
;
Oocysts/radiation effects
;
Virulence