The effect of parasitic ions on the results of ultraviolet A (UVA) cross-linking in iontophoresis was still not clear. In this work, the porcine sclera was cross-linked by riboflavin lactate Ringer's solution (group A) and riboflavin normal saline (group B)
Animals ; Collagen ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Ions ; Iontophoresis ; Permeability ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology* ; Riboflavin ; Sclera ; Swine ; Ultraviolet Rays

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility whether the bovine jugular venous conduit (BJVC) can be fixed with polyepoxy compound (PC). METHODS: Twenty-four BJVCs were divided into 3 groups and fixed with polyepoxy compound (PC group, n = 8), glutaraldehyde (GA group, n = 8), and unfixed group (Control group, n = 8), respectively. The morphologic and mechanical properties of BJVCs in the 3 groups, including thickness, diameter, moisture content, denaturation temperature, tensile strength, elongation at break, and fixation index were measured. The rat subcutaneous model for the assessment of tissue calcification was used. The calcium content in bovine jugular vein patches and valves was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS: There was no difference in the wall thickness, diameter, and tissue water content between PC and the control group, but significant difference was found between GA and PC groups. The mechanical properties of PC group and GA group were not significantly different, but they were better than those of the control group. GA-fixed BJVC samples showed clear calcification, while PC fixed BJVC were calcified significantly less. CONCLUSION PC is an effective and suitable choice for the treatment of BJVC since it can effectively preserve the structure and the anti-reflow function of valves in bovine jugular vein and it has better anti-calcification properties.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cattle ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; Jugular Veins ; Polymers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunogenicity of bovine jugular vein conduits (BJVCs) treated with different cross-linking methods. METHODS: The BJVCs were treated with glutaradehyde (GA), dye-mediated photooxidation (DMP) and polyepoxy compound (PC) (n = 10). The tissue homogenates obtained from BJVCs treated with PC, GA, DMP, and fresh BJVCs, were mixed with the complete Freand adjavant to form the emulsive antigen, which were used to immunize rabbits correspondently. The antibody concentrations to BJVCs in those rabbits' serum were measured by counter double immuno diffusion. The immunologic responses to the BJVCs in different groups were measured with Western blotting. RESULTS: The positive bands appeared when the sera of rabbits were immunized by fresh BJVCs reacted with antigens of fresh BJVCs, but no bands appeared when the sera of rabbits were immunized by fresh BJVCs reacted with those antigens of the BJVCs treated with GA, DMP, and PC in Western blotting. CONCLUSION The immunogenicity of BJVCs treated with PC, DMP, and GA can be reduced significantly and meet the clinical standard.
Animals ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cattle ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Glutaral ; pharmacology ; Jugular Veins ; immunology ; Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

This study was aimed to reveal how the swelling properties and release behavior of a model drug from pectin gel beads were influenced by its crosslinking with different metal ions. Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 was chosen as the model drug. Pectinate beads were prepared by the dropping method and crosslinked with Ca2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ba2+, respectively. The release behavior and swelling properties were investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences between the pectinate beads that were crosslinked with different ions. Pectinate gel beads, as a potential cell microencapsulation and drug vehicle, could be acquired for different release profile by crosslinking with different ions.
Calcium ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Ferric Compounds ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gels ; chemistry ; Metals ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Microspheres ; Pectins ; chemistry

This study was designed to creat a new method for detecting the degree of cross-linked allogenic tissue based on fluorescent technique. The thoracic aorta of New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups according to the concentration of Glutaraldehyde (GA), which were group A (control group-with no GA), group B (cross-linked with GA of 0.625%), group C (1.25%), and group D (2.5%). Each group was cross-linked with GA and reacted with 5-FAMSE, and then the fluorescence intensity was observed via fluorescence microscopy (analyzed with Image-Pro Plus 6.0, a professional image analysis software). The differences between groups in order of fluorescence intensity were found to be: group A > roup B > group C > group D (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the tissue proteins extracted from aorta in each group were submitted to conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PGE) after being cross-linked with GA; the result from this method was compared with that from the method of 5-FAMSE. In group A, the tissue proteins extracted from the aorta cross-linked with GA were obviously less than those not cross-linked with GA. However, this phenomenom was not clearly seen among the B, C and D groups. Nevertheless, 5-FAMSE can detect the degree of cross-linkage more conveniently and directly.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; drug effects ; transplantation ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; pharmacology ; Esters ; Female ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescence ; Glutaral ; pharmacology ; Male ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Rabbits

The bovine jugular veins were divided into two groups and treated with 4% EX-313 and 0.5% glutaraldehyde respectively, and then they were examined with naked-eye, microscope and scanning electron microscope. Biomechnics test and dorsal implantation in rats were performed. The aquired data were processed and subjected to t-test. The EX-313 fixed material was more pliable than the glutaraldehyde treated material, and the former had higher anticalcification than the latter. In conclusion, the hydrophilia crosslinking agent EX-313 is superior to glutaraldehyde in treating biomaterials, and the bovine jugular vein tanned with EX-313 should be a promising material for repairing in cardiovascular surgery.
Animals ; Bioprosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Cattle ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; pharmacology ; Glutaral ; pharmacology ; Jugular Veins ; drug effects ; Materials Testing ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Engineering

Bovine pericardium is mainly composed of collagen which has many good properties of extracellular matrix. This in vitro study was performed to quantitatively investigate and compare the degradation behavior of the bovine pericardial, which were modified with different methods. The purpose is to find out one method that presents not only the degradation regularity of material but also minimum antigenicity, so that bovine pericardium can be used as a well degradable guide tissue regeneration material. The results of the experiments showed that the bovine pericardium treated with ethanol is more appreciated than that treated with epoxy cross-linking agent or glutaraldehyde. The mensuration of protein and special amino acid may be a useful base of constructing a mathematic model for further researches on the rate of degradation of bovine pericardium.
Animals ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Bioprosthesis ; Cattle ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hydroxyproline ; analysis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Pericardium ; chemistry ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Prosthesis Design ; Proteins ; analysis ; Surface Properties

Arsenic trioxide albumin microspheres (As2O3-BSA-NS) were prepared by using methods of chemical cross-linking. The desirability function (DF), calculated according to the size (<1 microm) distribution, drug loading and drug trapping efficiency, was introduced as a total index for the microspheres formulation. Four factors, inculding W/O ratio, decentralization speed, BSA concentration and stirring stabilization time, were selected and arranged in an orthogonal experimental table. The release characteristic was studied by the drug release experiment in vitro. The four factors affected DF differently. Decentralization speed behaved as the maximum (P<0.01), followed by BSA concentration (P<0.05) and the W/O ratio dose (P<0.05). Stirring stabilization time did not influence DF (P>0.05). The release experiment in vitro showed that As2O3 in As2O3-BSA-NS was released more slower than pure As2O3. It was concluded that regular As2O3-BSA-NS may be prepared by the methods of chemical cross-linking, which was optimized by orthogonal experimental analysis of different factors, and the microspheres can release As2O3 slowly.
Arsenicals/*chemistry ; Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Carriers/*chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Microspheres ; Oxides/*chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/*chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

This study was intended to investigate the crosslinking characteristics of a new crosslinking agent-oxidized sodium alginate (ADA), which might provide an ideal biological crosslinking reagent for the construction of soft tissue bioprostheses. Glutaraldehyde and genipin, which have been typically used in developing bioprostheses, were used as controls. The porcine aortas were treated by these three crosslinking agents for 15 min to 72 h and the fixation index was determined. Subsequently, the mechanical property and cytocompatibility of fixed tissues were also tested. The results indicated that fixed tissues by ADA were comparable as glutaraldehyde and superior to genipin controls in fixative efficiency. It was also found that tissues fixed by ADA were comparable as genipin and superior to glutaraldehyde controls in cytocompatibility and were similar to natural tissues in mechanical property. The results of in vitro study demonstrated that ADA could be a promising crosslinking reagent for biological tissue fixation.
Alginates ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; metabolism ; Biocompatible Materials ; metabolism ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Glucuronic Acid ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hexuronic Acids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Swine ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Fixation ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of blocking pannexin-1 against acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin. METHODS: Twenty-six male C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group, cisplatin model (Cis) group and cisplatin + carbenoxolone treatment group (Cis + CBX). In Cis group and Cis + CBX group, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with 20 mg/kg of cisplatin and with CBX (20 mg/kg) at 30 min before and 24 and 48 h after cisplatin inhjection, respectively. All the mice were sacrificed at 72 h after cisplatin injection, and plasma and kidney samples were collected for testing mRNA and protein expression levels of pannexin-1 in the renal tissue using RT-qPCR and Western blotting and for detecting plasma creatinine and BUN levels; the pathological changes in the renal tissues were observed using Periodic Acid-Schiff staining. The expression of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) was examined using immunohistochemistry and the mRNA expressions of KIM-1 and neutrophil gelatinase- related lipid transport protein (NGAL) were detected by RT-qPCR to evaluate the injuries of the renal tubules. The infiltration of F4/80-positive macrophages and CD4-positive T cells were observed by immunofluorescence. In the experiment, human proximal tubule epithelial cell line HK-2 was stimulated with 50 μmol/L cisplatin to establish a cell model of acute kidney injury, and the mRNA and protein expressions of pannexin-1 were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting at 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after the stimulation. RESULTS: Compared with the control mice, the cisplatin-treated mice showed significantly up-regulated protein levels ( < 0.05) and mRNA levels ( < 0.005) of pannexin-1 in the kidney tissue. Cisplatin stimulation also caused significant increases in the protein levels ( < 0.005) and mRNA levels ( < 0.005) of pannexin-1 in cultured HK-2 cells. Compared with cisplatin-treated mice, the mice treated with both cisplatin and the pannexin-1 inhibitor CBX showed obviously lessened kidney pathologies and milder renal tubular injuries with significantly reduced plasma BUN and Scr levels ( < 0.01), expressions of KIM-1 and NGAL in the kidney ( < 0.05), and infiltration of F4/80-positive macrophages ( < 0.01) and CD4- positive T cells ( < 0.05) in the kidney tissues. CONCLUSIONS In cisplatin induced acute kidney injury mice model, Pannexin-1 expression is up-regulated in the kidneys tissue, and blocking pannexin-1 alleviates the acute kidney injury reducing renal inflammatory cell infiltration.
Acute Kidney Injury ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Animals ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Connexins ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Tubules ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Random Allocation