Infection is still the major cause of death in severe burn patients, thus the optimization of antibiotic therapy is an important approach to the annihilation of pathogenic bacteria and the decrease of drug-resistance bacteria. It is urgent for burn surgeons to face the selection pressure of antibiotics and the fungous infections following the incorrect use of antibiotics. Regardless of its complexity, the treatment of sepsis associated with post-burn bacterial infections should be systematical. Besides the effective anti-shock therapy, early enteral feeding, excision of necrotic tissues, and effective anti-infection treatment, the immunological regulation and the prevention and cure of coagulation disorders are necessary in the treatment of severely burned patients.
Burns ; microbiology ; Cross Infection ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Mycoses ; prevention & control

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) enterocolitis is characterized by high fever, abdominal distension, and watery diarrhea that leads to severe dehydration, shock, a sharp decrease in the white cell counts and sometimes multiple organ failure. Clinically, it can be an another cause of nosocomial diarrhea. If MRSA enteritis is suspected from the clinical symptoms, prompt treatment and strict prophylactic measures including vancomycin, are most important for its management. We recently observed a case of MRSA enterocolitis as a nosocomial infection in a patient with acute pancreatitis. This patient showed uncontrolled massive diarrhea, fever, and multiple organ failure. We report a case of MRSA enterocolitis with a review of literatures.
Cross Infection/diagnosis/*microbiology ; Diarrhea/etiology/*microbiology ; Enterocolitis/complications/diagnosis/*microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; *Methicillin Resistance ; Middle Aged ; *Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis

No abstract available.
Bacteremia/*microbiology ; Cross Infection/*microbiology ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/*microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Providencia/*isolation & purification ; *Tertiary Care Centers

China ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections ; Escherichia coli Infections ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Wound Infection ; microbiology

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is common among hospital-acquired bacterial diarrhea, its mortality and morbidity show an increasing trend in recent years. Improper antimicrobial drug use is one of the key reasons. Adequate hand hygiene of healthcare workers, thorough disinfection of hospital environment, and appropriate isolation of patients are effective measures to prevent the outbreak of hospital-aquired CDAD.
Clostridium difficile ; physiology ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Diarrhea ; microbiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; microbiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infection Control

There are many criteria for the diagnosis of infection and sepsis in most patients, but the standardized definitions for infection and sepsis in burn patients are less applicable to the burn population and have never been developed. We recommend that suspicious systemic infection (sepsis) should be considered as a clinical syndrome defined by the presence of signs and symptoms of systemic infection even with negative blood microbial culture, systemic infection should be identified with positive blood microbial culture or clinical response to antimicrobials. We also expand the list of diagnostic criteria for systemic infection to reflect clinical experience in burn patients. Further refinement will be necessary when these definitions are considered for routine application in clinical practice.
Burns ; microbiology ; Cross Infection ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Reference Standards ; Sepsis ; diagnosis ; Terminology as Topic

Cross Infection ; microbiology ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Child ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics

Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; Dental Instruments ; microbiology ; Equipment Contamination ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Sterilization

To characterize rotavirus G and P genotypes circulating among infants and young children hospitalized with severe diarrhea in a university hospital in Gyeonggi province, Korea, and to examine any association of the genotypes and nosocomial infections, we genotyped 103 isolates of rotavirus by multiplex RT-PCR. In July 2001-June 2002, we found that globally common strains constituted 64.2% (G2P[4] 28.3%, G3P[8] 28.3%, G4P[8] 5.7%, and G1P[8] 1.9%), and the uncommon strain, G4P[6], constituted 26.4%. During July 2002-June 2003, the percentage of common strains decreased to 44.0% (G3P[8] 18.0%, G2P[4] 16.8%, and G1P[8] 10.0%), but G4P[6] increased to 36.0%. G9P[8] was identified in 10.0% of cases, and thus can be considered an emerging strain in Korea. Eight-eight percent of G4P[6] was isolated from newborn babies. Among the 103 patients, there was an evidence of nosocomial rotavirus infection in 23 children (22.3%). Of these, 19 (82.6%) were newborns infected with G4P[6] strains of rotavirus. Most of the children who acquired rotavirus infection nosocomially showed symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting, fever, poor sucking, or dehydration, regardless of the genotype. This study revealed that G4P[6] has been the major genotype causing nosocomial rotavirus infection in our hospital.
Rotavirus Infections/classification/*microbiology ; Rotavirus/*classification/*genetics ; Male ; Infant ; Humans ; Genotype ; Feces/microbiology ; Diarrhea/*microbiology ; Cross Infection/classification/*microbiology ; Child, Preschool