Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans

Infection is still the major cause of death in severe burn patients, thus the optimization of antibiotic therapy is an important approach to the annihilation of pathogenic bacteria and the decrease of drug-resistance bacteria. It is urgent for burn surgeons to face the selection pressure of antibiotics and the fungous infections following the incorrect use of antibiotics. Regardless of its complexity, the treatment of sepsis associated with post-burn bacterial infections should be systematical. Besides the effective anti-shock therapy, early enteral feeding, excision of necrotic tissues, and effective anti-infection treatment, the immunological regulation and the prevention and cure of coagulation disorders are necessary in the treatment of severely burned patients.
Burns ; microbiology ; Cross Infection ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Mycoses ; prevention & control

Academic Dissertations as Topic ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Infection Control

Nosocomial infection is a major challenge in modern hospital management. It affects not only patient safety but also the health of the health care workers. Inappropriate control of nosocomial infections will lead to serious results. China introduced the concept of nosocomial infection control in mid 1980s. Since then, tremendous achievements have been made, while lags still exist when compared with the developed countries. Further efforts should be made to strengthen discipline construction and develop scientific control approaches.
China ; Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infection Control

PURPOSE: Nosocomial infection is a major threat to the health care system and patient welfare. After the pandemic, new protocols were established in hospitals and communities to protect against the transmission of COVID-19, which may have changed the incidence of nosocomial transmission. This study was conducted to compare the incidence of nosocomial infection before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study performed on trauma patients who were admitted, from May 22, 2018 to November 22, 2021, to the largest level-1 trauma center in Shiraz, Iran (Shahid Rajaei Trauma Hospital). All the trauma patients over 15 years old admitted during the study time were included in this study. Individuals who were declared dead upon arrival were excluded. Patients were evaluated in 2 periods: before the pandemic (May 22, 2018 - February 19, 2020) and after the pandemic (February 19, 2020 - November 22, 2021). Patients were assessed based on demographic information (age, gender, length of hospital stay, and patient outcome), the occurrence of hospital infection, and the type of infection. The analysis was done using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: Overall, 60,561 patients were admitted, with a mean age of 40 years. Nosocomial infection was diagnosed in 4.00% (n = 2423) of all admitted patients. The incidence rate of post-COVID-19 hospital-acquired infections decreased by 16.28% (p < 0.001) when compared to before the pandemic; in contrast, surgical site infection (p < 0.001) and urinary tract infection (p = 0.043) were responsible for this change, while hospital-acquired pneumonia (p = 0.568) and bloodstream infection (p = 0.156) were not significantly different. Overall mortality was 1.79%, while 28.52% of all patients with nosocomial infections died. During the pandemic, there was a 25.78% increase (p < 0.001) in the overall incidence rate of mortality, which was also observed among patients with nosocomial infections (17.84%). CONCLUSION The incidence of nosocomial infection has decreased during the pandemic, possibly due to the use of more personal protective equipment and modified protocols after the outbreak. This also explains the difference in the change in incidence rates of nosocomial infection subtypes.
Humans ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Cross Infection/prevention & control* ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19/epidemiology* ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Prospective Studies ; Infection Control

Cross Infection ; prevention & control ; Dental Instruments ; microbiology ; Equipment Contamination ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Sterilization

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is common among hospital-acquired bacterial diarrhea, its mortality and morbidity show an increasing trend in recent years. Improper antimicrobial drug use is one of the key reasons. Adequate hand hygiene of healthcare workers, thorough disinfection of hospital environment, and appropriate isolation of patients are effective measures to prevent the outbreak of hospital-aquired CDAD.
Clostridium difficile ; physiology ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Diarrhea ; microbiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous ; microbiology ; mortality ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infection Control

Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in human beings and frequently cause the outbreaks of nosocomial infections. Based on the pathogenic characteristics of noroviruses, this article describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak in hospital and explores the measures to prevent and control the nosocomial outbreak.
Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Gastroenteritis ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Norovirus ; physiology

Intensive care unit (ICU) is a place with high risk of nosocomial infections. Effective control of nosocomial infections in ICU brings both social and economic benefits. This article summarizes ten main points in the control strategy of ICU infections.
Cross Infection ; economics ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infection Control ; economics ; Intensive Care Units ; economics ; statistics & numerical data

Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; nursing ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disinfection ; Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; nursing ; prevention & control