In recent fifty years, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were continuously the predominant in burn infections, the only change seen was a rapid increase in their drug-resistance. Under the pressure of antibiotics, Some opportunistic bacteria that were resistant to all available antibiotics emerged, such as Acinetobacter baumanii and Maltophilia stenotrophomonas. For critically burn patients, basing on early surgical intervention, early and short-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotic is advisable, and it may control the infection promptly, prevent further inflammatory reaction, as well as minimize the emergence of antibacterial resistance. To control infections due to pandrug-resistant bacteria, cyclic use of some old antibiotics may be helpful. In dealing with severe infection, a combination of anti-pathogen and anti-inflammatory reaction measures should be considered.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Burns ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Sepsis ; prevention & control

No abstract available.
Acinetobacter/*isolation & purification ; Acinetobacter Infections/*drug therapy/*microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Cross Infection/*microbiology/*therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial/*drug therapy/*microbiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/*drug therapy/*microbiology ; Staphylococcus/*isolation & purification

Birth Weight ; Cross Infection ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Sepsis ; complications ; drug therapy ; microbiology

BACKGROUNDIt is important to achieve the definitive pathogen identification in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), but the traditional culture results always delay the target antibiotic therapy. We assessed the method called quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP) as a new implement for steering of the antibiotic decision-making in HAP.

METHODSTotally, 76 respiratory tract aspiration samples were prospectively collected from 60 HAP patients. DNA was isolated from these samples. Specific DNA fragments for identifying 11 pneumonia-related bacteria were amplified by qLAMP assay. Culture results of these patients were compared with the qLAMP results. Clinical data and treatment strategies were analyzed to evaluate the effects of qLAMP results on clinical data. McNemar test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Acinetobacter baumannii by qLAMP was consistent with sputum culture (P > 0.05). The qLAMP results of 4 samples for Haemophilus influenzae, Legionella pneumophila, or Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) were inconsistent with culture results; however, clinical data revealed that the qLAMP results were all reliable except 1 MP positive sample due to the lack of specific species identified in the final diagnosis. The improvement of clinical condition was more significant (P < 0.001) in patients with pathogen target-driven therapy based on qLAMP results than those with empirical therapy.

CONCLUSIONqLAMP is a more promising method for detection of pathogens in an early, rapid, sensitive, and specific manner than culture.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Pilot Projects ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; pathogenicity

Cross Infection ; microbiology ; therapy ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal ; Fungi ; classification ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Mycoses ; microbiology ; therapy ; Patient Care Management ; methods ; Singapore

Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a critical issue affecting the quality of healthcare. In this study, we performed a retrospective study to explore the incidence rates, mortality rates, and microbial spectrum of NIs in Beijing Chest Hospital, a tuberculosis (TB) specialized hospital in China. Our data demonstrate that the overall incidence rate of inpatients with NIs slightly decreased from 2012 to 2016, which may be associated with the implementation of hand hygiene measures, while the mortality rates associated with NI did not significantly change. In addition, the species distribution of NIs was quite different from that presented in previous reports, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated microorganism.
Bacteria ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Beijing ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; mortality ; Hospitals, Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Population Surveillance ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; therapy

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross Infection ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Pneumonia ; microbiology ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; chemically induced ; therapy

PURPOSETo investigate and analyze the clinical and etiological characteristics of community-acquired intraabdominal infections (CIAIs) and hospital-acquired or nosocomial intraabdominal infections (NIAIs) in a comprehensive hospital, to understand the characteristics, pathogen composition, and drug resistance of CIAIs as well as NIAIs, and to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

METHODSWe collected the clinical data of patients with intraabdominal infections admitted to our hospital from June 2013 to June 2014. In vitro drug sensitivity tests were conducted to separate pathogens, and the data were analyzed using the WHONET 5.4 software and SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSA total of 221 patients were enrolled in the study, including 144 with CIAIs (55 mild-moderate and 89 severe) and 77 with NIAIs. We isolated 322 pathogenic strains, including 234 strains of gram-negative bacteria, 82 strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 6 strains of fungi. Based on clinical features, NIAIs and severe CIAIs presented significantly higher values in age, length of hospital stay, mortality, and the incidence of severe intra-abdominal infection than mild-moderate CIAIs (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the prognosis between NIAIs and severe CIAIs. Primary diseases leading to CIAIs and NIAIs mostly were hepatobiliary diseases and gastrointestinal diseases respectively. Bacteria isolated from various types of IAIs mainly were Enterobacteriaceae; mild-moderate CIAIs mostly were mono-infection of gram-negative bacteria; NIAIs mostly were mixed infections of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria; and severe CIAIs were from either type of infection. The rate of Extended Spectrum b-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was much higher in NIAIs than in CIAIs (p < 0.05). The antimicrobial drug sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria isolated from NIAIs was significantly lower than that of CIAIs.

CONCLUSIONCIAIs and NIAIs have their own unique clinical features and epidemiological features of pathogens which should be considered during the initial empiric therapy for the rational use of antimicrobial drugs. Regional IAIs pathogenic bacteria have their own features in drug resistance, slightly different from some recommendations of 2010 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines.

Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Intraabdominal Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; microbiology ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nutritional status and nosocomial infection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before and after the chemoradiotherapy treatment. METHOD: An analysis was made for the nutritional and nosocomial infection status of 82 cases before and after chemoradiotherapy treatment. RESULT: Statistically significant differences were revealed between indexes related with nutritional status such as body mass, hemoglobin, serum albumin before and after the treatment. Sixty-three patients occurred nosocomial infection. The infection rate was 76.83%. The main risk factor was oropharynx mucosal lesion and the rate is 92.68%. Isolates of 39 bacteria were found, of which Gram-negative organisms were 58.97%, Fungi were 30.77%, Gram-positive ones were 7.69%, Herpes zoster were 2.56%. CONCLUSION Chemoradiotherapy has negative influence on nutritional status of patients. Medical personnel should pay attention to patients' nutritional status and do a good job of nutritional status monitoring, nutrition support, dieting guidance, reducing side effects, in order to improve the patient's tolerability and quality of life. The nosocomial infection rate of Gram-negative bacteria of oropharyngeal mucosal is the highest in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer during chemoradiotherapy. It is very important for us to prevent and control nosocomial infection.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; radiotherapy ; Nutritional Status ; Risk Factors