Purpose: Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex.Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I2 ). Results: A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I2 =75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I2 =52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I2 =89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I2 =0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. Conclusions Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population.

Purpose: Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex.Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I2 ). Results: A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I2 =75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I2 =52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I2 =89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I2 =0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. Conclusions Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population.

Purpose: Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex.Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I2 ). Results: A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I2 =75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I2 =52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I2 =89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I2 =0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. Conclusions Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population.

Purpose: Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex.Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I2 ). Results: A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I2 =75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I2 =52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I2 =89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I2 =0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. Conclusions Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population.

Purpose: Our objective was to synthesize and determine whether there are sex differences in physical function following exercise interventions in older adults. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in four databases from inception to July 8th, 2023 searching for prospective trials that conducted exercise interventions in older adults and results for physical function were reported by sex.Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a randomeffects method. The Sidik-Jonkman estimator was used to calculate the variance of heterogeneity (I2 ). Results: A total of 19 studies involving 20,133 older adults (mean age ≥60 years, 33.7% female) were included. After exercise interventions, males reported significantly greater pre-post changes compared to females for upper body strength (SMD=-0.40, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.09; I2 =75.6%; n=8), lower body strength (SMD=-0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.10; I2 =52.0%; n=11), and cardiorespiratory fitness (SMD=-0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.10; I2 =89.1%; n=12). Conversely, the pooled SMDs showed a significant effect favoring females for motor fitness (SMD=0.21, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.39; I2 =0%; n=7). Limited and inconsistent results were observed for flexibility. Conclusions Our study suggests the existence of sex-related differences on physical function after an exercise intervention in the older population.

Stroke is a complex disease and one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among the adult population. A huge variety of factors is known to influence patient outcome, including demographic variables, comorbidities or genetics. In this review, we expound what is known about the influence of clinical variables and related genetic risk factors on ischemic stroke outcome, focusing on acute and subacute outcome (within 24 to 48 hours after stroke and until day 10, respectively), as they are the first indicators of stroke damage. We searched the PubMed data base for articles that investigated the interaction between clinical variables or genetic factors and acute or subacute stroke outcome. A total of 61 studies were finally included in this review. Regarding the data collected, the variables consistently associated with acute stroke outcome are: glucose levels, blood pressure, presence of atrial fibrillation, prior statin treatment, stroke severity, type of acute treatment performed, severe neurological complications, leukocyte levels, and genetic risk factors. Further research and international efforts are required in this field, which should include genome-wide association studies.
Adult ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Blood Pressure ; Comorbidity ; Genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Leukocytes ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Stroke