PURPOSE: To determine the accuracy of knee examination under anesthesia (EUA) and develop a prognostic score for partial anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 229 patients with an ACL injury were included. Knee EUA was performed using the Lachman test, pivot shift test and arthrometric maximum manual side-to-side difference (AMMD) test. The arthroscopic examination is the gold standard for the diagnosis of partial and complete ACL tears, which was compared with EUA findings. Multivariate logistic regression was estimated, and the significant variables were used to develop a predictive score. RESULTS: The relative risk for a complete tear with Lachman 2+ was 8.55 (range, 3.5 to 20.7) and 53.04 (range, 6.7 to 417) with Lachman 3+, compared to Lachman 1+. Negative pivot shift was reported in 23 cases in the partial tear group (76.7%) and in 22 in the complete tear group (11.1%). The AMMD was 3.5 mm in the partial tear group and 5.4 mm in the complete tear group (p < 0.05). A prognostic score of less than five suggested the presence of a partial ACL tear. The score showed 81.1% sensitivity and 68.7% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Partial ACL tears can be differentiated from complete tears with Lachman test, pivot shift test, and AMMD test.
Anesthesia ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee ; Logistic Models ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tears

AIMTo assess the role of several genetic factors in combination with an environmental factor as modulators of prostate cancer risk. We focus on allele variants of low-penetrance genes associated with cell control, the detoxification processes and smoking.

METHODSIn a case-control study we compared people carrying p53cd72 Pro allele, CYP1A1 M1 allele and GSTM1 null genotypes with their prostate cancer risk.

RESULTSThe joint risk for smokers carrying Pro* and M1*, Pro* and GSTM1null or GSTM1 null and CYP1A1 M1* variants was significantly higher (odds ratio [OR]: 13.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41-71.36; OR: 3.97, 95% CI: 1.13-13.95 and OR: 6.87, 95% CI: 1.68-27.97, respectively) compared with that for the reference group, and for non-smokers was not significant. OR for combinations among p53cd72, GSTM1 and CYP1A1 M1 in smokers were positively and significantly associated with prostate cancer risk compared with non-smokers and compared with the putative lowest risk group (OR: 8.87, 95% CI: 1.25-62.71).

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that a combination of p53cd72, CYP1A1, GSTM1 alleles and smoking plays a significant role in modified prostate cancer risk on the study population, which means that smokers carrying susceptible genotypes might have a significantly higher risk than those carrying non-susceptible genotypes.

Aged ; Confidence Intervals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Genes, p53 ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Glutathione Transferase ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Risk Factors ; Smoking