Behavioral Research ; trends ; Child ; Child Abuse ; psychology ; China ; Crime Victims ; psychology ; Humans

PURPOSE: This study was to explore health experiences of victims of sexual violence reflected in Newman's health as expanding consciousness theory. METHOD: Nurse as researcher use Newman's praxis methodology because it is good for showing the process of interaction between researcher and sexual abuse victims. RESULTS: The significant characteristics of early health experiences during negative situations were a lot of suffering. However, after a turning point in health experience, the health experiences of most of the participants evolved as expanding consciousness. CONCLUSION: The study has provided support for Newman's theory of health. Most of the participants recognised meanings in their patterns and trustful caring relationships with the nurse as researcher. Pattern recognition as a nursing practice was a meaningful transforming process in the participant-nurse partnership.
Adolescent ; Adult ; *Attitude to Health ; *Consciousness ; Crime Victims/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Models, Psychological ; Nurse-Patient Relations ; Sex Offenses/*psychology

OBJECTIVETo examine relationships between weight status and different forms of bullying victimization among adolescents aged 11-18 years.

METHODSThe relationships between weight status and bullying victimization (physical, verbal, and relational) were examined utilizing data from the Guangdong Provincial Youth Health Behavior Survey. Data on height, weight, and victimization behaviors were collected by self-reporting from 12 439 subjects. , test and logistic regression were used to analyze relationships between weight and bullying victimization.

RESULTSThe incidence of victimization for adolescents aged 11-18 years was 8.6%, with higher rates for boys (12.4%) than for girls (4.7%). For children with normal, overweight and obese body mass index (BMI), the incidence rates of victimization were 8.2%, 17.3%, and 11.5%, respectively. Compared to normal weight, overweight was a risk factor for bullying victimization(OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.18-2.17), and it also increased children's risk of being teased in a hurtful way (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.41-3.24) and being made fun of due to physical appearance (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 2.27-5.67). Obesity only increased the risk for children of being made fun of due to physical appearance (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.44-4.15).

CONCLUSIONSThe victimization for children at school is common in Guangdong province, China. Overweight and obese children are more likely to be victims of bullying behaviors, especially verbal victimization.

Adolescent ; Body Weight ; Child ; China ; Crime Victims ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; psychology ; Psychology, Adolescent

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of female sexual subjectivity. METHODS: Walker and Avant's concept analysis process was used to analyze 27 studies from the current literature that relates to female sexual subjectivity. A systematic literature review of women's study in sociology, psychology, theology, law, health science, and nursing was reviewed. RESULTS: The defining attributes of female sexual subjectivity were sexual self-awareness, sexual decision making, sexual desire, and good sexual communication with partner. The antecedents of female sexual subjectivity were social environment, sexual education, sexual experience, and interpersonal relationship. The consequences of female sexual subjectivity were safe sex, prevention of sexual victimization, and sexual satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Female sexual subjectivity is defined as sexual self-awareness, sexual decision making, sexual desire to seek sexual pleasure and safety, and effective communication with partner in terms of sexual behavior, sexual experience and sexual health. Based on these results, a scale measuring female sexual subjectivity is needed.
Crime Victims ; Decision Making ; Education ; Female* ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Methods* ; Nursing ; Orgasm ; Pleasure ; Psychology ; Reproductive Health ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Social Environment ; Sociology ; Theology ; Walkers*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the main factors that most influence the psychiatrists in the process of assessing the capacity for criminal for perpetrators of homicide. METHODS: 105 homicide cases were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The number of cases for no responsibility, reduced responsibility and full responsibility is 41 (39.0%), 28 (26.7%) and 36 (34.3%) respectively. The assessment of capability for criminal responsibility was significantly correlated with three major factors, they are: whether the homicide was driven by psychopathological factors (Gamma = 0.906, P = 0.000), whether the perpetrator was suffering a severe mental disorders (Gamma = 0.761, P = 0.000) and, whether the victim is the perpetrator's family member or relative (Gamma = 0.412, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Forensic psychiatrists take three major aspects into account in their process in assessing capacity for criminal responsibility, in a descending order, they are: was the homicide driven by pathological motivation? Was the perpetrator suffering from a severe mental disorder? Was the victim a family member or stranger?
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Crime Victims ; Expert Testimony/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Female ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Homicide/psychology* ; Humans ; Liability, Legal ; Male ; Mental Disorders/psychology* ; Middle Aged ; Personality Disorders/psychology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study different viewpoints to the conclusion and treatment, And the following up factors concerning social effect after the judgment of forensic psychiatry. METHODS: By letters, calls, visits and by investigation forms made by myself, 208 testimonied cases were followed up separately from judicial organ or other organizations and institutes, individuals testimonied or their family members, victims and their family members. RESULTS: Most testimonied individuals were married man of 30 years old or so whose average education were 4.84 years and testimonied by the public security organs. In criminal cases, violental criminals (129 cases, 83.77%) were much more than non-violental criminals (25 cases, 16.23%) and homicide criminals (44 cases, 28.57%) were most common in the former but civil cases were few. The rate of retstinvony was 2.93%. The testimonied individuals and their family members thought the condemn were appropriate (76.47%) for the people without criminal capacity and thought the condemn were appropriate (41.94%) or not appropriate (41.94%) for the people with criminal capacity. The opinions of the condemn for partial criminal capacity were between the former two cases. And they thought the condemn for 28 cases of non-guilty were appropriate (71.43%) and not appropriate (10.7%). 7 victims were dead. 10 victims were crippled. 10 victims restored to health. In 41 persons testimonied and set free with a verdict of "not guilty", 4 homicided again (4.87%), 2 set on fire (4.87%), 2 stealed (4.87%) and 3 had wrecked behavior (7.31%). CONCLUSION So it is suggested that the department concerned should keep criminals with mental disorder under control and treatment.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Crime ; Crime Victims ; Expert Testimony ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forensic Psychiatry/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Liability, Legal ; Male ; Mentally Ill Persons/psychology* ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study criminological characteristics of female violent criminal suspects who accepted forensic psychiatry assessment. METHODS: Information of the suspects involved in judicial appraisal between 2000 and 2009 were collected and analyzed according to our self-made scale. RESULTS: The age of 259 suspects were between 16 and 81 years old. There were 205 (79.2%) suspects who were younger than 45 years old. There were 225 (86.9%) suspects who were married. There were 14 different appraisal results: schizophrenia 47.1%, without psychosis 15.4%, depression 10.4% and others 27.1%. Irresponsibility involved with 59.5%, partial responsibility 18.5% and full responsibility 22.0%. Murder were 85.7%, arson 10.4%, inflicted injury 1.9% and robbery 1.9%. A total of 191 cases resulted in death, accounting for 82.3% of all cases. In 34.9% of all cases, the victims were male spouse of the suspects. Main weapons used in the crime were cutters and other working related tools (36.3%). There were 66.8% of all cases were with pathological motivation, 29.7% with reality motivation and 3.5% cases were with unknown motivation. CONCLUSION Female violent suspects in our cases often suffered from various kinds of mental diseases. Their motivations were pathological primarily. Most cases were intentional killing with family members as victim mainly. Major weapons used were daily working related tools.
Age Distribution ; Aggression/psychology* ; Crime/statistics & numerical data* ; Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data* ; Depression/psychology* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Educational Status ; Expert Testimony ; Female ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Mental Disorders/psychology* ; Motivation ; Retrospective Studies ; Violence/statistics & numerical data* ; Women/psychology*

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence and risk factors of campus violence and to provide evidence for preventing campus violence among college students.

METHODS5300 college students in two universities in a province of China were selected to participate in the study and were interviewed with questionnaires. Logistic regression was used for data analysis.

RESULTS(1) In total, 3910 useable questionnaires were gathered to show a response rate of 73.77%. 17.98% of the college students reported they had ever experienced campus violence in the last one year. 29.60% of the male students experienced campus violence so as 7.27% of the female students. The incidence of violence among male students was significantly higher than those of female students (chi2 = 329.89, P = 0.000). (2) Among male students who were victims of campus violence, the incidence rates of threat or blackmail, emotional abuse, physical assault, verbal sexual harassment, sexual assault were 18.03%, 13.97%, 10.77%, 0.85%, 0.48% respectively. Among female students who were victims of campus violence, the incidence rates were 3.64%, 5.84%, 1.38%, 1.33%, 1.13% respectively. The main source of the violence was from their schoolmates. (3) 10.40% of the male students reported they were perpetrators of campus violence in the last year, while 1.47% of the female students reported so. Schoolmates were the main subjects of their aggressive behaviors. (4) Among the college students who were victims of campus violence, logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking, drinking alcohol, frequently getting computer online were important risk factors. The OR values were 1.48, 2.96, 1.66 respectively. Among college students who were perpetrators of campus violence, the OR values were 2.92, 1.88, 2.09 respectively.

CONCLUSIONCampus violence among college students was serious, suggesting that intervention measures should be taken.

China ; epidemiology ; Crime Victims ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interpersonal Relations ; Interviews as Topic ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Peer Group ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Students ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities ; Violence ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the solved homicide cases taking place in Suzhou city and to find out the characteristics and commonness of them in order to analyze the key points of investigation at the scene. METHODS: The data of 483 solved homicide cases occurring from January 2006 to March 2010 in the city were analyzed. RESULTS: Most cases involved 1 victim and 1 suspect, with young male adults dominated. Most of them were non-local residents. The majority of suspects were intentional by passion due to quarrel and dispute. The most common weapons were sharp instruments generally carried by the suspects. Mechanical asphyxia and mechanical injury were the two most common causes of death in these cases. CONCLUSION The social characteristics of suspects, criminal motivation, injury instruments, distribution of injuries, cause of death, and manner of death in Suzhou showed similar general characteristics as the experience for detecting homicide cases in the future.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Asphyxia/mortality* ; Cause of Death ; Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data* ; Criminal Psychology ; Female ; Forensic Pathology ; Homicide/statistics & numerical data* ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Shock, Hemorrhagic/mortality* ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Weapons/statistics & numerical data* ; Wounds and Injuries/pathology*