Seven flavonoid compounds, kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (5), quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (6) and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (7), were isolated from the methanolic extract of leaves of Kalanchoe prolifera. Compounds 1-7 were isolated for first time from this plant. These compounds were evaluated their cytotoxic activity against P-388 murine leukimia cells in vitro. Among those compounds kaempferol (1) and quercetin (2) showed strongest cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ values of 4.45 ± 0.05 and 6.28 ± 0.02 µg/mL, respectively.
Crassulaceae ; Flavonoids ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kalanchoe* ; Methanol ; Plants ; Quercetin

Salidroside, one of the active components of Rhodiola plants, is a phenolic glycoside with significant biological activities. The investigation and development of alternative production approaches of salidroside is of high academic and application values due to the limited resource of Rhodiola plants, and from which the low yield of salidroside. This review summarized the research progress and perspective of the alternative production approaches of salidroside including both chemosynthetic and biosynthetic methods and pathways.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Crassulaceae ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; biosynthesis ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Phenols ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; biosynthesis ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry

AIMTo investigate the pharmacokinetics of hylotelephin in Beagle dogs and obtain the main pharmacokinetic parameters.

METHODSAn HPLC method with UV detection was developed to study the pharmacokinetics of hylotelephin in dogs by joining an internal standard (anthracene). Benzoyl chloride was used to the pre-column derivatization of hylotelephin and methanol-water (64:36) was used as the mobile phase. According to the 3P97 pharmacokinetic program, the main parameters were calculated.

RESULTSThe hylotelephin pharmacokinetics conforms to a two-compartment open model after a single iv dose of hylotelephin 10.6 or 21.3 mg x kg(-1) in Beagle dogs. The parameters of two groups were as follows: T(1/2) alpha were 2.3 and 2.1 min, T(1/2) beta were 1.9 and 2.0 h, K12 were 0. 12 and 0.11 min, K21 were 0.17 and 0.21 min, K10 were 0.011 and 0.0094 min, Vc were 0.54 and 0.54 L x kg(-1), AUC were 1.8 and 4.1 g x min x L(-1), CL were 0.0048 and 0.0056 L x kg(-1) x min(-1), MRT were 2.10 and 2.4 h, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe pharmacokinetics of hylotelephin after iv administration showed a rapid distribution and elimination process in Beagle dogs and was of first order kinetics.

Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Crassulaceae ; chemistry ; Dogs ; Female ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

The present study was conducted to explore the effect of light intensity on growth, bioactivity compounds accumulation and anti-oxidative activity of Sedum sarmentosum. The growth, yield, contents of total flavonoids, total phenolic, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, and antioxidant activities were assessed in S. sarmentosum under five light intensities, namely 100% full sunlight (G1), 77% full sunlight (G2), 60% full sunlight (G3), 38% full sunlight (G4), and 16% full sunlight (G5). The results showed that light intensity significantly affected the growth and the chemical compounds accumulation. With the decrease of light intensity, the maximum branch length and the average internode distance increased. G2 treatment greatly promoted the numbers of leaf layers and branches, and G3 treatment remarkably improved the yield. The highest total flavonoids and phenolic contents were obtained in G3 treatment. Meanwhile, the highest quercetin and isorhamnetin contents were obtained in G1 treatment. The difference of kaempferol content was not significant. In addition, based on DPPH, FTC and FRAP methods, the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts under G1 treatment were superior to the others. The results indicated that more than 60% full sunlight was the optimum light intensity condition to achieve high yield and quality of S. sarmentosum.
Antioxidants ; Flavonoids ; Phenols ; Plant Extracts ; Sedum

OBJECTIVETo isolate and identify the steroids in Sedum lineare.

METHODThe steroids were isolated by column chromatography, semi-preparative thin layer chromatography and related techniques, their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analyses.

RESULTSix steroids were isolated and identified as stigmast-7-en-3beta-ol (1), stigmast-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol (2), stigmast-5-en-3beta-ol-7-one (3), stigmast-5-en-3beta,7alpha-diol (4), stigmast-5-en-3beta,7beta-diol (5), beta-sitosterol (6).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Sedum ; chemistry ; Steroids ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo establish the quantitative analysis method of triterpene delta-amyrone in Sedum sarmentosum by HPLC-ELSD.

METHODThe Zorbax Sil Column was used and the mobile phase was dichloromethane-methanol (99:1). The flow rate was set at 0.5 mL x min(-1), the temperature of drift tube was set at 100 degrees C and the nebulizer nitrogen flow rate was 3.0 L x min(-1).

RESULTThe linear range of sigma-amyrone was 2.12-10.6 microg. The average recovery was 100.5%.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the method was reliable, simple and precise. It would be beneficial for the study of the quality control of S. sarmentosum.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Sedum ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intake, preference, and utilization of kimchi in female high school students. A questionnaire was used as the instrument of investigation. The subjects were 371 female high school students in Chonbuk province. More than 80% of the subjects had eaten 8 kinds of kimchies Korean cabbage kimchi, cubed radish kimchi, radish leaves kimchi, green onion kimchi, salted cucumber, watery radish kimchi, radish root & leaves kimchi, and Korean wild radish kimchi. The subjects living in urban areas ate more stalk of sweet potato kimchi and leaf mustard kimchi, however the subjects living in rural areas ate more sedum kimchi. The subjects in large families ate more leaf mustard kimchi and sedum kimchi. The preferred kinds of kimchi were radish kimchi, Korean cabbage kimchi, cubed radish kimchi, and cucumber radish kimchi. Seventy-four point four percent of the subjects liked kimchi, whereas 1.6% of them disliked it. The reason eating kimchi was 'custom'(59.0%), 'taste'(30.7%), 'nutrition'(4.3%), 'traditional flod'(2.7%), and 'parents advice'(2.7%). 38.4% of the subjects in urban area ate kimchi for taste whereas 25.0% of them in rural area did. They prefefrred 'well fermented', 'hot', and 'very pungent' kimchi. The preferred dishes made with kimchi were stir-fried rice with kimchi, kimchi stew, pan-fried kimchi, and rice with bean sprouts & kimchi.
Brassica ; Eating ; Female* ; Humans ; Ipomoea batatas ; Jeollabuk-do ; Mustard Plant ; Onions ; Raphanus ; Sedum ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To explore the effect of light intensity in cultivating environment on the hepetoprotective activity of Sedum sarmentosum, S. sarmentosum were planted under five water treatments for 60 days, namely 100% full sunlight(G1), 77% full sunlight(G2), 60% full sunlight(G3), 38% full sunlight(G4), and 16% full sunlight(G5) and CCl_4 drug-induced liver injury model in vitro was used. Cell viability, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were individually detected by MTT, PI single staining, and Annexin-V FITC/PI double staining assays. Additionally, ALT, AST and antioxidant index in supernatant were determined by colorimetry. And the relationship among the protective effects, chemical composition and antioxidant activity were also analyzed. The results showed that S. sarmentosum aqueous extract could significantly improve the HepG2 cell viability. Among the five S. sarmentosum groups, the cell viability of G1(100% full sunlight) treatment was the highest, and the cell apoptosis was the least. Meanwhile, the level of ALT, AST, and MDA in G1 was the lowest, but it achieved the highest level of SOD and GSH. Moderate light shading(60% full light) also improved the effect of protecting liver and reducing the enzyme. It was found that cell viability was positively correlated with ferricion reducing capacity. ALT activity was positively correlated with isorhamnetin content. Taken together, different light intensity had great influence on hepatoprotective effect of S. sarmentosum, which may be related to its antioxidant capacity. From the perspective of hepetoprotective activity, S. sarmentosum should be planted under full light.
Antioxidants ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Sedum ; Water

Radiotracer techniques were employed to characterize (65)Zn adsorption and desorption in root-cell-wall of hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) and non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE) species of Sedum alfredii Hance. The results indicated that at the end of a 30 min short time radioisotope loading period, comparable amounts of (65)Zn were accumulated in the roots of the two ecotypes Sedum alfredii, whereas 2.1-fold more (65)Zn remains in NHE root after 45-min desorption. At the end of 60 min uptake period, no difference of (65)Zn accumulation was observed in undesorbed root-cell-wall of Sedum alfredii. However, 3.0-fold more (65)Zn accumulated in desorbed root-cell-wall of NHE. Zn(2+) binding in root-cell-wall preparations of NHE was greater than that in HE under high Zn(2+) concentration. All these results suggested that root-cell-wall of the two ecotypes Sedum alfredii had the same ability to adsorb Zn(2+), whereas the desorption characteristics were different, and with most of (65)Zn binding on root of HE being available for loading into the xylem, as a result, more (65)Zn was translocated to the shoot.
Adsorption ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Cells, Cultured ; Kinetics ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Plant Roots ; cytology ; metabolism ; Sedum ; cytology ; metabolism ; Zinc ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical characteristics and precautionary measures of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) caused by Sedum aizoon.

METHODThe VOD induced by Sedum aizoon were reports in 41 patients comimg from national medical journals from 1998 to 2007 and their use and dose were analyzed.

RESULTThe results shows that ADR of Sedum aizoon was serious. VOD has relationship with it, s dose use time the age of the patients and individual difference.

CONCLUSIONTo avoid of VOD induced by Sedum aizoon, it should be done through strengthening study on pharmacology and toxicology of Sedum aizoon. Enhancing patients of safety awareness, standardizing usage and dosage to guide the clinically rational use of drugs.

Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sedum ; chemistry