No abstract available.
Cranial Nerves* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Cranial Nerves* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Bionics ; Cranial Nerves

Ultrasound of cranial nerves is a novel subdomain of neuromuscular ultrasound (NMUS) which may provide additional value in the assessment of cranial nerves in different neuromuscular disorders. Whilst NMUS of peripheral nerves has been studied, NMUS of cranial nerves is considered in its initial stage of research, thus, there is a need to summarize the research results achieved to date. Detailed scanning protocols, which assist in mastery of the techniques, are briefly mentioned in the few reference textbooks available in the field. This review article focuses on ultrasound scanning techniques of the 4 accessible cranial nerves: optic, facial, vagus and spinal accessory nerves. The relevant literatures and potential future applications are discussed.
Accessory Nerve ; Cranial Nerves* ; Peripheral Nerves ; Ultrasonography*

Schwannoma is a benign, solitary, and slow growing tumor which may arise from the nerve sheath of the peripheral, sympathetic, and cranial nerves. Ancient schwannoma is a rare variant of schwannoma with atypical tumor cells with nuclear pleomorphism and hyperchromatism. It may be confused with a malignant mesenchymal tumor or schwannoma with malignant transformation. We report a case of an ancient schwannoma being adjacent to the transverse process of the fourth cervical spine.
Cranial Nerves ; Neurilemmoma* ; Spinal Nerves* ; Spine

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Brain Injuries* ; Cranial Nerve Injuries* ; Cranial Nerves* ; Humans

With large CPA tumors, the goal of surgery is safe total removal of the tumors and preservation of nearby neural structures. Although the suboccipital approach can be made for large CPA tumors, combined approach is more preferable method for the wide exposure of the CPA including brain stem and the lower cranial nerves. We have recently experienced favorable results by combined approach. Total removal of large tumors were obtained by these approaches. The authors present surgical points of view and a brief review of literature.
Brain Stem ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Cranial Nerves

Segmentally distributed cutaneous eruptions along with sensory change and pain are frequently seen in herpes zoster. Occasionally it affects motor nerves in the segments corresponding to the involved sensory dermatomes, causing a flaccid paralysis. Motor weakness following herpes zoster infection has been well documented, with about half of the cases involving the cranial nerves and the other half involving the extremities. Interestingly, myotomal paresis involving the thoracic segment is unusual. We report a case of segmental herpes zoster paralysis presenting as an abdominal protrusion.
Cranial Nerves ; Extremities ; Herpes Zoster* ; Paralysis ; Paresis

Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia is characterized by hyperostosis of craniofacial bones, with compression of cranial nerves at the foramina, and by changes in the metaphyses of long bones. The changes in long bones resemble to some degree those seen in pyle's disease, but have cretain differences and significant cranial abnormalities with which differential diagnosis could be made with certainty. An interesting and unusual patient diagnosed Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia was recently experienced by authors. The case report with brief review of literstures in presented.
Cranial Nerves ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyperostosis

Cranial Nerves ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Nervous System Malformations