Effects of HPCD and PVP in transdermal delivery systems prepared by combination of Eudragit E100, medium chain triglyceride and isopropyl alcohol on DHEA skin permeation properties were studied. The results were shown that HPCD and PVP have good effects both in permeation properties of DHEA in vitro through pig’s ear stratum corneum and the release properties of DHEA to skin surface. The highest permeation rate reported was about 3.88 mg/cm2.h that indicated the ability of using the patches as a dosage form for administration of DHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone ; Cosmetic Techniques ; pharmacy

BACKGROUND: The technique of delayed-immediate breast reconstruction includes immediate insertion of a tissue expander, post-mastectomy radiation, followed by reconstruction. The aesthetic benefits of delayed-immediate reconstruction compared to delayed reconstruction are postulated but remain unproven. The purpose of this study was to compare aesthetic outcomes in patients following delayed and delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients who underwent delayed or delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction by the senior author from 2005 to 2011. Postoperative photographs were used to evaluate aesthetic outcomes: skin quality, scar formation, superior pole contour, inferior pole contour, and overall aesthetic outcome. Ten non-biased reviewers assessed outcomes using a 5-point Likert scale. Fisher's Exact and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used for comparative analysis. RESULTS: Patient age and body mass index were similar between delayed (n=20) and delayed-immediate (n=20) cohorts (P>0.05). Skin and scar quality was rated significantly higher in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.74 vs. 3.05, P<0.001 and 3.41 vs. 2.79, P<0.001; respectively). Assessment of contour-related parameters, superior pole and inferior pole, found significantly improved outcomes in the delayed-immediate cohort (3.67 vs. 2.96, P<0.001 and 3.84 vs. 3.06, P<0.001; respectively). Delayed-immediate breast reconstruction had a significantly higher overall score compared to delayed breast reconstructions (3.84 vs. 2.94, P<0.001). Smoking and the time interval from radiation to reconstruction were found to affect aesthetic outcomes (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preservation of native mastectomy skin may allow for improved skin/scar quality, breast contour, and overall aesthetic outcomes following a delayed-immediate reconstructive algorithm as compared to delayed breast reconstruction.
Body Mass Index ; Breast ; Breast Implantation ; Cicatrix ; Cohort Studies ; Cosmetic Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Mastectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tissue Expansion Devices

BACKGROUND: Periareolar Augmentation Mastopexy is one of the most challenging operations in plastic surgery. Problems with scar quality, areolar widening, and distortion are frequent problems that interfere with a predictable result. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on fifty consecutive patients who underwent a periareolar augmentation mastopexy with the interlocking approach. Of the 50 patients, 30 had both preoperative and postoperative photographs and were the basis of the study. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 56 years with the average age being 39 years. The postoperative follow-up averaged 9.5 months and the implants averaged 316 mL. There were no deaths, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, or infected implants. Four patients had complications following surgery for an overall complication rate of 13%. Two patients developed an infected Gore-Tex suture. Two of these complications were treated with revision surgery. Five patients required reoperation for an overall reoperative rate of 16% (one patient was converted to a full mastopexy). CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this retrospective study, we have found the interlocking approach to periareolar augmentation/mastopexy to be a safe and reliable operation.
Breast Implantation ; Cicatrix ; Cosmetic Techniques ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies* ; Surgery, Plastic ; Sutures* ; Venous Thrombosis

PURPOSE: Partial mastectomy without immediate volume replacement can be associated with cosmetic failure. The aim of the present study was to assess cosmesis achieved in patients who underwent partial mastectomy and reconstruction using absorbable surgical mesh. METHODS: We used absorbable surgical mesh (Polyglactin 910, Vicryl(R)) to repair defects after performing partial mastectomy in 25 patients. Endoscopy-assisted partial mastectomy was performed with conservation of the whole skin of the breast and areola. A tailored fan-shape mesh was inserted into the postoperative defect. The cosmetic appearance was evaluated using a simplified five-grade for five-items scoring system at 3 and 6 months after the operation. RESULTS: An excellent or good cosmetic result was obtained in 82.6% of the patients (19/23) after 3 and 6 months, and no major complications were noted. CONCLUSION: This procedure can be easily performed by general surgeons. Insertion of an absorbable surgical mesh into the postoperative defect could be an effective modality for reconstructing a defect after breast surgery.
Breast ; Cosmetic Techniques ; Cosmetics ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Seroma ; Skin ; Surgical Mesh

p style=text-align: justify;strongOBJECTIVE:/strong To describe a new sail shaped excision technique for alar lift surgery and present the outcome of this technique through photo documentation. br /br /strongMETHODS:/strongbr /strongDesign:/strong Surgical Innovation; Case series br /strongSetting:/strong Tertiary Government Hospital br /strongParticipants:/strong Four patients underwent alar rim lift procedure using sail excision technique performed by the senior co-author. The indication for sail excision technique was a hanging ala (type IV) based on the classification of alar-columellar discrepancies by Gunter emet al/em. The outcomes were described with comparison of pre-operative and post-operative photographs.br /br /strongRESULTS:/strong Post-operative improvement of the alar-columellar relationship and counter-rotation of the tip, the gull's wing in flight was further enhanced. There were no scar contracture or vestibular stenosis, and scars were aesthetically acceptable.br /br /strongCONCLUSION: /strongAlar lift surgery demands an accurate diagnosis and analysis of the alar-columellar discrepancies. In Southeast Asian noses, unlike Caucasian noses, the most common indication for alar surgery are wide and overhanging ala. Our proposed technique is an easy and safe method of correcting alar overhang. This procedure with its advantages represents a new, reliable and simple way of achieving predictable results in many rhinoplasty cases./p
Human ; Female ; Adult ; General Surgery ; DAMINOZIDE ; NOSE ; Cosmetic Techniques ; Documentation ; diagnosis ; rhinoplasty

Ketoprofen gel is a medical product used to treat musculoosteoarthropathy. Establishing process to make up gel product achieve pharmaceutical quality criteria by formula to create gel product, optimized formula by defined experimentation, investigated about abilities released ketoprifen through membrane compared profenid gel, investigated upset ability of product, then estimated pharmaceutical effect of gel. Initially we investigated stabilization of the products in natural environment, and predicted life-span of the drug is 27 months similar a imported product
Ketoprofen ; Manufactured Materials ; Cosmetic Techniques ; drugs

BACKGROUND: Abdominoplasty, with or without liposuction, is among the most frequently performed aesthetic procedures. Its main objective is to improve the body contour by means of excising redundant skin and fat tissue. Although abdominoplasty is considered a safe procedure with high satisfaction rates, intraoperative and postoperative complications can become a challenge for the surgical team. The aim of this article is to offer a synopsis of the most common complications arising after abdominoplasty, along with evidence-based guidelines about how to prevent and treat them. METHODS: A systematic MEDLINE search strategy was designed using appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, and references were scanned for further relevant articles. RESULTS: According to the published case series, local complications are considerably more common than complications with systemic repercussions. Approximately 10% to 20% of patients suffer a local complication following abdominoplasty, while fewer than 1% suffer a systemic complication. Prevention and management strategies are critically discussed for complications including seroma, haematoma, infection, skin necrosis, suture extrusions, hypertrophic scars, neurological symptoms, umbilical anomalies, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism, respiratory distress, and death. CONCLUSIONS: The complications of abdominoplasty vary in severity and in the impact they have on the aesthetic outcomes. Recommendations for prevention and management are based on various levels of evidence, with a risk of observer bias. However, most complications can be treated appropriately following the current standards, with satisfactory results.
Abdominoplasty* ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Cosmetic Techniques ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Medical Subject Headings ; Necrosis ; Observer Variation ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Seroma ; Skin ; Surgery, Plastic ; Sutures ; Venous Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Abdominoplasty, with or without liposuction, is among the most frequently performed aesthetic procedures. Its main objective is to improve the body contour by means of excising redundant skin and fat tissue. Although abdominoplasty is considered a safe procedure with high satisfaction rates, intraoperative and postoperative complications can become a challenge for the surgical team. The aim of this article is to offer a synopsis of the most common complications arising after abdominoplasty, along with evidence-based guidelines about how to prevent and treat them. METHODS: A systematic MEDLINE search strategy was designed using appropriate Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms, and references were scanned for further relevant articles. RESULTS: According to the published case series, local complications are considerably more common than complications with systemic repercussions. Approximately 10% to 20% of patients suffer a local complication following abdominoplasty, while fewer than 1% suffer a systemic complication. Prevention and management strategies are critically discussed for complications including seroma, haematoma, infection, skin necrosis, suture extrusions, hypertrophic scars, neurological symptoms, umbilical anomalies, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism, respiratory distress, and death. CONCLUSIONS: The complications of abdominoplasty vary in severity and in the impact they have on the aesthetic outcomes. Recommendations for prevention and management are based on various levels of evidence, with a risk of observer bias. However, most complications can be treated appropriately following the current standards, with satisfactory results.
Abdominoplasty* ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Cosmetic Techniques ; Humans ; Lipectomy ; Medical Subject Headings ; Necrosis ; Observer Variation ; Postoperative Complications ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Seroma ; Skin ; Surgery, Plastic ; Sutures ; Venous Thrombosis

Facial contour consists of facial bony frame, skin and soft tissues overlying facial bone. Facial contouring surgery is a surgery that is perfomed on the face(bone and/or soft tissues) in order to achieve better facial proportion by balancing overall facial lines. During the last 15-years period, we perfomed many facial contouring surgeries. The main surgery perfomed in our clinics were mandible angle resection, zygoma reduction, chin augmentation or reduction, forehead augmentation or reduction. The subsidiary surgery for the purpose of better improving facial balance with main sugery were augmentation or reduction rhinoplasty, double fold formation, epicanthoplasty, augmentation mammoplasty, hair transplantation or removal, facial fat injection or liposuction. It was rare to perfome just one kind of facial contouring surgery. Rather, we perfomed two or more than kinds of facial contouring surgery on different facial parts at the same time together. The reason was that it was convenient to coordinate total balanced facial beauty and achieve a better result. So, we summarized factors to be considered in planning the facial contouring surgery. First, in zygoma reduction, we must do not make a cheek droop. If there was a cheek droop, we must lift the cheek to the line which connecting both tragi. Second, in mandible angle resection, facial contouring line should maintain oval shape without straight line and there should be no remaining angle in the front of mandible. Third, we must consider relationship between face and body (especially breast). Fourth, as much as possible, it is more advisable to perform necessary operations all at the same time.
Beauty ; Cheek ; Chin ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Forehead ; Hair ; Lipectomy ; Mammaplasty ; Mandible ; Rhinoplasty ; Skin ; Zygoma

With the marked decrease in operative mortality in simple heart diseases there have been several reports on the minimally invasive and cosmetic techniques including submammary incision right parasternal approach right anterolateral thoracotomy partial sternotomy and subxiphoid approach. We report here subxiphoid approach without sternotomy for the repair of atrial septal defect as the procedure that has less invasive technique and more cosmetic effect.
Cosmetic Techniques ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Mortality ; Sternotomy ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Thoracotomy