Atropine (2.5 mg/kg), hexamethonium (1 mg/kg), Trasylol (1,000 u/kg), acetazolamide (100 mg/kg), cortisone (5 mg /kg) or procaine (5 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 21 days into rats (both sexes) fed a low protein diet. The rats were fasted and sacrificed 24 hr after the last injection. Atropine and cortisone, but not the other agents, cause a significant increase in both pancreatic weight and enzymes. Serum amylase increased markedly in the cortisone group and serum GOT and GPT increased but slightly in the atropine group. Enlargement of the pancreatic acini, cellular hypertrophy and increases of zymogen granules were observed in all the groups except the procaine and normal control group. The hypertrophy of acini was more prominent in the atropine and cortisone groups. None of drugs used could induce decrease or depress the enzyme formation and weight of pancreas. This data indicates that long-term administration of these drugs, particularly atropine, cortisone or even other Ragents may induce preferential formation of pancreatic enzymes to exocrine secretions and consequently may cause enlargement of the pancreatic acini.
Acetazolamide/administration & dosage* ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Amylases/blood ; Animal ; Aprotinin/administration & dosage* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Atropine/administration & dosage* ; Cortisone/administration & dosage* ; Female ; Hexamethonium Compounds* ; Lipase/blood ; Male ; Organ Weight ; Pancreas/drug effects* ; Pancreas/enzymology ; Procaine/administration & dosage* ; Rats ; Time Factors

AIMTo test the enhancing activity and the mechanism of oleyl pyroglutamate used as transdermal enhancer.

METHODSThe penetration-enhancing effects of oleyl pyroglutamate, oleyl alcohol and oleic acid on the three drugs (caffeine, tinidazole and cortisone) were observed; the transdermal enhancing mechanism of oleyl pyroglutamate was studied with the attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) of the human stratum corneum in vivo.

RESULTSThe penetration-enhancing ratio of the three drugs was 7.9 fold, 41.8 fold and 2.8 fold, respectively. The absorptions at 2,800-2,950 cm-1 and 1,642-1,646 cm-1 (amide-I) in the ATR-FTIR spectrum of the stratum were found to be shifted differently following removal of the stratum corneum which was treated with oleyl pyroglutamate.

CONCLUSIONOleyl pyroglutamate showed better penetration-enhancing effect on the penetration of drugs. Its transdermal enhancing mechanism may be that oleyl pyroglutamate induced not only disordering of the stratum corneum lipid, but also change of the secondary structure of keratin.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Adult ; Animals ; Caffeine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Cortisone ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Fatty Alcohols ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Oleic Acid ; pharmacology ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Skin Absorption ; drug effects ; Tinidazole ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively explore the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative lumbar intervertebral disc infection. METHODS: Twelve patients who suffered from postoperative lumbar intervertebral disc infection between April 1995 and September 2004 were confirmed doubtlessly by the diagnosis. They were treated with early immobilization combined with early and sufficient antibiotics and adequate corticosteroid. Patients with severe symptoms were managed by percutaneous puncture and washing discectomy such as rising temperature and perivertebral muscle spasm besides nostalgia, and early debridement of all necrotic tissue was done. RESULTS: Six were healed by non-operation and operation in the other 6. All had gotten locomotion with corset after the operation for 6-8 weeks and were followed-up from 6 months to 3 years. They have achieved excellent outcomes. CONCLUSION When a postoperative disc space infection occurs, early diagnosis and treatment should be undertaken to achieve excellent outcomes.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Cortisone ; administration & dosage ; Diskectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Wound Infection ; diagnosis ; drug therapy