Fever is an increase in body temperature beyond the normal range, acting as a protective inflammatory mechanism. This article summarizes diseases with fever encountered in dental clinics, including what is known about pyrexia in coronavirus infection, and further proposes a "six steps in one" identification and analysis strategy to guide the clinical work of stomatology.
Humans ; Dental Clinics ; Fever/diagnosis* ; Coronavirus Infections

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) has raised global public health concerns. The recent outbreak of MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection has led to 1 338 laboratory-confirmed cases in 26 countries worldwide as reported till 19 June, 2015. MERS-CoV may be considered a zoonotic virus that has crossed the species barrier to humans, but the pathogenesis and the routes of transmission are not completely understood. Most MERS-CoV cases reported thus far have a history of residence in or travel to the Middle East. Human-to-human transmission though was observed on some occasions in Korea, it is documented as non-sustainable event. The envelope spike glycoprotein on the surface of MERS-CoV which mediates receptor binding, membrane fusion and viral entry is thought to be involved in the mechanism of MERS-CoV.No specific and effective treatment for MERS-CoV is currently recommended, although supportive treatment has played an important role. Prophylactic strategies are necessary to prevent MERS-CoV infection.
Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; pathogenicity ; physiology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; metabolism ; Virus Internalization

Recently a COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV has broken out over the world. In order to better control the spread of the pandemic, there's an urgent need to extensively study the virus' origin and the mechanisms for its infectivity and pathogenicity. Spike protein is a special structural protein on the surface of coronavirus. It contains important information about the evolution of the virus and plays critical roles in the processes of cellular recognition and entry. In the past decades, spike protein has always been one of the most important objects in research works on coronaviruses closely related to human life. In this review we introduce these research works related to spike proteins, hoping it will provide reasonable ideas for the control of the current pandemic, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.
Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Evolution, Molecular ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; analysis

OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution patterns and the factors influencing the interval between entry of mainland China and diagnosis in imported COVID-19 cases in Guangdong Province to provide evidence for formulating and implementing effective control measures. METHODS: We collected the data of imported COVID-19 cases from March 1st to April 10th, 2020 published on the official websites of Health Commission of Guangdong Province and local government of the cities in Guangdong Province for epidemiological analysis. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the distribution patterns of the interval between entry of mainland China and diagnosis of the imported cases, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the interval. RESULTS: A total of 179 imported cases were reported in Guangdong by April 10th, 2020. The average interval between entry of mainland China and diagnosis was 4.21 days with a median of 2 days. The interval was between 1 and 3 days in 69.8% of the cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a negative result of the initial nucleic acid test (OR=5.205, 95% : 1.100-24.640, =0.038) and interval between entry of mainland China and a positive diagnosis >2 days (OR=85.654, 95%: 24.569-298.615, < 0.001) were risk factors for the finding delay. CONCLUSIONS The results of initial nucleic acid detection and the interval between entry of mainland China and a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 are the major contributing factors of delayed case detection. This finding suggests that strict quarantine and detection measures should be carried out for the personnel entering China to accurately and quickly identify the cases.
Betacoronavirus ; China ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis

In the past, coronavirus caused two serious human-to-human pandemics in the world, including severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） and Middle East respiratory syndrome （MERS）. In late 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） caused another major global public health event. Due to the strong infectivity of novel coronavirus, it is difficult to carry out the autopsy of related death cases widely. This paper reviews the previous status of the pathogen detection related to the autopsy of coronavirus infection diseases, and introduces the ongoing detection methods of novel coronavirus in clinical practice, in order to provide reference for the pathogen detection and study related to autopsy of COVID-19.
Autopsy ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Diseases ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; SARS-CoV-2

Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; Skin Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy

Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; Singapore ; Virology ; methods

Many countries in the world have faced with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic since December 2019, while the proportion of elderly patients with COVID-19 in severe and death cases is relatively high. At present, China is in the rapid development stage of population aging, and the demand of the elderly for medical care, health care, nursing and life services far exceeds that of other people. Especially in the period of COVID-19, it is particularly urgent to summarize more experience and methods in time to reduce the infection rate, the incidence of critical illness, and the mortality rate. Therefore, this review combines the existing research results with clinic experience of diagnosis and treatment for senile infectious diseases, summarizes the clinical characteristics and puts forward the prevention strategies of elderly COVID-19 patients, which provide evidence for effective prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in elderly patients, improvement of cure rate, and reduction of severe incidence rate and mortality.
Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; China ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; mortality ; therapy

This study summarized the determination methods and principles of 2019 novel coronavirus(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2). The advantages and limitations of several methods was compared, which can provide a basis for the selection of 2019 novel coronavirus clinical diagnosis methods.
Betacoronavirus ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychological effects of an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), a newly emerged infectious disease, on doctors. METHODS: After the MERS outbreak was over, we conducted an online survey of doctors who worked at the hospitals in which exposure to MERS cases had been confirmed or who were directly involved in MERS diagnosis and treatment. The Patient Health Questionnaires-9 (PHQ-9) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) assessment methods were used to assess the severity of depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms among the 64 doctors participating in the survey. RESULTS: The results of the survey indicate that 26.6% (n=17) of participants exhibited depressive symptoms and 7.8% (n=5) had post-traumatic stress symptoms. The doctors employed at hospitals with MERS cases had higher PHQ-9 and IES-R mean scores than those in doctors were not so employed. In contrast, there was no significant difference in those test scores between doctors who participated directly in MERS diagnosis and treatment and those doctors who did not. CONCLUSION: The survey demonstrated that 28.1% (n=18) of doctors involved in MERS care suffered from depressive or posttraumatic stress symptoms, even though the MERS infection was being controlled. Working at a hospital with MERS cases was the primary determinant of the adverse psychological outcomes among doctors ; however, direct participation in the diagnosis and care of MERS patients was not significantly related to such outcomes.
Communicable Diseases ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging ; Coronavirus Infections* ; Depression ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Middle East*