Coronary Stenosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Coronary Stenosis ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial

To explore the relation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene polymorphism with coronary heart disease (CHD) and the severity of coronary artery stenosis, 130 CHD patients who underwent coronary angiography were examined for the number of affected coronary vessels (> or = 75% stenosis) and coronary Jeopardy score. The insertion/deletion of ACE gene polymorphism and AT1R gene polymorphism (an A-->C transversion at nucleotide position 1166) were detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in CHD patients and 90 healthy serving as controls. The results showed that DD genotype and of ACE were more frequent in CHD patients than that in control group (38.5% vs 14.4%, P<0.001). The frequency of the AT1R A/C genotypes did not differ between the patients and the controls (10% vs 13.1%, P>0.05). The relative risk associated with the ACE-DD was increased by AT1R-AC genotype. Neither the number of affected coronary vessels nor the coronary score differed among the ACE I/D genotypes (P>0.05). But the number of affected coronary vessels and the coronary score were significantly greater in the patients with the AT1R-AC genotype than in those with the AA genotype (P<0.05). In conclusion, DD genotype may be risk factor for CHD and MI in Chinese people, and is not responsible for the development of the coronary artery stenosis. The AT1R-C allele may increase the relative risk associated with the ACE-DD genotype, and may be involved in the development of the stenosis of coronary artery.
Coronary Disease/genetics ; Coronary Disease/pathology ; Coronary Stenosis/*genetics ; Coronary Stenosis/*pathology ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/*genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether myocardial bridging (MB) is an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis proximal to the bridge site in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in diabetic patients.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to December 2012, 9862 patients with suspected coronary disease underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) using a dual-source CT scanner. The baseline clinical characteristics (age, gender, smoking history, presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, family history of heart attack and body mass index) and the results of CCTA were reviewed. Two radiologists evaluated the MB and coronary atherosclerosis stenosis (CAS) over 50% in the LAD and made a diagnosis by consensus. Significant independent risk factors for CAS were investigated by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSOf the 2345 patients identified to have diabetes mellitus, 1373 had MB, among whom 827 had coronary atherosclerosis proximal to the bridge site; 972 of the diabetic patients were free of MB, among whom 254 had coronary atherosclerosis at the equivalent site. None of the patients had CAS in the tunneled segment. After adjusted for clinical data, logistic regression analysis showed that MB in the LAD was significantly correlated with coronary atherosclerosis in the proximal LAD in diabetic patient (OR=3.91) and non-diabetic patients (OR=2.69) (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn diabetic patients, atherosclerosis occurred frequently in the segment proximal to MB in the LAD, and MB in the mid-LAD is an independent risk factor for CAS in the proximal LAD.

Angiography ; Atherosclerosis ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Stenosis ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Myocardial Bridging ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Risk Factors

Objective To analyze the correlation between tortuosity and stenosis in patients with myocardial bridge(MB)on the left anterior descending artery(LAD). Methods Data of patients with MB on the LAD,which was discovered by coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA),in the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from October 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them 278 patients with tortuosity on LAD and 278 patients without tortuosity were selected.The clinical charateristics(age,gender,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,smoking history,and family history)as well as the incidence and severity of stenosis of LAD were recorded and compared. Results The incidence of coronary artery stenosis in the non-tortuosity group(57.6%)was significantly lower than that in the tortuosity group(71.9%)($\bar{χ}$=12.608,
China ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis/epidemiology* ; Coronary Vessels/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Myocardial Bridging/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies

To investigate the association of pancreatic steatosis with coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with T2DM who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)in our center due to chest pain were enrolled from January 2016 to February 2019. According to the CCTA findings,patients were divided into normal group,mild-to-moderate coronary atherosclerosis group and severe coronary atherosclerosis group. CT attenuation of pancreas and spleen was measured on abdominal non-enhanced CT,and the CT attenuation indexes including the difference between pancreatic and splenic attenuation (P-S) and the ratio of pancreas-to-spleen attenuation (P/S) were calculated. Analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis rank test were used to assess differences among each group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of severe coronary stenosis. The accuracy of P/S in predicting severe coronary artery stenosis was assessed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A total of 173 consecutive T2DM patients were enrolled. These patients included 27 patients with normal coronary artery (15.6%),124 patients with mild to moderate stenosis (71.7%),and 22 patients with severe stenosis (12.7%). There were significant differences in CT attenuation of pancreas (=11.543,=0.003),P-S (=11.152,=0.004) and P/S (=11.327,=0.004) among normal coronary artery group,mild and moderate stenosis group,and severe stenosis group. The CT attenuation of pancreatic head,body,and tail significantly differed in patients with coronary artery stenosis (=14.737,=0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors,multiple Logistic regression showed that P/S (=0.062,95%=0.008-0.487,=0.008) was still significantly associated with the severe coronary artery stenosis. The area under the ROC curve of P/S for the diagnosis of severe coronary artery stenosis was 0.701,and the optimal cutoff point was 0.660. CT attenuation of pancreas and CT attenuation indexes are associated with the severity of coronary stenosis in T2DM patients,suggesting that pancreatic steatosis may be used as one of the indicators for predicting severe coronary artery stenosis.
Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; Coronary Stenosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; Humans ; Pancreas ; pathology ; Predictive Value of Tests

OBJECTIVES: To check the isolated heart by coronary angiography to discover the location, nature and degree of the coronary artery lesions more accurately and increase the comprehensive evaluation ability of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Ten fresh isolated hearts with different causes of death were extracted and injected with barium sulphate as contrast substance by ring injector, then developed under Xper FD20 angiography equipment. The obtained pictures and image data were handled by three-dimensional angiography images with the software attached to the angiography equipment. The coronary artery tissues were HE stained and observed by microscope. The HE staining results were compared with the angiographic results. RESULTS: The imaging data obtained from the 10 cases for examination showed 8 cases without coronary artery stenosis and 2 cases with Ⅲ, Ⅳ coronary artery stenosis, which were consistent with HE staining results of coronary artery organization and the both results were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Isolated coronary angiography has an unique advantage for accurate grading of classification of coronary artery stenosis, examination of vascular malformation and tiny lesions, which can provide reference for the localization of small lesions and basis during the autopsy for identification conclusion.
Autopsy ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Coronary Vessels/pathology* ; Heart/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; In Vitro Techniques

OBJECTIVETo explore the imaging and clinical characteristics and related risk factors of patients with coronary artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging.

METHODSThis study enrolled 603 patients with angiography evidenced myocardial bridging-mural coronary artery between May 2004 to May 2009. Angiographic and clinic data were collected according to uniform protocol and standard questionnaires were used to obtain patients' demographic and clinical information. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to explore related risk factors.

RESULTSChest pain was present in 247 cases (41.0%). Dynamic ST-T changes were found in 229 cases (38%). A total of 644 myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries were detected including 382 (62.4%) segments located proximally to myocardial bridging. Diastolic vessel diameters in the myocardial bridging segment were significantly smaller than reference segments (all P < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis suggested that vascular bifurcation lesions, the degree of narrowing and the number of diseased coronary vessels of non- myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries, age, LDL-C/HDL-C, male gender, diabetes, and systolic narrow rate of myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries were positively related with the narrowing degree of the first coronary artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Vascular bifurcation lesions, the degree of narrowing and the number of diseased coronary vessels of non- myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries, age, LDL-C/HDL-C, male, diabetes and dyslipidemia were positively related with the narrowing degree of the most severe coronary artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSMyocardial ischemia is common in patients with myocardial bridging and the artery segments located proximally to myocardial bridging are prone to stenosis. Systolic narrow rate of myocardial bridging-mural coronary arteries is one of major determinants of coronary artery stenosis located proximally to myocardial bridging. Whereas the other coronary heart disease risk factors are likely to play more important roles.

Aged ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Bridging ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUNDMajor side branch (SB) occlusion is one of the most serious complications during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for bifurcation lesions. We aimed to characterize the incidence and predictors of major SB occlusion during coronary bifurcation intervention.

METHODSWe selected consecutive patients undergoing PCI (using one stent or provisional two stent strategy) for bifurcation lesions with major SB. All clinical characteristics, coronary angiography findings, PCI procedural factors and quantitative coronary angiographic analysis data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of SB occlusion. SB occlusion after main vessel (MV) stenting was defined as no blood flow or any thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade decrease in SB after MV stenting.

RESULTSAmong all 652 bifurcation lesions, 32 (4.91%) SBs occluded. No blood flow occurred in 18 lesions and TIMI flow grade decreasing occurred in 14 lesions. In multivariate analysis, diameter ratio between MV/SB (odds ratio [OR]: 7.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53-38.85, P = 0.01), bifurcation angle (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05, P < 0.01), diameter stenosis of SB before MV stenting (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07, P < 0.01), TIMI flow grade of SB before MV stenting (OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.48-8.72, P < 0.01) and left ventricular eject fraction (LVEF) (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.11, P < 0.01) were independent predictors of SB occlusion.

CONCLUSIONSAmong clinical and angiographic findings, diameter ratio between MV/SB, bifurcation angle, diameter stenosis of SB before MV stenting, TIMI flow grade of SB before MV stenting and LVEF were predictive of major SB occlusion after MV stenting.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDThe prognostic values of the coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) score for predicting future cardiovascular events have been previously demonstrated in numerous studies. However, few studies have used the rich information available from CCTA to detect functionally significant coronary lesions. We sought to compare the prognostic values of Gai's plaque score and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) of CCTA for predicting functionally significant coronary lesions, using fractional flow reserve (FFR) as the gold standard.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 107 visually assessed significant coronary lesions in 88 patients (mean age, 59.6 ± 10.2 years; 76.14% of males) who underwent CCTA, invasive coronary angiography, and invasive FFR measurement. An FFR <0.80 indicated hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis. Lesions were divided into two groups using an FFR cutoff value of 0.80. We compared Gai's plaque scores and CACS between the two groups and evaluated the correlations of these scores with FFR. The statistical methods included unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Spearman's correlation coefficients.

RESULTSCoronary lesions with FFR <0.80 had higher Gai's scores than those with FFR ≥0.80. Gai's score had the strongest correlation with FFR (r = -0.48, P < 0.01) and had a greater area under the curve = 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.61-0.82; P < 0.01) than the CACS of whole arteries and a single artery.

CONCLUSIONSBoth CACS in a single artery and Gai's plaque score demonstrated a good capacity to assess functionally significant coronary artery stenosis when compared to the gold standard FFR. However, Gai's plaque score was more predictive of FFR <0.80. Gai's score can be easily calculated in daily clinical practice and could be used when considering revascularization.

Aged ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis ; pathology ; Coronary Vessels ; pathology ; Female ; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular Calcification ; pathology