This study aims to develop the quality standards of Fructus Corni piece standard decoction. Morroniside and loganin were considered as index components. The content determination method of morroniside and loganin were developed. The fingerprint analysis method was also established. The standard decoctions of 15 batches of Fructus Corni pieces from Henan, Zhejiang, and Shaanxi were analyzed. The similarity values of fingerprint were all above 0.99. The transfer rates of morroniside were all higher than 100%. The quality evaluation indices of standard decoction were discussed. The transfer rate of an index component was not easy to be measured accurately and its concept was not rigorous. Therefore, index component yield was suggested as an evaluation index of standard decoction. Two methods for setting quality standards of standard decoctions, which were the ■ method and the ■ method, were compared. It was found that the standard range of ■ method was wider and more suitable for smaller sample size of standard decoction. The quality standards of Fructus Corni standard decoction were as follows, dry matter extraction ratio 37.48%-69.60%; morroniside yield 8.719-16.19 mg·g~(-1) piece; loganin yield 4.342-8.064 mg·g~(-1) piece.
Cornus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Quality Control

A new iridoid glycoside, cornushmf A(1) and nine known iridoids(2-10) were isolated from the water extract of the wine-processed Corni Fructus by various column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic methods as 7β-O-(2″-formylfuran-5″-methylene)-morroniside(1), 7-dehydrologanin(2), sweroside(3), 7β-O-methylmorroniside(4), 7α-O-methylmorroniside(5), 7β-O-ethylmorroniside(6), 7α-O-ethylmorroniside(7), cornuside(8), sarracenin(9), and loganin(10).
Cornus/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Iridoids ; Wine

To investigate the chemical compounds from the ripe fruit of Cornus officinalis, a new phenylpropanoid glycoside 1-O-(6'-O-p-hydroxybenzoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-p-phenylpropanol, named cornuphenylpropanoid A (1), were separated and purified by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS column chromatography. Its structure was extensively determined on basis of ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic data.
Cornus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Phytochemicals ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVEIn order to provide a theoretical foundation for the medically effective ingredient-based selection of elite cultivars in Comnus officinalis, a study has been conducted on the variation in medicinal effective ingredients of the fruit from the genuine producing areas, the correlation among effective medicinal ingredients and the correlation between effective ingredients and fruit shape as well as nutritional indexes.

METHODThe completely mature fruit was collected from the genuine producing areas Chunan county and Lin'an city of Zhejiang province. The contents of colchicine, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were determined by HPLC, and vertical diameter/transversal diameter of the fruits, soluble solid matter and percentage of fresh flesh to the fruit were also measured.

RESULT(1) Ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and colchicine in fruits ranged from 0.1010% to 0.4786%, 0.0149% to 0.1274% and 0.59% to 2.30%, respectively, and their RSD were 34.33%, 40.48% and 28.50%, respectively. (2) The correlation between effective ingredients and that between effective ingredients and fruit shape as well as nutritional indexes were as follows: the content of ursolic acid was significantly correlated with that of oleanolic acid with a correlation coefficient of 0.9796; both ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were in significantly negative correlation with soluble solid matter with a correlation coefficient of -0.5544 and -0.5118, respectively; colchicine was significantly associated with soluble solid matter with a correlation coefficient of 0.2412; colchicine, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were in significantly negative correlation with the percentage of fresh flesh with a correlation coefficient of -0.2507, -0.2443 and -0.2406, respectively; three effective ingredients showed no correlation with the ratio of vertical diameter to transversal diameter of the fruit.

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant difference in effective ingredients among individual trees, which means that there is a big potential for selection of cultivars. Individual tree-based selection should be mainly adopted when effective ingredients are used as a main index in selection on the basis of the correlation among effective ingredients and that between effective ingredients and fruit shape as well as nutritional indexes, while ursolic acid could be combined with oleanolic acid to be used as an index and a preliminary screen could be conducted using soluble solid matter.

China ; Colchicine ; analysis ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis

This paper explored the specific peptides from Bubali Cornu by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and based on mathematics set theory. Following the profile analysis of peptides from Bubali Cornu, Bovis Grunniens Cornu, Caprae Hircus Cornu, and Suis Cornu by nano LC-LTQ-Obitrap-MS after digestion with trypsin, the relationship of peptide composition among different samples was analyzed using the mathematics set theory. The ones that existed only in the Bubali Cornu set rather than in any other set were considered as the specific peptides of Bubali Cornu. The further bioinformatic analysis revealed four specific peptides from Bubali Cornu, whose specificity was verified by UPLC-QQQ-MS. The results showed that these four peptides could be used for distinguishing Bubali Cornu from Caprae Hircus Cornu and Suis Cornu. This study has provided a rapid and simple method for seeking the specific peptides in animal medicines, which can be utilized for quality evaluation of animal medicines, thus making them authenticable and traceable.
Animals ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Cornus ; Horns/chemistry* ; Peptides/chemistry* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

This study is to establish the methods for determination of iridoid glycosides and triterpenic acids in Corni Fructus and provide technical support for the quality control of Corni Fructus. Morroniside, loganin and sweroside were determined by HPLC-UV method with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase, and the detective wavelength was set at 240 nm. Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were determined by HPLC-ELSD method with methanol-0.5% ammonium acetate (87:13) as the mobile phase. The results showed that the linear ranges of morroniside, loganin and sweroside were 5.335-213.4 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9999), 5.515-220.6 mg · L(-1) (r = 1.0000), 1.992-79.68 mg · L(-1) (r = 1.0000), respectively. The average recoveries of the above three iridoid glycosides were 98.49%-99.28% with RSDs of recoveries being less than 2%. The linear ranges of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid were 7.74-154.8 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9964), 10.82-216.4 mg · L(-1) (r = 0.9996), respectively. The average recoveries of the above two triterpenic acids were 98.11%-99.27% with RSDs of recoveries being less than 3%. The method established in this research is simple, rapid and reliable, and can be used for quality control of Corni Fructus. Furthermore, the research provided experimental data for the improvement of present quality standard of Corni Fructus, which has important significance to guarantee its quality and clinical curative effect.
Cornus ; chemistry ; Drug Stability ; Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVEDetermine the content of ursolic acid of Liuwei Dihuangwan.

METHODUsing NIR with PLS, PCA-BPANN and WT-BPANN.

RESULTThe predication recovery were 100.7%, 100.6%, 100.1%, and the RSD were 5.42%, 6.49%, 6.52% respectively.

CONCLUSIONNIR can be used in the determination of ursolic acid, which set up the foundation of on-line control of traditional Chinese medicine.

Cornus ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Triterpenes ; analysis

A novel method was developed for the rapid determination of multi-indicators in corni fructus by means of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based least squares support vector machine was investigated to increase the levels of quality control. The calibration models of moisture, extractum, morroniside and loganin were established using the PSO-LS-SVM algorithm. The performance of PSO-LS-SVM models was compared with partial least squares regression (PLSR) and back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The calibration and validation results of PSO-LS-SVM were superior to both PLS and BP-ANN. For PSO-LS-SVM models, the correlation coefficients (r) of calibrations were all above 0.942. The optimal prediction results were also achieved by PSO-LS-SVM models with the RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) and RSEP (relative standard errors of prediction) less than 1.176 and 15.5% respectively. The results suggest that PSO-LS-SVM algorithm has a good model performance and high prediction accuracy. NIR has a potential value for rapid determination of multi-indicators in Corni Fructus.
Algorithms ; Calibration ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Quality Control ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Support Vector Machine

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Cornus officinalis extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE).

METHODThe process was performed at 40 centigrade with pressures of 15 MPa for 2 hours and with CO2 fluid and gas at the flow rate of 22.0 kg x h(-1) and 18.0 kg x h(-1) respectively. The chemical constituents of the SFE extractions were determined by GC-MS.

RESULTThe total amount of extractable substances or yields by SFE is 2.42% (mass). 31 Chemical constituents were identified and their relative contents were determined by normalization method of area.

CONCLUSIONThe major components identified in the extractions are 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester, isopropyl myristate etc.

Carbon Dioxide ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Myristates ; analysis ; Oleic Acid ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo establish the quality standard of yinhuang langxiao granule.

METHODThe Panax notoginseng, Arnebia euchromq, Cornus officinalis, Lonicera japonica, Artemisiae annua were identified by TLC. The content of chrysophanol in granule was determined by HPLC.

RESULTSpots of samples on TLC can be well separated and the method had good specificity. The average recovery of chrysophanol was 98.7% and RSD was 0.67%.

CONCLUSIONAn accurate, simple and effective quality-controlling method has been developed, which can be used for quality control for yinhuang langxiao granule.

Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Artemisia ; chemistry ; Boraginaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Cornus ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rheum ; chemistry