No abstract available.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; Corn Oil ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Heart* ; Ischemia* ; Reperfusion*

This study was performed to find out the influences of ethanol on the metabolism of trichloroethylene(TRI) in rats. TRI in corn oil at the dosage of 150, 300, 600 mg/kg was injected peritoneally once a day for two days to two groups. In one group ethanol(4 g/kg) was taken orally 30 minutes before TRI injection, and the other group ethanol was not. The results of experiments are as follows: 1. The contents of cytochrome P-450 and b5 had inverse relationship with in-jected TRI amounts in both groups. 2. The activity of NADPH P-450 reductase was decreased slowly in TRI injected group related with TRI amount, but decreased drastically in the group pretreated with ethanol. 3. The activity of NADH b5 reductase had relationship with injected TRI amount, but the statistical significance was found only in the groups of 300 and 600 mg/kg of TRI injected without relevance to ethanol when compared with the group that was not injected. 4. The activity of ADH was more decreased and ALDH activity was more increased in groups that TRI injected and ethanol was pretreated with ethanol groups than in group without any treatment. These results suggest that ethanol may inhibit epoxide formulation, the first step or TRI metabolism, and change from TCE-OH to TCA also.
Animals ; Corn Oil ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Ethanol* ; Liver* ; Metabolism ; NAD ; NADP ; Oxidoreductases ; Rats* ; Trichloroethylene*

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that the relaxographic method provides additional information such as the distribution of relaxation times and water content which are poentially applicable to clinical medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, the computer simulation was performed with the generated relaxation data to verify the accuracy and reliablility of the relaxographic method (CONTIN). Secondly, in order to see how well the CONTIN quantifies and resolves the two different T1 environments, we calculated the oil to water peak area ratios and identified peak positions of T1-distribution curve of the phantom solutions, which consist of four centrifugal tubes (10ml) filled with the compounds of 0, 10, 20, 30% of corn oil and distilled water, using CONTIN. Finally, inversion recovery MR images for a volunteer are acquired for each TI ranged from 40 to 1160 msec with TR/TE=2200/20 msec. From the 3 different ROIs (GM, WM, CSF), CONTIN analysis was performed to obtain the T1-distribution curves, which gave peak positions and peak area of each ROI location. RESULTS: The simulation result shows that the errors of peak positions were less in the higher peak (centered T1=600 msec) than in the lower peak (centered T1=150 msec) for all SNR but the errors of peak areas were larger in the higher peak than in the lower peak. The CONTIN analysis of the measured relaxation data of phantoms revealed two peaks between 20 and 60 msec and between 500 and 700 msec. The analysis gives the peak area ratio as oil 10%: oil 20%: oil 30%=1:1.3:1.9, which is different from the exact ratio, 1:2:3. For human brain, in ROI 3 (CSF), only one component of -distributions was observed whereas in ROI 1 (GM) and in ROI 2 (WM) we observed two components of T1-distribution. For the WM and CSF there was great agreement between the observed T1-relaxation times and the reported values. CONCLUSION: we demonstrated that the relaxographic method provided additional information such as the distribution of relaxation times and water content, which were not available in the routine relaxometry and T1/T2 mapping techniques. In addition, these additional information provided by relaxographic analysis may have clinical importance.
Brain* ; Clinical Medicine ; Computer Simulation ; Corn Oil ; Humans* ; Relaxation* ; Volunteers ; Water

BACKGROUND: A reproducible animal model of liver cirrhosis by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is highly desirable for metabolic and therapeutic studies. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the neuromuscular blockade of rocuronium in CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis in rabbits. METHODS: Cirrhosis was induced by CCl4 treatment for 11 weeks. Rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups; control group: corn oil 0.5 ml/kg/2 days IM; study group: CCl4 0.5 ml/kg/2 days mixed 1 : 1 with corn oil IM. In the first study, the dose-response relations of rocuronium were studied in twenty rabbits. In the second study, time course of rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg in twenty rabbits was evaluated in each groups. Three fragments of each liver lobe at the end of the experimental period were collected and performed the histological examination. RESULTS: Eleven-week CCl4 treatment resulted in liver cirrhosis, and increased AST and ALT compared with controls. In the first study, the calculated ED95 was 86.7 +/- 8.7microgram/kg and 132.4 +/- 9.1microgram/kg, respectively, in control and study group (P<0.0001). In the second study, the recovery times after rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg in study group were significantly prolonged than those in control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The model described in the present study was successful in producing liver cirrhosis used by CCl4 for 11 weeks in rabbits. Rocuronium has a decreased potency, and a prolonged duration of action in CCl4 induced liver cirrhosis in rabbits.
Carbon Tetrachloride* ; Carbon* ; Corn Oil ; Fibrosis ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Models, Animal ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Rabbits* ; Time and Motion Studies

Obesity has become a worldwide health problem. Orlistat, an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, is currently approved as an anti-obesity drug. However, gastrointestinal side effects caused by Orlistat may limit its use. In this study the inhibitory activities of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) against pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo were measured to determine its possible use as a natural anti-obesity agent. The inhibitory activities of the 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale and Orlistat were measured using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MU oleate) as a substrate at concentrations of 250, 125, 100, 25, 12.5 and 4 microgram/ml. To determine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity in vivo, mice (n=16) were orally administered with corn oil emulsion (5 ml/kg) alone or with the 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale (400 mg/kg) following an overnight fast. Plasma triglyceride levels were measured at 0, 90, 180, and 240 min after treatment and incremental areas under the response curves (AUC) were calculated. The 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale and Orlistat, inhibited, porcine pancreatic lipase activity by 86.3% and 95.7% at a concentration of 250 microg/ml, respectively. T. officinale extract showed dose-dependent inhibition with the IC50 of 78.2 microg/ml. A single oral dose of the extract significantly inhibited increases in plasma triglyceride levels at 90 and 180 min and reduced AUC of plasma triglyceride response curve (p<0.05). The results indicate that T. officinale exhibits inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo. Further studies to elucidate anti-obesity effects of chronic consumption of T. officinale and to identify the active components responsible for inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase are necessary.
Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Corn Oil ; Ethanol ; Hymecromone ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Lactones ; Lipase ; Mice ; Obesity ; Oleic Acid ; Plasma ; Taraxacum

The study analyzed the lipid patterns and fatty acid compositions of serum and liver tissues in groups of Sparague-Dawley rats. Some of the groups were fed with an basal diet, which contained corn oil (C), grape seed oil (GSO), or perilla oil (P), and the others were fed with a high fat diet, which had cholesterol (1%) and lard (10%) mixed with corn oil (CHF), grape seed oil (GSHF), or perilla oil (PHF). The amount of dietary intake was higher for the basal diet groups than the high fat diet groups. And diet efficiency was significantly low in the group of rats fed with the basal diet mixed with perilla oil. From the analysis of the serum lipid patterns, a significant decrease in total lipid concentration was observed in the group of rats fed on the basal diet mixed with perilla oil and the high fat diet group. The levels of triglyceride and phospholipid were significantly low in the basal diet group when perilla oil or grape seed oil was involved. The ordinary diet groups showed significantly higher in HDL-C than the high fat diet groups. There was no significant difference among the basal diet groups, whether the diet was mixed with grape seed oil, perilla oil, or corn oil. However, a significant increase in HDL-C was observed in the group of rats fed with the high fat diet containing perilla oil. For LDL-C, there was a significant difference between the high fat diet groups and the basal diet groups. LDL-C was especially low in the group of rats fed with the high fat diet to which perilla oil was added, and the grape seed-added high fat diet group showed a decreasing tendency in LDL-C. The content of total fat, total cholesterol, and triglyceride was the lowest in the group of rats fed with the perilla oil-containing basal diet, and this group was followed in order by the grape seed oil-containing diet group and corn oil-containing diet group. In the analysis of the fatty-acid composition in liver tissue, the high fat diet groups showed an increase in saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but a decrease in mono unsaturated fatty acids when compared to the basal diet groups. The composition ratio of fatty acids varied according to which type of oil the diet contains. Our finding suggest that grape seed oil was an apparent diet effect on the fatty-acid composition.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; Corn Oil ; Diet* ; Diet, High-Fat ; Fatty Acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Liver* ; Perilla* ; Rats* ; Triglycerides ; Vitis* ; Zea mays*

The present study was performed to evaluate the comedogenicity of several cosmetic ingredients, vegetable oils, steroid and sulfur. The test materials were applied to one ear canal of rabbits for 6 weekdays for 2 weeks. The results were as follows: l. Among the 14 cosmetic ingredients, no comedogenicity was shown in propylene glycol and petrolatum, mild comedogencity in squalene, acetylated lanolin, polyethylene glycol, cetyl aIcohol and Tween 80. Propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate and oleic acid showed moderate comedogenicity. Severe comedogenicity was observed in myristyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, butyl stearate and myristyl lactate. 2. Moderate to severe comedogenicity was shown in olive oil, sesame oil and corn oil and moderate comedogenicity in sulfur (8%) and betamethasone dipropionate (0.06%) R. Histopathologic grading were paralleled the findings of the naked eye.
Betamethasone ; Corn Oil ; Ear Canal ; Lactic Acid ; Lanolin ; Myristic Acid ; Olea ; Oleic Acid ; Petrolatum ; Plant Oils ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polysorbates ; Propylene Glycol ; Rabbits ; Sesame Oil ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Squalene ; Sulfur ; Olive Oil

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to cause many systemic complications as well as male infertility. Astaxanthin (ASTX) is a powerful antioxidant that is involved in a variety of biologically active processes, including those with anti-diabetes effects. The present study investigates the effect of ASTX on the spermatozoa function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: We divided 30 adult rats into three groups (10 rats per group), with a control group that received corn oil mixed with chow. DM was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of STZ. Eight weeks after the STZ injection, half of the diabetic animals were used as diabetic controls, and the rest were treated with ASTX for 56 days. Then the parameters and chromatin integrity of the epididymal sperm were analyzed using chromomycin A3, toluidine blue (TB), and acridine orange (AO) staining. RESULTS: The count, viability, and motility of the epididymal sperm were decreased significantly in the STZ group in comparison with the control group (count and viability, p<0.001; motility, p<0.001;0.01). ASTX increased normal morphology and viable spermatozoa compared to the STZ group (morphology, p=0.001; viability, p<0.001;0.05). The percentage of abnormal chromatins in TB and AO staining was higher in the STZ group compared to the control group (p<0.001;0.001). The mean percentage of TB and AO positive spermatozoa in STZ rats was significantly lower in the STZ+ASTX group (TB, p=0.001; AO, p<0.001;0.05). CONCLUSION: This study observed that in vivo ASTX treatment partially attenuates some detrimental effect of diabetes. Conversely, ASTX improved sperm viability, normal morphology, and DNA integrity.
Acridine Orange ; Adult ; Animals ; Chromatin ; Chromomycin A3 ; Corn Oil ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dietary Supplements* ; DNA* ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Rats* ; Spermatozoa* ; Streptozocin ; Tolonium Chloride

It has been reported that dietary polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) increase liver injury in response to ethanol feeding. We tested the hypothesis that diets rich in linoleic acid (18:2n-6) would affect acute liver injury after acetaminophen injection and that protein restriction might exacerbate the liver injury. We examined effects of feeding diets with either 15% (wt/wt) corn oil or 14% beef tallow and 1% corn oil for six weeks with either 6 or 20 g/100 g protein on acute hepatotoxicity. After the feeding period, liver injury was induced by injecting either with 600 mg/kg body weight acetaminophen suspended in gum arabic-based vehicle, or with vehicle alone during fasting status. Samples of liver and plasma were taken for analyses of hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels and liver-specific enzymes [(Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT)], respectively. Whereas GSH level was significantly lower in only group fed 15% corn oil with 6 g/100 g protein among acetaminophen-treated groups, activities of GPT and GOT were significantly elevated in all groups except the one fed beef tallow with 20 g/100 g protein, suggesting low protein might exacerbate drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The feeding regimens changed the ratio of 18:2n-6 to oleic acid (18:1n-9) in total liver lipids approximately five-fold, and produced modest changes in arachidonic acid (20:4n-6). We conclude that diets with high 18:2n-6 promote acetaminophen-induced liver injury compared to diets with more saturated fatty acids (SFA). In addition, protein restriction appeared to exacerbate the liver injury.
Acetaminophen ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Body Weight ; Corn Oil ; Diet ; Ethanol ; Fasting ; Fats ; Fatty Acids ; Gingiva ; Glutathione ; GTP-Binding Proteins ; Linoleic Acid ; Liver ; Oleic Acid ; Plasma ; Rats ; Zea mays

Anti-atherosclerosis effects of perilla oil were investigated, in comparison with lovastatin, in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Hypercholesterolemia was induced in rabbits by feeding the HCD containing 0.5% cholesterol and 1% corn oil, and perilla oil (0.1 or 0.3%) was added to the diet containing 0.5% cholesterol for 10 weeks. HCD greatly increased blood total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, and caused thick atheromatous plaques, covering 74% of the aortic wall. Hyper-cholesterolemia also induced lipid accumulation in the liver and kidneys, leading to lipid peroxidation. Perilla oil not only attenuated hypercholesterolemia and atheroma formation, but also reduced fat accumulation and lipid peroxidation in hepatic and renal tissues. The results indicate that perilla oil prevents atherosclerosis and fatty liver by controlling lipid metabolism, and that it could be the first choice oil to improve diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
Atherosclerosis ; Cholesterol ; Corn Oil ; Diet* ; Fatty Liver ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Kidney ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Liver ; Lovastatin ; Perilla* ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Rabbits*