The purpose of this study was the improvement and modification of the HACCP verification checklist in school foodservices. For this, the HACCP verification checklist was modified on the basis of an existing school foodservice format. The modified checklist was composed of 28 items, including CCPs (critical control points), microbial test, and other components of the HACCP system than CCPs. To confirm the suitability of the modified checklist, comparisons were made based on the microbiological quality of cooked foods, utensils, and number of aerial microbes in the working area. In this study, the applicability of the modified checklist was determined by focusing on cooked squid with seasoned fresh vegetables (Ojingeochaesomoochim). The following results were obtained from 14 schools in Changwon. The checklist scores for maintaining hot foods over 60degrees C or serving within 2 hours, microbial tests of drinking water, food contact surfaces and cooking utensils, monitoring tools, and usage of suitable sanitizers were 2 points each (The possible highest score is 2 points). On the contrary, the checklist score for microbial test of cooked foods was the lowest of all the items. The correlation coefficient (r) between the improved checklist and microbiological quality of cooked foods was 0.699 (P<0.01), whereas that between the improved checklist and microbiological quality of cooking utensils was 0.612 (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between the improved checklist and aerial plate count in the working area was -0.556 (P<0.05). Our results indicate the potential possibility of using the HACCP verification checklist in school foodservices.
Checklist ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Decapodiformes ; Drinking Water ; Humans ; Seasons ; Vegetables

This study was carried out to provide the improvable way of foodservice management to dietitian in the elementary schools. For this purpose the serving pattern of food, menu planing, nutrition education, leftover management and difficulties in foodservice were investigated. The survey was conducted through questionnaires, which were collected from 249 dietitions randomly selected in Taejon and Chung Nam. Data were analyzed by SAS program. The main results of this study are as follows. The children in Taejon took foods in the class room(65.7%) and those in Chung Nam in the dinning hall(89.9%)(p<0.01). In menu planning the balance of nutrition(42.6%) was mainly considered and then food preference(19.7%), variety of menus(16.1%), food cost(16.1%), composition of food color, taste and texture(3.2%), skills of food making(1.6%) and the number of students(0.8%). They referred cooking magazines(47.7%), the previous menu(42.2%), children's opinion(7.2%) for planing menu. The insufficiency of implements and devices for food(24.1%) and lack of season's food(20.4%) were indicated as difficulties in their job. 34.5% of dietitians used a standard menu, 79.5% investigated food preference of children, 74.3% evaluated taste of foods before serving, and 80.7% regularly checked leftover. The major reason for leftover was careless of the teacher in charge in Taejon and bad taste of foods nutrition in Chung Nam(p<0.001). 98.5% of them answered that they had the responsibility for nutrition education in elementary school. They had a hard time in relationship with the staffs in school(40.6%) and employees for food(39.8%), and lack of market information(38.2%). To efficiency of dietitian's work can be enhanced by reflecting the results of children's food preference and leftover, by using standard cooking method and proper cooking utensil, and by performing nutrition education for children by themselves.
Child ; Cooking ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Daejeon* ; Education ; Food Preferences ; Humans ; Menu Planning ; Nutritionists* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The study examined evaluated the sanitation management state of the high school foodservice operations, as measured by temperature, humidity and airborne bacteria concentration in functional areas and further identified their relationships. Data were collected from 26 high school foodservices in Gyeonggi Province. Statistical analyses were conducted with the SPSS program using descriptive analysis and spearman's correlation. The sanitation management performances in high school foodservice scored 86.85 out of 100 points and showed higher scores in the dimensions of preparation and storing management (17.85/20 points), operation management (17.78/20 points), and cooking utensil management (17.62/20 points), while the dimensions of cross contamination management as well as personal hygiene management needed action plans for prompt improvement. The airborne bacteria concentration was highest in the dining area (179.2 CFU/plate), and requiring action plans for improvement. The relative humidity in functional areas ranged from 66.5% in the receiving area to 74.4% (dish-washing area) and the temperature of the preparation area showed an average of 25.1°C with the highest of 35.4°C in the dish-washing area. In terms of the relationships among airborne bacteria, temperature, and humidity, the concentration of airborne bacteria was negatively correlated with and temperature in the dish-washing area (r= -0.693, P<0.05), and no other significances were shown in the other areas.
Bacteria ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Humidity ; Hygiene* ; Safety Management* ; Sanitation

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the effects of an intervention of self-feeding for elderly residents who were eating with assistance or eating by himself/herself with spilling food. METHODS: The Participants were 11 elderly people and 6 formal caregivers from 7 nursing homes in Korea. The intervention was to use the spoon and chopstick sets designed for compensating the weakened eating function. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through observation, structured questions, and in-depth interviews. RESULTS: The mealtime was significantly increased by 3.2 minutes (p=.011) after the intervention. Three themes were extracted for the meaning of self-feeding expressed by the elders; fighting alone for self-feeding, pride of participating in the study, and burden for self-feeding and research participation. Caregivers expressed the meaning of the elder's self-feeding such as the regret of missed chances, facilitating rehabilitation, the increase of the eating pleasure and quality of care, and ambivalence. CONCLUSION: Self-feeding has become an opportunity to recognize life values for the elders in nursing homes; for the caregivers, to reconsider caring of the elderly. Posture and eating utensils were also important to improve self-feeding skills.
Aged* ; Caregivers ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Eating ; Feeding Behavior ; Food Assistance ; Humans ; Korea ; Meals ; Nursing Homes* ; Nursing* ; Pleasure ; Posture ; Rehabilitation

The purpose of this study was to assess how the changes in the food services environment on patients satisfaction with the hospital food service. Statistical data analyses were completed using the SPSS 11.0 program. The results can be summarized as follows: The flow line and environment of the food services in the hospital were improved through remodeling, which included the replacement of all cooking utensils, ventilation facilities and material storages, the purchase of a combi steamer, and the change of meal carts and trays. After the remodeling, the hospital food service was improved so that it provided spoons at each meal, diversified the menu utilizing the combi steamer, served event meals three times a week as well as water boiled with burned rice in the morning twice a week. In addition, various types of tableware were used in the table settings to produce attractive visual effects. Among the 10 items included on the patient satisfaction questionnaire, "satisfaction with offered menus" (p<0.01) showed significantly higher scores before the remodeling. "cooking/seasoning of food", "amount of meals" and "taste of meals" were not statistically significant, but showed increased satisfaction after the remodeling. However "temperature of food", "cleanliness of clothes and features" and "satisfaction with meal times" were not statistically significant, but showed decreased satisfaction after the remodeling.
Burns ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Food Service, Hospital* ; Food Services* ; Humans ; Meals ; Patient Satisfaction ; Ventilation ; Water ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A 59-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain. Abdominal computerized tomography was suggestive of biliary stones. During endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, adult worms resembling Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) were drained. Eggs were detected in stool using the formalin-ether concentration method and C. sinensis-specific antibody was detected in the serum. A diagnosis of C. sinensis infection was made. The symptoms of the patient gradually resolved after treatment with anti-parasite medication. The patient lived in a non-endemic region for C. sinensis infection and had no history of intake of raw or undercooked freshwater fishes. South Korea is one of the endemic countries for C. sinensis infection and people can be infected via indirect routes of transmission such as cooking utensils. Therefore, the possibility of C. sinensis infection should be considered in patients presenting with biliary diseases in South Korea. We describe the clinical findings of this case with a review of literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangitis ; Cholecystitis ; Cholecystitis, Acute ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Diagnosis ; Eggs ; Female ; Fishes ; Fresh Water ; Humans ; Korea ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Ovum

OBJECTIVES: In September 2008, an outbreak of diarrhea occurred among students attending Y school in Yeongcheon-si. Shigella sonnei was cultured from some of the rectal swabs. An epidemiological investigation was carried out to determine the source of the infection and the mode of transmission of the shigellosis outbreak. METHODS: The index case lived in the D rehabilitation facility in Gyeongsan-si and an additional epidemiological investigation was carried out there. The cases could not be questioned due to their mental handicaps. The teachers were interviewed instead. A patient case was defined as a resident with diarrhea more than one time a day from September 18 to September 26, 2008 or a resident with confirmed Shigella sonnei at the Y school or the D rehabilitation facility. RESULTS: The attack rate was 1.2% (8 persons) among 659 persons in the Y school and D rehabilitation facility. Five persons were microbiologically confirmed to have the infection and three persons were diagnosed on the basis of symptoms. Shigella sonnei was cultured from five of the 659 rectal swabs. However, 80 environmental specimens including drinking water, preserved foods, and cooking utensils were negative. All eight patients were Y school students and had been living in group boarding and lodging. Six of them lived in the D rehabilitation facility and two lived in the dormitory at the Y school. Five cases showed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns that were identical for Shigella sonnei. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that the infection source of the shigellosis outbreak, in the two places, were identical. It is likely that the infections initially spread from a teacher or volunteer and then among the students.
Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Diarrhea ; Disabled Persons ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drinking Water ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Food, Preserved ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Korea ; Shigella ; Shigella sonnei

INTRODUCTIONIngestion of fish bones is a common clinical complaint among adult patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological and behavioural risk factors for fish bone ingestion.

METHODSBetween 2009 and 2010, a physician-administered questionnaire was administered to 112 consecutive patients who presented to the emergency department of an adult tertiary hospital with the complaint of fish bone ingestion.

RESULTSThe wearing of dentures, the use of utensils to eat fish and the practice of deboning fish in one's mouth were found to be associated with an increased risk of fish bone ingestion.

CONCLUSIONTo prevent the occurrence of fish bone ingestion and its possible complications, at-risk populations should be advised on the precautions to take when eating boned fish.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Child ; Cooking and Eating Utensils ; Dentures ; Eating ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fishes ; Foreign Bodies ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult