Objective To investigate the estimation of early and mid-term wound age by a combination of four mRNAs, the DNA polymerase delta-interacting protein 3 （POLDIP3） mRNA, regulator of chromosome condensation 1 like （RCC1L） mRNA, proline-rich 5 （PRR5） mRNA, and ribonucleic acid export 1 （RAE1） mRNA in rats skeletal muscles. Methods The model of rat skeletal muscle contusion was established, and then contusion area muscle tissue was extracted 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44 and 48 h after injury. Histomorphological changes during the repair process after rat skeletal muscle contusion were observed. The relative expressions of Poldip3, Rcc1l, Prr5 and Rae1 mRNAs were detected by reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR）. Different stages of wound age were classified by using the expression patterns of four genes at various time points after injury. The accuracy of the results was verified by Fisher discriminant analysis. Results Histomorphological results showed that the repair process after skeletal muscle contusion occurred with the prolonging of time. Through combination of the expression trends of the four kinds of mRNAs, the 48 h after injury could be divided into three periods, 4-12 h, 16-28 h and 32-48 h. The Fisher discrimination method showed that the classification accuracy rates of the three periods were 83.3%, 75.0% and 73.3%, respectively. Conclusion The classification discrimination based on the relative expression of every gene has a higher accuracy, and the accuracy of wound age estimation with combination of mRNA relative expressions is higher than that with a single indicator. By combining with Fisher discrimination method, this method can be used for early and mid-term wound age estimation.
Animals ; Contusions/metabolism* ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/genetics* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Xiaozhong Zhitong Ointment(XZZTO) on remodeling and repair of skeletal muscle injury in rats based on the expression mechanism of microRNA. METHODS: The rat gastrocnemius injury model was established by blunt contusion model. The expression of MEF2 gene and protein in gastrocnemius muscle was detected by quantitative PCR at 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after injury with XZZTO. The mechanism of the effect of XZZTO on the muscle remodeling and repair of rat gastrocnemius contusion model was discussed. RESULTS: The expression level of MEF2 in the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group and model group, which further confirmed the important role of MEF2 in inducing skeletal muscle remodeling and repair process in the topical drugs. The expression of MEF2 increased at 7 days after injury and remained at a high level until 21 days after injury. Compared with the model group, the peak expression period was about 14 days, and then returned to the general state. CONCLUSIONS The expression level of MEF2 shows an upward trend. Even 21 days after injury, the expression of MEF2 dose not show a significant downward trend. It can be seen that XZZTO can promote the expression of MEF2. At the same time, XZZTO can regulate the regeneration and repair of skeletal muscle. Therefore, XZZTO can play a regeneration and repair role after skeletal muscle injury through gene regulation.
Animals ; Contusions ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Gene Expression Regulation ; MEF2 Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Ointments ; Proteins ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats

OBJECTIVE: In order to understand which kind of function genes play an important role for estimating wound age, the variation of difference genes' mRNA expression were compared after injury. METHODS: The mRNA expression levels of seven candidate genes (ICAM-1, NF-κB, MX2, MT1, MT2, sTnI, and Cox6c) were analyzed in contused rat skeletal muscle at different time points using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The raw Ct values were normalized relative to that of RPL32 mRNA, and converted to standard Ct values. At each time point after injury, the standard deviations (SD) of the standard Ct values were calculated by SPSS. RESULTS: The expression trends of the seven genes were all found to be related to wound age, but there were lower variation coefficients and greater reliability of s TnI and Cox6c when compared with other genes. CONCLUSION The genes encoding structural proteins or proteins that perform basic functions can be suitable for wound age estimation.
Animals ; Contusions/genetics* ; Forensic Pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism* ; NF-kappa B ; Proteins ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Regression Analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Time Factors ; Wound Healing/genetics*

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is rare, and the presence of CNS symptoms at the time of diagnosis of APL is even rarer. We report 2 cases of APL presenting with CNS involvement. A 43-yr-old woman presented with easy bruising and stuporous mentality. Her complete blood count (CBC) revealed leukocytosis with increased blasts. Bone marrow (BM) analysis was carried out, and the diagnosis of APL was confirmed. This was done by cytogenetic analysis and demonstration of PML-RARalpha rearrangement by reverse transcriptase PCR in the BM cells. A lumbar puncture was performed to investigate the cause of her stuporous mentality, and her cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed 97% leukemic promyelocytes. Despite systemic and CNS therapy, she died due to septic shock by infection and rapid disease progression only 3 days after her admission. Another patient, a 3-yr-old girl, presented with easy bruising and epistaxis, and her CBC showed pancytopenia with increased blasts. BM studies confirmed APL. Quantitative PCR for PML-RARalpha in the BM cells revealed a PML-RARalpha/ABL ratio of 0.33 and CSF analysis revealed 9.5% leukemic promyelocytes (2 of 21 cells). She received induction chemotherapy and intrathecal therapy and achieved complete remission (CR) in the BM and CNS. She has been maintained in the CR status for the past 31 months. Thus, patients with APL must be evaluated for CNS involvement if any neurological symptoms are present at the time of diagnosis.
Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism/pathology ; Central Nervous System/pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Contusions/etiology ; Epistaxis/etiology ; Female ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells/pathology ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/*cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy/pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spinal Puncture ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tretinoin/therapeutic use