The clinical observations were made on 66 patients of renal injuries during the period from 1985 to 1991) The results were as follows: I. The renal injuries were classified as contusion, laceration, rupture, pedicle injury according to Cass and Luxenberg`s classification. The patient numbers of each group were 42 (63.6%), 11 (16.3%).11 (16.3%) and 2 (3%). 2. The sonography was useful by complementary diagnostic tool of excretory urography in major renal injuries. 3. The computerized tomography was useful in diagnosing combined injuries and detecting injuries which were not detected in excretory pyelography. 4. The treatment of many. major renal injuries could be done conservatively with detailed and accurate diagnosis using computerized tomography.
Classification ; Contusions ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Rupture ; Urography

Between May 1984 and December 1989, 57 consecutive renal injury patients (55 with blunt and 2 with penetrating trauma) were evaluated. The injuries in this series were classified as contusion, laceration, rupture and pedicle injuries ac cording to Cass`s classification. Among 57 patients, 30 patients were classified into contusion, 14 patients laceration, 10 patient rupture and 3 patients pedicle injury. All contusion and laceration injuries were treated conservatively, 8 patients with rupture were managed conservatively and 2 patients with rupture were managed operatively (1 case: nephrectomy, 1 case: renorraphy). Among 3 patients with pedicle injury. 2 patients performed nephrectomy and 1 patients was died. Among 57 patients, comlications were developed in 5 patients (urinoma in 1, UPJ obstruction in 1. hematoma in bladder in 1, renal infection in 2) The management of comlications were renorraphy in l and conservatively in 4.
Classification ; Contusions ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Nephrectomy ; Rupture ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: This study was performed to examine if CT classification of renal blunt injury could aid in expectation of hemodynamic stability and clinical decision of whether to intervene surgically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a 80-month period between July 1987 and March 1994, 41 patients were admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of renal blunt injury. The renal blunt injuries were classified on Fedede's three-point scale CT classification methods :grade I, contusion, intrarenal hematoma, segmental infarction, and small subcapsular hematoma;grade II, complete or incomplete laceration, large subcapsular hematoma, and renal fracture;grade Ill, shattered kidney and renal pedicle injury. Hemodynamic stability, treatment method and clinical outcome of the patients with different CT grade were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: All 34 patients with grade I or II CT findings were hemodynamically stable and were successfully managed with conservative method. Among 7 patients with grade III CT findings, 6 patients were hemodynamically unstable. Out of the 6, One patient with grade IIIb or renal pedicle injury was expired before surgical intervention due to ischemic shock. Four patients were intervened surgically with one failure to thrive. The remaining one patient refused to be intervened surgically, and was discharged against medical advice. Only one out of 7 patients was hemodynamically stable and was managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: The patients with grade I or II CT findings are prone to be hemodynamically stable and to be managed with conservative method. But the patients with grade III CT findings are more likely to be hemodynamically unstable. Therefore patients with grade III CT findings should be closely monitored and be pre- pared for the possibility of immediate surgical intervention
Classification* ; Contusions ; Diagnosis ; Failure to Thrive ; Hematoma ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Infarction ; Kidney ; Lacerations ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using a Polarus humeral nail for treatment of a humeral shaft fracture according to fracture types. METHODS: From 43 patients, 13 were excluded and 30 patients were included. The 30 patients were divided into 2 groups: 15 in group I (Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen classification type A and B) and 15 in group II (type C). The mean age was 63.1 years (range, 20–87 years), and mean follow-up period was 2.3 years (range, 1.0–6.1 years). The causes of injuries were as follows: 12, traffic accidents; 14, simple slips; 2, simple falls; 2, contusions after lower energy trauma. Radiological and clinical evaluations were performed. RESULTS: Radiological union was confirmed by plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs on average of 5.0 months in group I, and 8.4 months in group II, respectively. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). The clinical union value was 1.6 in group I, and 2.0 months in group II, but these values did not differ significantly (p=0.441). The mean Korean shoulder scoring system scores were 89.7 and 90.6, which did not differ significantly (p=0.352). CONCLUSIONS: Intramedullary nailing using the Polarus humeral nail is considered to be a good treatment modality for all types of humeral shaft fractures. Additionally, the Polarus humeral nail can be an optimal choice for the treatment of complex type fractures such as segmental or comminuted humeral shaft fractures.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Contusions ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Shoulder

OBJECTIVE: To establish a new animal model of grading skeletal muscle contusions that could be controllable and repetitive. METHODS: The rats' gastrocnemius was injured by a new weight-dropping device designed. The force acting on gastrocnemius with a comparatively constant duration and inducing elastic deformation of the gastrocnemius was expressed with velocity (v) and deformation (DF). Instant velocity was changed to create gastrocnemius contusions. Pathological changes of gastrocnemius were graded by the gross and histological examinations of 39 rats. RESULTS: At low level of impact (v: 2 m/s, DF: 5.5 mm), mild injuries were detected in epimysium and superficial layer of gastrocnemius. At moderate level of impact (v: 2.5 m/s, DF: 6.5 mm), the injuries were observed in epimysium and whole gastrocnemius. At high level of impact (v: 3 m/s, DF: 7.5 mm), severe injuries were seen deeper to soleus with more extensive skeletal muscle damage. CONCLUSION Grading of skeletal muscle blunt force contusion is created by parameter of velocity and muscle deformation. The model could be used for further research on skeletal muscle contusions.
Animals ; Contusions/classification* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Forensic Pathology ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal/injuries* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating

PURPOSE: To determine clinical outcome in cases of traumatic intraventricular hemorrhage(TIVH) according to the mechanisms and amount of hemorrhage seen on initial CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the initial CT findings of 61 patients with TIVH. The mechanisms of TIVH were analyzed on the basis of the following CT findings: Type I; large intracerebral hematoma extending to adjacent ventricle; Type II: hemorrhagic and/or non-hemorrhagic diffuse axonal injury in the thalamus and basal ganglia; Type III: multiple small hemorrhagic lesions in the septum pellucidum, fornix, corpus callosum, and periventricular region, which may be due to inner cerebral trauma, Type IV: evidence of hypoxic brain injury, and Type V: TIVH with contusion and small subdural or epidural hematomas. The amount of TIVH was classified according to the Graeb score. We analyzed these mechanisms on the basis of CT findings, and for prognosis, correlated these with clinical outcomes and the Glasgow coma score. RESULTS: Prognosis was good in types V and III and poor in type I and II(p=0.001). In patients with a Graeb score of 4 or less, the clinical outcome was better than in those with a Graeb score above 5(p=0.03). Patients with a lower initial Glasgow coma score had poor outcomes(p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The hemorrhage mechanism in patients with TIVH could be important for estimating clinical outcome, especially during the early phase. In patients with type V or III TIVH, clinical outcome was better than in those with type I or II.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain Injuries ; Classification* ; Coma ; Contusions ; Corpus Callosum ; Diffuse Axonal Injury ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Septum Pellucidum ; Thalamus

PURPOSE: To present easily measurable 2D orbit computed tomography (CT) reference data that can be used in a preoperative study for orbital decompression and classification of individual orbital morphologies. METHODS: The study sample was composed of 77 patients with orbital contusion (42 Asian males + 35 Asian females = 154 orbits) who visited the emergency room of the Korea University Guro Hospital from September 2012 to June 2013. Patients with orbital wall fracture, retrobulbar hemorrhage, or eyeball rupture were excluded. Medical records including 2D orbit or facial bone CT were retrospectively reviewed and 4 orbital parameters (orbital length, OL; globe length, GL; GL/OL ratio and 2D cone angle) were measured. RESULTS: The average OL was 42.53 +/- 2.46 mm (35.63-49.09 mm) and average GL was 24.83 +/- 1.09 mm (22.75-28.13 mm). The average GL/OL ratio using these 2 parameters was 0.59 +/- 0.04 (0.50-0.68). The posterior cone angle was on average, 45.96 +/- 5.91degrees (29.35-60.04degrees). CONCLUSIONS: Simple measurement of 4 parameters using 2D orbit CT and classification of Asian individual orbital morphology may help in the choice of the most effective surgical technique for decompression surgery in thyroid eye disease patients.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Classification ; Contusions ; Decompression* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Eye Diseases* ; Facial Bones ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Records ; Orbit* ; Retrobulbar Hemorrhage ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Thyroid Gland*

The clinical observation was performed on 27 patients of acetabular fracture, who had been admitted and treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Choong-ahng Gil Hospital from January 1983 to December 1986. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The prevalent age ranged from 20 to 50 years, and the ratio between males and females was 2.4:1. 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accident. 3. According to Letournel's classification, 8 cases were posterior wall fractures, 4 cases were pure transverse fractures, 3 cases were “T” shaped fractures, and 3 cases were fractures of both column. 4. The most common associated injury of the another part of the body was pelvic bone fracture and the most common associated soft tissue injury was cerebral contusion. 5. The satisfactory result of conservative treatment was 84.6% and surgical treatment was 78.6%. 6. The complications were degenerative arthritis(66.7%), bed sore(13.3%), ectopic ossification(6.7%), sciatic nerve palsy(6.7%), pin tract infection(6.7%) respectively. 7. The accurate anatomical reduction & rigid fixation was an important factor for intraarticular fracture.
Accidents, Traffic ; Acetabulum ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Contusions ; Female ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Pelvic Bones ; Sciatic Nerve ; Soft Tissue Injuries

Clinical and radiological evaluation was made on the 30 kidneys of 28 patients with renal injury, who were admitted in the Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital during the period from January 1, 1980 through December 31, 1982. The results were as follows: 1. They were non-penetrating injuries and the causes were traffic accident in 13 kidneys, fall in 10 kidneys and blow in 7 kidneys. 2. Associated injuries other than kidney were seen in 15 patients with the majority of rib fracture. 3. Severity of the renal injury was classified in 3 categories according to modified Scott's classification. Of 19 minor injuries, 16 kidneys were contusions and 3 kidneys were shallow cortical lacerations. Major injuries of parenchymal laceration involving calyx were seen in 4 kidneys. Pedicle injuries were seen in 7 kidneys. 4. The most frequent symptoms and signs were hematuria, 26cases, and flank pain, 26 cases. Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and palpable abdominal mass were also seen. 5. Excretorgraphy was the diagnostic procedure with satisfactory information in 60% of the cases. It is considered to be the screening procedure of choice. 6. Selective renal arteriography is considered to be the best diagnostic procedure in case of major and pedicle injuries for planning the proper treatment and determining the prognosis. 7. Conservative treatment was done in 18 cases and nephrectomy in 10 cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Accidents, Traffic ; Angiography ; Classification ; Contusions ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lacerations ; Mass Screening ; Nausea ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Rib Fractures ; Urology ; Vomiting

Clinical and radiological evaluation was made on the 30 kidneys of 28 patients with renal injury, who were admitted in the Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University Hospital during the period from January 1, 1980 through December 31, 1982. The results were as follows: 1. They were non-penetrating injuries and the causes were traffic accident in 13 kidneys, fall in 10 kidneys and blow in 7 kidneys. 2. Associated injuries other than kidney were seen in 15 patients with the majority of rib fracture. 3. Severity of the renal injury was classified in 3 categories according to modified Scott's classification. Of 19 minor injuries, 16 kidneys were contusions and 3 kidneys were shallow cortical lacerations. Major injuries of parenchymal laceration involving calyx were seen in 4 kidneys. Pedicle injuries were seen in 7 kidneys. 4. The most frequent symptoms and signs were hematuria, 26cases, and flank pain, 26 cases. Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and palpable abdominal mass were also seen. 5. Excretorgraphy was the diagnostic procedure with satisfactory information in 60% of the cases. It is considered to be the screening procedure of choice. 6. Selective renal arteriography is considered to be the best diagnostic procedure in case of major and pedicle injuries for planning the proper treatment and determining the prognosis. 7. Conservative treatment was done in 18 cases and nephrectomy in 10 cases.
Abdominal Pain ; Accidents, Traffic ; Angiography ; Classification ; Contusions ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney ; Lacerations ; Mass Screening ; Nausea ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Rib Fractures ; Urology ; Vomiting