This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances. Especialy it is for finding shape differences of the upper -face pictures of moire, according to the Sa -sang constitution. We have collected 113 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung -Hee Medical Center and took pictures of moire of upper face and measured 50 points. We analyzed shape differences of the upper face according to the Sasang constitution. Analysing the moire of upper face, the characteristics according to sasang constitution presented. Soyangin had a projected part of left upper face compared with taeumin and soeumin, and taeumin had a projected part of right upper face. With the image of moire, the characteristics of upper face according to sasang constitution was found.
Constitution and Bylaws* ; Diagnosis ; Humans

For 1998, the PPA Board adopted a comprehensive program to empower psychiatrists to respond to the increasing demands on and broadening concerns of psychiatrists. All activities were tailored to fit the theme "Taking on the Challenge of the Future." Goals and strategies were articulated and functioned as guidelines for the relevance and coherence of activities to the overall theme. The PPA Board notes that its program was implemented as designed. For making this possible, special mention goes to PPA members, the pharmaceuticals and our secretariat. The incoming PPA Board can continue the gains made this year, improve attention areas and implement the plans designed this year Moving into the next millenium, anticipating the next twenty-five years, the PPA faces the critical task of facilitating change for itself and its community. Hopefully, this years program has empowered him to take on the challenge of the future.
PSYCHIATRY ; POLICY ; CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS

No abstract available.
Animals ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Mice* ; Oocytes*

This paper focused on the revision of national administrative provisions for the sampling and testing of quality supervision on medical devices, according to the practice, it introduced the scope of application, Chinese system of sampling and testing on medical devices, the methods of sampling, inspection standards, re-inspection institutes and the other issues should be taken into consider and discussed The current situation of these issues, main idea of the revision and influences of the provisions were also analyzed to provide theoretical exploration for the revision.
Constitution and Bylaws ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Quality Control

The study was carried out on rabbits at the daily dose of 6 g and 12 g/kg body weight. After 30 days, the activity of the rats in the experimental groups (receiving plant extract) and the control group (receiving distilled water) remained in the normal state. The measurements, such as the amount of red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, the leucogram, hematochrome, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, showed no difference in the two experimental groups of rats (15 and 30 day-regimens) compared with the control group, and with before the administration of the extract. Therefore, the fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia had no effects on the health state and the hematogenic system of the experimental rabbits.
Morinda ; Plants ; Plants, Medicinal ; rats ; Constitution and Bylaws

PURPOSE: Standardization quality assurance (QA) program of CyberKnife for suitable circumstances in Korea has not been established. In this research, we investigated the development of QA program for CyberKnife and evaluation of the feasibility under applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Considering the feature of constitution for systems and the therapeutic methodology of CyberKnife, the list of quality control (QC) was established and divided dependent on the each period of operations. And then all these developed QC lists were categorized into three groups such as basic QC, delivery specific QC, and patient specific QC based on the each purpose of QA. In order to verify the validity of the established QA program, this QC lists was applied to two CyberKnife centers. The acceptable tolerance was based on the undertaking inspection list from the CyberKnife manufacturer and the QC results during last three years of two CyberKnife centers in Korea. The acquired measurement results were evaluated for the analysis of the current QA status and the verification of the propriety for the developed QA program. RESULTS: The current QA status of two CyberKnife centers was evaluated from the accuracy of all measurements in relation with application of the established QA program. Each measurement result was verified having a good agreement within the acceptable tolerance limit of the developed QA program. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the developed QA program in this research could be established the standardization of QC methods for CyberKnife and confirmed the accuracy and stability for the image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy.
Constitution and Bylaws ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortuary Practice ; Quality Control ; Radiotherapy

In recent times the modification and injury of foot are shown due to various activity. It is essential to have detailed knowledges about the anatomical structure of medial longitudinal arch of foot for doing orthodigita or making shoes to prevent variation of medial longitudinal arch of foot. This study aimed to measure the constitution and to suggest the index of medial longitudinal arch of foot. Fifty four feet (30 M/24 F) obtained from the collection of the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology of College of Medicine, Hanyang University were studied. We measured the length of foot, the height of foot, and the first ray angle. Also, we found the index of medial longitudinal arch and compared this results with various races anthropologically. Each items was analyzed using SPSS win 13.0. The length of foot was 211.12+/-13.02 mm and the height of foot was 39.03+/-6.27 mm. There was statistically significant difference between the values of male and female and among the age groups (p>0.001). The first ray angle was 24.98+/-2.16 degrees. There was statistically significant difference between the values of male and female (p>0.001). The medial longitudinal arch index was 18.43+/-2.33. The date shows clear distinction between the value of index in this study and the American's value of index as a result of comparing races. The results of this study would be useful to clarify the characteristics of the medial longitudinal arch.
Constitution and Bylaws ; Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Male ; Shoes

PURPOSE: The study was to develop an instrument to measure grandmothering stress for Korean day-care grandmothers and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. METHOD: The items of the instrument were based on a literature review and secondary data. After content validity tests and a pilot test, 20 items were developed. In order to test the reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from 126 grandmothers. RESULT: After a factor analysis, five factors and 15 items were selected. These explained 67.2% of the total variance. The first domain was termed 'Health problems', and explained 18.1% of the total variance, and the second domain of 'Possibility of role substitution' explained 13.8%. The third and the fourth domains were 'Relations with adult children' and 'Grandchildren's characteristics' explaining 12.5% and 12.1%, respectively. The last domain explained 10.8% of the total variance with the theme 'Restriction of social life'. After accomplishing the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was determined to be .75. CONCLUSIONS: This initial step in the development of a Grandmothering Stress Index is valuable to reflect the subject of Grandmothering stress in senior citizens in Korea. Future study should to refine the constitution of the instrument.
Adult ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Humans ; Korea ; Parenting ; Reproducibility of Results

This study was to develop and evaluate injury prevention education proposal which will helpful and can be utilized directly on the first line spot for elementary school children. Education proposal development and evaluation process was 1) Construction of 10- times education proposal contents proper to schooler 2) Testify validity through 3 pediatric nursing professor and 4 elementary school nurse 3) Pretest was done from March, 2002 to July on 3-6th grade 313 elementary school students 4) Through correction and revision after pretest evaluation meeting, final injury prevention education proposal was developed 5) After 10- times injury education, evaluation was carried out about the degree of help in education contents and general constitution of injury education to total subjects of educated children. Injury prevention education proposal consists of 10 times and each subjects are followings. 1st is "introduction of injury prevention education and the importance of injury prevention" 2nd is "safety in and around home", 3rd is "injury prevention in school", 4th is "prevention of violence", 5th is "motor vehicle safety", 6th is "water safety", 7th is "prevention of fire and burns", 8th is "toy and product safety", 9th is "sports and recretional activities safety"and the final 10th is "injury prevention caused by animals". In the evaluation, the degree of help in education contents showed it helped to children averaged 1.66 and general constitution showed averaged 2.17 that children satisfied about developed injury prevention proposal. This study expected to provide systematic and concrete guidance in injury prevention education for elementary school children.
Child* ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Education* ; Fires ; Humans ; Pediatric Nursing ; Child Health

The anatomy of spinal cord vessels is formed systematically by three constitutions, extrinsic and intrinsic spinal arteries and veins. The extrinsic arterial supply to the cord has a metameric organization and makes a functionally efficient system that assimilates different tissues with single source of supply. The intrinsic blood supply to the spinal cord covers the territories under the control of the sulcal arteries anteriorly and radial arteries arising from pial network. As with the cerebral vasculature, increased interest is paid in the role of the vein that present the key factor of equilibrium in the tissue perfusion of the normal spinal cord. The normal anatomy of the spinal vessels as well as the tremendous interindividual variations forms the basis for our understanding of primary or secondary spinal cord circulatory disorders.
Arteries ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Perfusion ; Radial Artery ; Spinal Cord* ; Veins