This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances. Especialy it is for finding shape differences of the upper -face pictures of moire, according to the Sa -sang constitution. We have collected 113 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung -Hee Medical Center and took pictures of moire of upper face and measured 50 points. We analyzed shape differences of the upper face according to the Sasang constitution. Analysing the moire of upper face, the characteristics according to sasang constitution presented. Soyangin had a projected part of left upper face compared with taeumin and soeumin, and taeumin had a projected part of right upper face. With the image of moire, the characteristics of upper face according to sasang constitution was found.
Constitution and Bylaws* ; Diagnosis ; Humans

For 1998, the PPA Board adopted a comprehensive program to empower psychiatrists to respond to the increasing demands on and broadening concerns of psychiatrists. All activities were tailored to fit the theme "Taking on the Challenge of the Future." Goals and strategies were articulated and functioned as guidelines for the relevance and coherence of activities to the overall theme. The PPA Board notes that its program was implemented as designed. For making this possible, special mention goes to PPA members, the pharmaceuticals and our secretariat. The incoming PPA Board can continue the gains made this year, improve attention areas and implement the plans designed this year Moving into the next millenium, anticipating the next twenty-five years, the PPA faces the critical task of facilitating change for itself and its community. Hopefully, this years program has empowered him to take on the challenge of the future.
PSYCHIATRY ; POLICY ; CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS

No abstract available.
Animals ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Mice* ; Oocytes*

This paper focused on the revision of national administrative provisions for the sampling and testing of quality supervision on medical devices, according to the practice, it introduced the scope of application, Chinese system of sampling and testing on medical devices, the methods of sampling, inspection standards, re-inspection institutes and the other issues should be taken into consider and discussed The current situation of these issues, main idea of the revision and influences of the provisions were also analyzed to provide theoretical exploration for the revision.
Constitution and Bylaws ; Equipment and Supplies ; standards ; Quality Control

The study was carried out on rabbits at the daily dose of 6 g and 12 g/kg body weight. After 30 days, the activity of the rats in the experimental groups (receiving plant extract) and the control group (receiving distilled water) remained in the normal state. The measurements, such as the amount of red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, the leucogram, hematochrome, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, showed no difference in the two experimental groups of rats (15 and 30 day-regimens) compared with the control group, and with before the administration of the extract. Therefore, the fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia had no effects on the health state and the hematogenic system of the experimental rabbits.
Morinda ; Plants ; Plants, Medicinal ; rats ; Constitution and Bylaws

This study was to develop and evaluate injury prevention education proposal which will helpful and can be utilized directly on the first line spot for elementary school children. Education proposal development and evaluation process was 1) Construction of 10- times education proposal contents proper to schooler 2) Testify validity through 3 pediatric nursing professor and 4 elementary school nurse 3) Pretest was done from March, 2002 to July on 3-6th grade 313 elementary school students 4) Through correction and revision after pretest evaluation meeting, final injury prevention education proposal was developed 5) After 10- times injury education, evaluation was carried out about the degree of help in education contents and general constitution of injury education to total subjects of educated children. Injury prevention education proposal consists of 10 times and each subjects are followings. 1st is "introduction of injury prevention education and the importance of injury prevention" 2nd is "safety in and around home", 3rd is "injury prevention in school", 4th is "prevention of violence", 5th is "motor vehicle safety", 6th is "water safety", 7th is "prevention of fire and burns", 8th is "toy and product safety", 9th is "sports and recretional activities safety"and the final 10th is "injury prevention caused by animals". In the evaluation, the degree of help in education contents showed it helped to children averaged 1.66 and general constitution showed averaged 2.17 that children satisfied about developed injury prevention proposal. This study expected to provide systematic and concrete guidance in injury prevention education for elementary school children.
Child* ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Education* ; Fires ; Humans ; Pediatric Nursing ; Child Health

PURPOSE: Standardization quality assurance (QA) program of CyberKnife for suitable circumstances in Korea has not been established. In this research, we investigated the development of QA program for CyberKnife and evaluation of the feasibility under applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Considering the feature of constitution for systems and the therapeutic methodology of CyberKnife, the list of quality control (QC) was established and divided dependent on the each period of operations. And then all these developed QC lists were categorized into three groups such as basic QC, delivery specific QC, and patient specific QC based on the each purpose of QA. In order to verify the validity of the established QA program, this QC lists was applied to two CyberKnife centers. The acceptable tolerance was based on the undertaking inspection list from the CyberKnife manufacturer and the QC results during last three years of two CyberKnife centers in Korea. The acquired measurement results were evaluated for the analysis of the current QA status and the verification of the propriety for the developed QA program. RESULTS: The current QA status of two CyberKnife centers was evaluated from the accuracy of all measurements in relation with application of the established QA program. Each measurement result was verified having a good agreement within the acceptable tolerance limit of the developed QA program. CONCLUSION: It is considered that the developed QA program in this research could be established the standardization of QC methods for CyberKnife and confirmed the accuracy and stability for the image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy.
Constitution and Bylaws ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortuary Practice ; Quality Control ; Radiotherapy

The anatomy of spinal cord vessels is formed systematically by three constitutions, extrinsic and intrinsic spinal arteries and veins. The extrinsic arterial supply to the cord has a metameric organization and makes a functionally efficient system that assimilates different tissues with single source of supply. The intrinsic blood supply to the spinal cord covers the territories under the control of the sulcal arteries anteriorly and radial arteries arising from pial network. As with the cerebral vasculature, increased interest is paid in the role of the vein that present the key factor of equilibrium in the tissue perfusion of the normal spinal cord. The normal anatomy of the spinal vessels as well as the tremendous interindividual variations forms the basis for our understanding of primary or secondary spinal cord circulatory disorders.
Arteries ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Perfusion ; Radial Artery ; Spinal Cord* ; Veins

The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the different types of cancer patients who use alternative therapies, to understand their subjective frameworks in using such alternative therapies. The results of this study provided the subjective information on five types of attitudes towards alternative therapies and described characteristics of five types from 30 cancer patients. The "Dependent to Others" (the first type) decided to use alternative therapy because they were influenced by the experiences of others and invocations of the family (especially spouse) or close relatives. In general, they did not believe that it will cure the diseases but generally thought it was not harmful and it may be better than doing nothing. There were a group of patients who chose to use alternative therapy with vague hope and belief. These patients decided to try alternative methods with their own convictions and confidences because they have personally seen or heard about some people who had been cured miraculously. This group of patients was grouped as "Belief in Effects (second type)." Although, there is a very little chance for miracles, "Expecting for Effects (third type)" believed alternative therapy will strengthen immune systems, help with feces and urine, change physical constitutions, slow down the progression of cancerous cell, have no side-effects, and expects to have practical effects and uses. The fourth group of patients thought foods in alternative therapies were same as general foods, therefore, it was easy to take, did not expect miracles to happen but considered the alternative therapy as supplementary treatments. This "Supplementary for Effects (fourth type)" patients thought it was their duty to do everything possible. The last type was "Expecting for Miraculous Effects (fifth type)." The patients in this group were devastated and thought of alternative treatments as the last hope for miracles. They thought it would relieve their physical pains, reduce the chance of side effects from chemical treatments, help them for comfortable and painless death, and considered it as the last possible option with expecting for miracles. The result of this study has implications to provide practical and concrete guidelines for caring and nursing cancer patients using alternative therapies. It will be used as a tool to work on independent for nursing intervention. Furthermore, the result of study will provide practical guidelines to help develop better tools and nursing intervention strategies to nurse cancer patients.
Complementary Therapies ; Constitution and Bylaws ; Feces ; Hope ; Humans ; Immune System ; Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to analyze industrial workers' stresses from physical symptoms, PWI, JCQ and tasks in classification of Sasang constitutions. METHOD: Data were collected from industrial workers in J Province from May 2003 to June 2003. Questionnaires were distributed and collected on the day of their physical examination. Collected data were analysed through chi2-test. RESULT: Health-related characteristics showed that most of smokers and drinkers were Taeumins and this result was statistically significant. Physical symptoms related to constitutions indicated that GI and neurologic symptoms are significantly more frequent in Soeumin. The percentage of subjects with moderate risk was high in order of Soyangin, Taeumin and Soeumin while the percentage of subjects with high risk was high in order of Soeumin, Taeumin and Soyangin. CONCLUSION: Through this study, Lee Jae Ma's theory was be confirmed compatible with disease characteristics. However, research with more various subjects and variables needs to be made.
Classification ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires