No abstract available.
Conscious Sedation* ; Endoscopy*

No abstract available.
Conscious Sedation ; Endoscopy*

No abstract available.
Conscious Sedation* ; Porifera*

Conscious Sedation ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; instrumentation ; methods

Anesthesia ; Conscious Sedation ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans

Anesthesia ; Conscious Sedation ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Singapore

PURPOSE: This research is to know whether aroma foot massage has influence on the relief of anxiety and pain during colonoscopy under conscious sedation. METHOD: This research was designed as a quasi-experiment of non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Data were collected from April 1 2005 to August 30 2005. The subjects were divided into three groups (control group, foot massage group and aroma foot massage group) with 30 persons each. Anxiety was evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), blood pressure and pulse. Pain response was measured with VAS and non-verbal pain behavior score. Sleep satisfaction was measured with a graphic rating scale. Data were analyzed through Chi-square test, t-test and repeated measure ANOVA. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure, pulse, subjective anxiety and pain scores from the aroma foot massage group decreased significantly. Sleep satisfaction score of the aroma foot massage group increased significantly. Diastolic blood pressure from the aroma foot massage group did not decrease. CONCLUSION: The results show that aroma foot massage with refined oils can increase sleep satisfaction and decrease anxiety and pain during colonoscopy under conscious sedation.
Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure ; Colonoscopy* ; Conscious Sedation* ; Foot* ; Humans ; Massage* ; Oils

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are defined as “statements that are scientifically reviewed about evidence and systematically developed to assist in the doctors' and patients' decision making in certain clinical situations.” This recommendation aims to promote good clinical practice for the provision of safe and effective practices of conscious sedation in dentistry. METHODS: The development of this clinical practice guideline was conducted by performing a systematic search of the literature for evidence-based CPGs. Existing guidelines, relevant systematic reviews, policy documents, legislation, or other recommendations were reviewed and appraised. To supplement this information, key questions were formulated by the Guideline Development Group and used as the basis for designing systematic literature search strategies to identify literature that may address these questions. Guideline documents were evaluated through a review of domestic and international databases for the development of a renewing of existing conscious sedation guidelines for dentistry. Clinical practice guidelines were critically appraised for their methodologies using Appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation (AGREE) II. RESULTS: A total of 12 existing CPGs were included and 13 recommendations were made in a range of general, adult, and pediatric areas. CONCLUSION: The clinical practice guidelines for conscious sedation will be reviewed in 5 years' time for further updates to reflect significant changes in the field.
Adult ; Conscious Sedation* ; Decision Making ; Dentistry* ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans

Midazolam is a type of anesthetic agent frequently used for conscious sedation during a variety of medical procedures. Anaphylactic reactions to midazolam are rarely reported. However, we observed a case of midazolam hypersensitivity in which emergency measures were required to ensure patient recovery after administration of midazolam as a sedative. The occurrence of the anaphylactic reaction to midazolam was confirmed by elevated serum tryptase levels. The current case report presents a discussion of our findings.
Anaphylaxis* ; Conscious Sedation ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Midazolam* ; Tryptases

BACKGROUND: As the clinical-end point is not clear-cut in conscious sedation, there are no objective and feedback-providing methods to assess the depth of sedation within the levels appropriate for conscious sedation. METHODS: The investigation was carried out on 19 ASA PS 1 patients. The authors developed a system to measure the reaction time to visual (red colored flash, 40 lux for 30 msec) and auditory (beep, 1,000 Hz, 67.5 dB for 30 msec) stimulations. The authors confirmed the beeps to be audible to all the patients before the test began. When they perceived a visual or auditory stimulation, the authors instructed the patients to signal by pushing a button as soon as possible. The reaction time was defined as the time from the beginning of stimulation to the push of a button. The patients were gradually sedated with propofol TCI. The authors measured the visual and auditory reaction time and BIS after every 0.1 microgram/ml increment of the effect site concentration of propofol. RESULTS: As the effect site concentration of propofol increased, the reaction time to visual and auditory stimulations tended to be prolonged (P < 0.0001, respectively). The estimate was 409 and 498, respectively, which means the slope a in y = ax; x means unit change of the effect site concentration of propofol; y means the estimated values of the reaction time. The BIS values at loss of response to visual and auditory stimulations were 86 +/- 7 and 78 +/- 7 (mean +/- SD). CONCLUSIONS: The responses to visual and auditory stimulations were prolonged and ultimately abolished as the effect site concentration of propofol increased. The loss of response to visual stimulations preceded the loss of response to auditory stimulations. The BIS values at loss of responses to visual and auditory stimulations suggested light and moderate sedation, respectively.
Acoustic Stimulation ; Conscious Sedation* ; Humans ; Photic Stimulation ; Propofol* ; Reaction Time*