cells. In experimental sites, the OSN and OSC mRNA were expressed strongly on osteoblasts of regenerating cortical bone at 1st week and on osteoblasts lining the trabecular bone in marrow space at 3rd week, whereas ,in control sites, their expression were noted on osteoblasts lining the reactively formed sponge bones at 2nd and 3rd week. In addition, the OPN mRNA was expressed on osteoblasts and osteoclasts at sites of remodeling and osteocytes of remained trabecular bone of defected area in experimental sites and on macrophages at 1st week and osteoclasts at sites of remolding at 2nd and 3rd week in control sites. The above findings suggest that the more rapid and favorable bony healing might be induced by blocking of invading fibrous connective tissue into bony defects. And the earlier expression of OSN and OSC mRNA on osteoblasts of experimental sites suggest that the formation and resorption of regenerating bone was more rapidly progressed in confined spaces made by applicate membranes.]]>
Animals ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Bone Matrix ; Bone Regeneration ; Confined Spaces ; Connective Tissue ; Femur ; In Situ Hybridization ; Macrophages ; Membranes ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoclasts ; Osteocytes ; Osteogenesis ; Osteonectin ; Osteopontin ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Porifera ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger

Free flap transplantation with microvascular anastomosis has been successfully performed by development of surgical technique, materials and postoperative monitoring equipments of flap. But success rate of microvascular anastomosis is influenced by various factors, and failure rate is about 5-10%. The most influential factor for success rate is surgical technique and other factors that influence failure of microvascular anastomosis are ischemic time of free flap, thrombus formation of anastomosis region and vascular spasm. In this study, vascular patency and thrombus formation in experimental micro-venous anastomosis, and endothelial repair were observed with histologic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopic examination. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In vascular patency test in 30 minute and 7 days after micro-venous anastomosis with heparin irrigation, all of 12 anastomosis site were good vascular patency. 2. In thrombus formation in 2 weeks group(Experimental I), 2 site of 6 cases were observed thrombus, and in 4 weeks group(Experimental II), 1 site of 6 cases were observed thrombus. 3. In histologic examination, normal vein(Control Group) showed continued internal elastic lamina, well formed thick smooth muscle layer and connective tissue. The group of 2 weeks after microvenous anastomosis(Experimental I) showd locally recovered internal lamina, discontinued internal lamina, disorganized smooth muscle cells and granulation tissue around suture silk. In the group of 4 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis(Experimental II), anastomosis site showed almostly continued internal lamina, disorganized smooth muscle cells and cicartrized tissue around suture silk. 4. In scanning electron microscope examination in 2 weeks(Experimental I) after micro-venous anastomosis, mesh fibrin formation showed near to endothelial cells, and in 4 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis(EXperimental II), numerous blood cells and fibrin mesh formation was seen associated with irregular endothelial cell arrangement. 5. In transmission electron microscope examination in 2 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis(Experimental I), irregular arrangement of smooth muscle cells was seen adjacent to collagenized tissue around suture silk. In 4 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis(Experimental II), denuded venous wall composed of relatively well arranged smooth muscle cells was covered by endothelial cells, but fibroblast cells and foreign body giant cells near to suture silk was remained. From the results obtained in this study, results of good vascular patiency and anti-thrombotic effect of heparin were obtained as a local irrigation solution, and repair of venous endothelial cell was observed in 2 weeks after micro-venous anastomosis.
Blood Cells ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Endothelial Cells ; Femoral Vein* ; Fibrin ; Fibroblasts ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Granulation Tissue ; Heparin ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Regeneration* ; Silk ; Spasm ; Sutures ; Thrombosis ; Vascular Patency ; Veins*

Cyclosporin A-induced gingival hyperplasia is frequently found in the patients who have been received an immunosuppressant for the organ transplantation. However, its exact mechanism is still unknown. The expression of FGF-5 and FGF-7 were studied in cyclosporine A-induced gingival hyperplasia (CGH) and inflammatory gingival hyperplasia (IGH). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used for localization of protein and mRNA. The expression of FGF-5 and FGF-7 was different from CGH and IGH. FGF-5 and FGF-7 was strongly expressed in fibroblast in CGH (P<0.005 and P<0.05, respectively). FGF-5 mRNA was localized in the middle portion of connective tissue. FGF-7 mRNA was also identified in fibroblasts and mast cells. In conclusion, FGF-5 and FGF-7 were produced excessively by fibroblasts in CGH. Considering their known functions, their expression in CGH is important for production of collagen and proliferation of fibroblasts.
Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Cyclosporine* ; Fibroblasts ; Gingival Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Mast Cells ; Organ Transplantation ; RNA, Messenger ; Transplants

Recently, we have experienced two cases of xanthogranuloma in adults presenting either a solitary papule or multiple papules. Laboratory findings including blood lipid substances such as cholesterol and triglyceride were within normal limits. In both cases, we could not find any other extracutaneous manifestations. Granulomatous infiltrates containing foam cells, foreign body giant cells and Touton giant cells as well as histiocytes and lymphocytes were revealed by histopathologic findings.
Adult* ; Cholesterol ; Foam Cells ; Giant Cells ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Triglycerides

Granulomatous inflammation is characterized by granuloma formation with a cellular infiltrate of epithelioid cells, giant cells, and chronic inflam-matory cells.It could be diagnosed as a subtype of inflammatory pseudotumor when such identifiable causes of granulomatous inflammation have been ruled out. We performed excisional biopsy on 3 patients who complained of upper eyelid mass.The levator muscle was mainly affected in two patients and the lacrimal gland in one patient. Microscopic examination of the mass demonstrated chronic granulomatous inflammation including non-caseating necrosis, diffuse chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates, and granuloma com-posed of histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells, lymphocytes, and epithelioid cells in all 3 patients.There was no evidence of foreign material and infec-tion with tuberculosis, mycosis, and parasites.The diagnosis of sarcoidosis, connective tissue disease, and Wegener's granulomatosis could be ruled out through the basic hematological test, chest radiograph, and blood tests such as angiotensin converting enzyme, lysozyme, antinuclear antigen, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. We experienced 3 cases of chronic granulomatous inflammation of the eyelids without identifiable causes which responds to excision and postoperative steroid therapy without recurrences.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Biopsy ; Connective Tissue Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Epithelioid Cells ; Eyelids ; Giant Cells ; Granuloma ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell ; Hematologic Tests ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lymphocytes ; Muramidase ; Necrosis ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Recurrence ; Sarcoidosis ; Tuberculosis ; Wegener Granulomatosis

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) and antibody as that affects the performance of a silk-4HR combination graft for soft tissue augmentation in an animal model. METHODS: The silk graft materials consisted of four types: silk+10% tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (ST0), silk+10% TCP+1% 4HR (ST1), silk+10% TCP+3% 4HR (ST3), and silk+10% TCP+6% 4-HR (ST6). The antibody binding assay tested the 4HR effect and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) exam was done for silk grafts. The animal experiment used a subcutaneous pocket mouse model. The graft - SH0 or SH1 or SH3 or SH6 - was placed in a subcutaneous pocket. The animals were killed at one, two, and four weeks, postoperatively. The specimens were subjected to histological analysis and lysozyme assay. RESULTS: Groups with 4HR applied showed lower antibody binding affinity to antigen compared to groups without 4HR. In the SEM examination, there was no significant difference among groups. Histological examinations revealed many foreign body giant cells in ST0 and ST1 group at four weeks postoperatively. Both ST3 and ST6 groups developed significantly lower levels of giant cell values compared to ST0 and ST1 groups (P<0.001) at four weeks postoperatively. In the lysozyme assay, the ST1 and ST3 groups showed denser signals than the other groups. CONCLUSION: 4HR combined silk implants resulted in high levels of vascular and connective tissue regeneration.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Composite Tissue Allografts ; Connective Tissue ; Giant Cells ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Hexylresorcinol ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Muramidase ; Regeneration ; Silk* ; Transplants*

We report a case of giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath in a 36-year-old male, who presented an asymptomatic, firm, 1.0 × 0.8 × 0.4cm-sized nodule, involving the volar aspect of the distal phalanx of the right index finger about 1 year ago. Histopathologically, the enucleated lesion showed four lobules surrounded by thin connective tissue, each of which demonstrated the variable cellularity and the polymorphic cell population consisting of foam cells, spindle-shaped fibroblasts, histiocyte-like cells and multinucleated giant cells with heavy hemosiderin deposits near the periphery, in the collagenous stroma. He has done well with no recurrence during one year of follow-up since the operation.
Adult ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Fibroblasts ; Fingers ; Foam Cells ; Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Tendons*

PURPOSE: Various kinds of biodegradable membranes are currently used in dental clinics. And the frequency and the necessity of their usage are increasing due to their numerous advantages. Therefore it is important to understand the difference of various membranes and histological reaction against implanted membranes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biodegradable membranes of Biogide(R), Resolute(R), and Tutodent(R) were cut into small pieces by 1.0x0.5cm. The membranes were implanted 1.5cm apart from each other under the epithelium on the skull of 18 Sprague Dawley rats. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, and 14 days after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histological analysis. RESULTS: 1. Early period after implantation of the membranes showed connective tissues surrounding membranes and there were a few inflammatory cells present. 2. In Biogide(R) and Tutodent(R) specimens, inflammatory cells and surrounding tissues were shown to infiltrate from outside with slight density difference inside. In Resolute(R) specimens, membranes were fragmented. Inflammatory cells and connective tissues were also observed inside. 3. In Resolute(R) specimen, giant cells were present which implicates that foreign body reaction has occurred. 4. Biogide(R) had lower integrity than other membranes and is not enough to be used alone in defect area. However, Resolute(R) had superior firmness than others. Tutodent(R) had middle level of integrity. CONCLUSION: This experimental model enabled to observe early inflammatory reactions and morphological changes of materials and can be used to develop and evaluate the efficacy of biodegradable membranes. Duplication of standardized human oral environment will be required in future experiments.
Animals ; Connective Tissue ; Dental Clinics ; Epithelium ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Membranes* ; Models, Theoretical ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skull

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a rare population of undifferentiated cells that have the capacity of self renewal and the ability to differentiate into mesodermal phenotypes, including osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro. Recently, MSCs have been shown to reside within the connective tissue of most organs, and their surface phenotype has been well analyzed. Many reports showed that transplanted MSCs enhanced regeneration as well as functional improvement of damaged organs and tissues. The wide differentiation plasticity of MSCs was expected to contribute to their demonstrated efficacy in a wide variety of experimental animal models and in human clinical trials. However, new findings suggest that the ability of MSCs to alter the tissue microenvironment via secretion of soluble factors may contribute more significantly than their capacity for differentiation in tissue repair. This review describes what is known about the cellular characteristics and differentiation potential of MSCs, which represent a promising stem cell population for further applications in regenerative medicine.
Adipocytes ; Adult ; Chondrocytes ; Connective Tissue ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mesoderm ; Models, Animal ; Osteocytes ; Phenotype ; Plastics ; Regeneration ; Regenerative Medicine ; Stem Cells ; Tissue Therapy ; Transplants

Palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous dermatitis is a newly described disease associated with connective tissue disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus erythematousus. Cases associated with rheumatoid arthritis are also termed rheumatoid papules. We report a 27-year-old woman who presented with two erythematous, tender papules on her left elbow. She had rheumatoid arthritis and was being treated with an oral steroid, methotrexate and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Histopathologic examination showed degenerative collagen with basophilic fibrinoid materials and neutrophils surrounded by palisaded epithelioid cells in the upper dermis.
Adult ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Basophils ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Dermatitis* ; Dermis ; Elbow ; Epithelioid Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Methotrexate ; Neutrophils*