Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) are common diseases caused by human adenoviruses (HAdV) and enteroviruses, respectively, in South Korea. However, there are limited studies on the molecular epidemiology of viral conjunctivitis in South Korea. The main objective of this study was to characterize the genotypes of adenoviruses and enteroviruses causing viral conjunctivitis in the southwest region of South Korea. We collected conjunctival swabs from 492 patients with suspected cases of viral conjunctivitis from 6 ophthalmic hospitals in Gwangju Metropolitan City, in South Korea, between 2012 and 2016. Of the 492 samples tested, HAdVs and enteroviruses were detected in 249 samples (50.6%) and 19 samples (3.9%), respectively. The genotype analysis detected HAdV-8 in 183 samples (73.5%), HAdV-37 in 14 samples (5.6%), and HAdV-3, and HAdV-4 in 9 samples (3.6%) each. We detected coxsackievirus A24 (CVA24) and coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) in 8 samples (42.0%) and 4 samples (21.0%), respectively. We also reported for the first time HAdV-56-infected cases of EKC in South Korea. Furthermore, we found three cases of coinfection with HAdV and enterovirus genotypes in our samples. HAdV-8 and CVA24, the main causes of EKC and AHC, respectively, worldwide, were also found to be the predominant genotypes in our study.
Adenoviridae ; Adenoviruses, Human ; Coinfection ; Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic ; Conjunctivitis, Viral* ; Enterovirus ; Genotype ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Keratoconjunctivitis ; Korea* ; Molecular Epidemiology*

No abstract available.
Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic* ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic* ; Korea*

Acute viral conjunctivitis was known as an infectious disease affected by various viruses and characterized seasonal variation, prevalent especially in summer. In Korea, the clinic loepidemiologic study of AVC was not conclusive. Therefore, further research should be conducted to improve the primary health care and the application of diffrential diagnosis and its therapy. Clinical symptoms and signs of 131 patients who was confirmed viral conjunctivitis among 237 patients was evaluated at the Chung-Ang University Hospital in 1987, 1989 and 1990. Along with physical examination, specimens from the conjunctival swab were cultured and isolated, and a sereologic test-Neutralizing test for enterovirus 70, and complement fixation test for adenovirus-was performed. As a result, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis was relatively epidemic in 1987 and 1990 (67.7 and 47.1 %), and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in 1989 (91.8%).
Communicable Diseases ; Complement Fixation Tests ; Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic ; Conjunctivitis, Viral* ; Diagnosis ; Enterovirus D, Human ; Humans ; Keratoconjunctivitis ; Korea ; Physical Examination ; Primary Health Care ; Seasons

PURPOSE: To evaluate tear eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as a severity marker for atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) and seasonal/perennial allergic conjunctivitis (SAC/PAC). METHODS: Tear ECP levels were measured by chemiluminescent immunometric assay in 7 eyes of 7 patients with AKC, 13 eyes of 13 patients with SAC/PAC, and 10 eyes of 10 healthy control subjects. All AKC and SAC/PAC patients underwent conjunctival injection and papillary formation grading. Tear ECP levels were investigated with reference to the clinical parameters of allergic conjunctivitis (papillary formation and conjunctival injection scoring). RESULTS: Tear ECP levels in patients with AKC were significantly higher than those in patients with SAC/PAC and in control subjects (p = 0.012 and p = 0.003, respectively). The number of patients with papillary formation scores of 2-3 was significantly higher in the AKC group than in the SAC/PAC group (p = 0.016). The number of patients with conjunctival injection scores of 2-3 did not significantly differ between the AKC and SAC/PAC groups (p = 0.128). All AKC patients obtained papillary formation scores of 2-3, and tear ECP levels in patients with conjunctival injection scores of 2-3 were significantly higher than in patients with scores of 0-1 in the AKC group (p < 0.001). In the SAC/PAC group, tear ECP levels in patients with papillary formation scores of 2-3 were significantly higher than in patients with scores of 0-1 (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that tear ECP was a useful marker to diagnose and assess the severity of disease in patients with AKC as well as SAC/PAC. It would be useful to monitor therapeutic outcome in allergic conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis, Allergic ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Humans ; Keratoconjunctivitis*

The authors evaluated the efficacy of cromal in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. Method: 30 patients (28 males, 12 females) were assigned in two groups: group1:14 patients with seasonal allergic conjuntivitis; group2: 24 patients with vernal keratoconjuntivitis. In a double masked random design, the patients of each group were received cromal eye drops or NaCl 0.9%. Results: eyes treated with cromal eye drops in two groups showed an amelioration of the sign and symptoms of disease compared with eyes received only NaCl 0.9%. Conclusion: cromal seems to be effective in treatment of allergy.
Conjunctivitis, Allergic ; therapy ; therapeutics

Twenty-too patients were treated with Naaxia. Of these, 11 patients had vernal conjunctivitis and 8 patients had chronic allergic conjunctivitis. 19 patients(86.4%) achieved beneficial effect. The most frequent side effect was mild burning sensation after instillation and no systemic side effect was found.
Burns ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic* ; Humans ; Sensation

We have submitted and published the above paper in Infection and Chemotherapy in 2003. Another paper with a condensed but almost same content as the above paper was submitted to and published in an English journal (Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Caused by Coxsackievirus A24 Variant, South Korea, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis 2003). Our original intent was to introduce the study to all readers because the two journals seemed to cover different spectrum of readers. However, we did not follow the necessary steps for secondary publication. So we are asking the permission of the Editor to retract the above paper. We hereby regret to have to retract the paper.
Conjunctivitis ; Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic* ; Drug Therapy ; Enterovirus C, Human* ; Korea* ; Publications

We have submitted and published the above paper in Infection and Chemotherapy in 2003. Another paper with a condensed but almost same content as the above paper was submitted to and published in an English journal (Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis Caused by Coxsackievirus A24 Variant, South Korea, 2002. Emerg Infect Dis 2003). Our original intent was to introduce the study to all readers because the two journals seemed to cover different spectrum of readers. However, we did not follow the necessary steps for secondary publication. So we are asking the permission of the Editor to retract the above paper. We hereby regret to have to retract the paper.
Conjunctivitis ; Conjunctivitis, Acute Hemorrhagic* ; Drug Therapy ; Enterovirus C, Human* ; Korea* ; Publications

Thygeson(1950) reported the specific type of superficial punctate keratitis and suspected this probably come from viral origin. Braley(1953) described and illustrated well about the superficial punctate keratitis in his article. According to his paper, its diagnostic features can be summarized as follows; 1) Appearance as a chronic, bilateral punctate epithelial keratitis. 2) Long duration. 3) Eventual healing without scar. 4) Lack of response to systemic or topical antibiotics or sulfonamide, or to removal of corneal epithelium. 5) Striking symptomatic response to topical steroids. These diagnostic features form the basis for this report. 249 cases of this disease has been observed during the period of this study(October, 1960-July, 1962). 25 cases were available for detailed clinical and laboratory analysis. Following observations were made. 1) Corneal punctate opacity is strictly epithelial and located mostly in lower quadrant in chronic cases without associated conjunctivitis. 2) None of the cases gave a history of acute onset. 3) Long duration with remission and exacerbation. 4) No response to topical antibiotics or sulfonamide, or to removal of corneal epithelium. Remarkable symptomatic response to topical steriod. 5) No seasonal and professional relationship with this disease. 6) Normal conjunctival bacterial flora in simple culture. None of them showed inclusion bodies or significant cytological changes. No lesions developed in rabbit cornea inoculartion using scraping from conjunctiva and cornea. 7) Healing without scar. 8) Further detailed virological studies are needed for determinning the etiological agent.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cicatrix ; Conjunctiva ; Conjunctivitis ; Cornea ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Inclusion Bodies ; Keratitis* ; Seasons ; Steroids ; Strikes, Employee