Objective: To better understand the effect of propofol on the spinal cord levels, and investigate whether there are different effects of propofol between nociceptive input and non-nociceptive input. Method: All Sprague-Dawley rats were spinally transected, the effect of propofol (2mg/kg, Ⅳ) on C response to the firing of electromyography, and the discharges of dorsal horn neurons were observed. Result: Propofol can produce a profound inhibition on C response,early discharges,late discharges and spontaneous discharges. Compared with early discharges, the extent of inhibition of late discharges increased but the lasting time was shorten. Conclusion: Propofol can suppress the transmission of nociceptive and non-nociceptive stimulus in spinal cord with stronger inhibition on nociceptive input,and the shorter lasting time. It is indicated that the loss of sense and pain results from the effect of propofol on the spinal cord.

This paper presented the thinking of security problems of the pulse pressure transducer which was widely used in TCM field. And we suggest that the selection of the pulse sensor should be flexible, the pressure should be comply with the security value of the body's tolerance range, and pulse instrument operator should pay attention to the accuracy and safety, so that the pulse instrument will be more humane, scientific and security-oriented.

Objective To know the influence of preoperative respiratory function exercise on the postoperative pulmonary function among patients with lung cancer. Methods Divided 80 patients with lung cancer into the observation group and the control group, there were 40 cases in the each group. Routine perioperative nursing cares was used in the control group, while a two weeks respiratory function exercise was used in the observation group. Compared the incidence rate of complications be-tween the two groups after the intervention, some indexes which can indicate the respiratory function were compared before and after the exercise in the observation group. Results The indexes such as PaO_2, SpO_2, MVV, TCL and FEV in the observation group after the respiratory function exercise were better than before significantly. The incidence rate of complications in the control group was more than in the observa-tion group. Conclusions Strengthen respiratory function exercise can effective improve the respiratory func-tion for patients with lung cancer when cured by thoractomy, which can promote patients' compliance, and then avoid certain postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the values of CD21 and CD43 proteins in the differential diagnosis of mucosa-associated marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MALToma) from benign lymphadenosis. Methods The expression of CD21 and CD43 proteins in the tissues of 25 MALToma (case group) and 25 benign lymphadenosis (control group) was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Abnormal CD21+follicular dendritic cells (FDC) meshes were found in all patients of case group. Most of the FDC meshes were sparse and broken, and a few were enlarged or fused into pieces. Intact CD21+FDC meshes were all found, and abnormal FDC meshes were not found in control group. The positive rate of abnormal FDC meshes in case group was significantly increased compared with that in control group (χ2 = 46.080, P= 0.000). The expression rate of CD43+in CD20+cells was 24 % (6/25) in case group, but it was negative in control group (χ2=4.375, P=0.030). Conclusions Abnormal CD21+FDC meshes and CD43+expression in CD20+cells are useful in the differential diagnosis between MALToma and benign lymphadenosis. The abnormal FDC meshes of MALToma are enlarged or fused in the minority of cases.

Objective To analyze the results of the assessment of malaria elimination in 8 counties(districts)in Huai'an City,Jiangsu Province,so as to provide evidences for consolidating the achievement of malaria elimination. Methods The da-ta from the network reports of malaria epidemic situation,blood examinations of febrile patients,epidemiological questionnaires of malaria cases,investigation and disposal of epidemic focuses were collected and analyzed in Huai'an City from 2010 to 2016. The results of the assessment on the clinicians'ability of malaria diagnosis and treatment as well as the inspectors'skill of Plas-modium microscopic examinations were analyzed. In the natural village where the last local case of malaria was reported ,no less than 200 blood filter papers were made for gene detection of Plasmodium. Results From 2010 to 2016,308 malaria cases were reported in Huai'an City. Totally 323002 patients received blood detection of malaria,among which 272 ones were positive and the positive rate was 0.08％. The majority of the malaria cases were imported,except 19 and 3 local infection cases in 2010 and 2011,respectively. Except Qinghe District,a total of 1420 blood filter papers from the other 7 counties(districts)were detect-ed genetically,and the results were all negative. Six of the eight counties(districts)gained an average score of 20 points on the Plasmodium microscopic examination,and Jinhu County and Huai'an District got a minimum average score of 19.6 points. In ca-pacity assessment of malaria diagnosis and treatment,Hongze District gained the highest average score of 20 points,and Huai'an District got the lowest average score of 18.8 points. The malaria elimination assessment scores of the eight counties(districts) were all above 97 points. All the 8 counties(districts)in Huai'an City passed the malaria elimination assessment at county(dis-trict)level until 2016. Conclusions All the 8 counties(districts)in Huai'an City have passed the malaria elimination assess-ment with high scores. After the malaria elimination,the monitoring still should continue to consolidate the achievement.

Objective To analyse the antinociceptive effect of muscle spindle afferents and the involved mechanism.Methods The single unit of wide dynamic range(WDR) neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn were recorded extracelluarly.The effects of muscle spindle afferents elicited by intravenous administration of succinylcholine (Sch) on nociceptive responses (C-fibres-evoked responses,C-responses) of WDR neurons were observed before and after bilateral lesions of ventrolateral periaqueduct gray (PAG).And the effects of muscle spindle afferents on the spontaneous discharge of the tail-flick related cell in the rostral ventro medial medulla (RVM) and on the spontaneous discharge of the PAG neurons were observed.Results The C-responses of WDR neurons were significantly inhibited by muscle spindle afferents,and the inhibitory effects were reduced by bilateral lesions of ventrolateral PAG.The spontaneous discharge of the off-cell in the RVM was excited while the on-cell was inhibited by intravenous administration of Sch.The spontaneous discharge of the PAG neurons were excited by muscle spindle afferents.Conclusion Muscle spindle afferents show a distinct effect of antinociception.PAG-RVM descending inhibitory system may play an important role in this nociceptive modulative mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the cost-benefit of netting cultivation to block the spread of Oncomelania snails in lake re-gions. Methods The cost-benefit of netting cultivation was investigated by interviewing in the field,the cost of Oncomelania snail survey and control was investigated by retrospective review in Gaoyou Lake regions of Jinhu County from 2009 to 2011. The benefit of netting cultivation to block the spread of snails in lake regions was calculated by the benefit-cost ratio(BCR),and then the cost-benefit of them was calculated. Results The area of netting cultivation in Gaoyou Lake regions was 70.77 hm2,the aver-age cost of netting cultivation was 495 595 yuan every year,the average income was 962 000 yuan every year,and the average ben-efit of netting cultivation was 466 405 yuan. The average cost of Oncomelania snail survey and control from 2009 to 2011 was 85 047.87 yuan in Gaoyou Lake regions. The ratio of cost-benefit was 1.11∶1. The benefit was more than the cost. Conclusion There is a well benefit in lake regions during blocking the spread of snails by netting cultivation.

Objective To explore the difference of social support,self-esteem and marital quality between urban and rural areas and discuss the impact on each other.Methods Chinese marital quality questionnaire,selfesteem scale (SES) and social support rating scale were used to test 386 urban and rural married residents.Results ①The results of descriptive statistics showed that marriage quality,social support and self-esteem of urban and rural residents were (318.46±37.41),(42.44±5.84) and (30.65 ± 3.95) respectively.②There was no significant difference among social support,self-esteem and marital quality in different gender(t =0.41,-0.16,0.03,P＞ 0.05),but had significant difference between urban and rural areas(t=2.83,3.91,5.24,P＜0.01).There were significant differences between social support and marital quality in different age structures(t=5.22,3.85,P＜0.05).There were significant differences between social support and self-esteem in different educational level (t =3.48,4.16,P＜0.01).③Social support,subjective support,objective support and marital quality had positive correlation (r=0.114～0.394,P＜0.05).The degree and character compatibility,communication between couples,resolve conflicts are positively related to support (r=0.308～ 0.476,P＜0.01).④Stepwise multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling analysis showed that self-esteem played partial intermediary role between social support and marital quality(37.7％),which could explain 26.8％ of marital quality.The social suptort and self-esteem could better predict marital quality.Conclusion The higher social support and self-esteem are,the higher marital quality is.Social support can directly affect the marital quality and indirectly affect marital quality through self-esteem.

Objective To explore the distinguishing method and threshold of optimum pulse pressures on Cun pulse and Chi pulse to solve the problem how to exert pressure upon Three Regions Pulse Detecting Instrument.Methods Totally 55 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were collected.The data of optimum pulse pressures on Cun Guan Chi of the same hand of the same tested person were collected respectively and the comparative analysis on the data was carried out.Results In normal subjects,the attenuation degree of optimum pulse pressures on Guan pulse compared with Cun pulse was 0.189?0.053,and the attenuation degree of optimum pulse pressures on Chi pulse in comparison with Guan pulse was 0.226?0.044.Conclusion Through calculating the attenuation degree of optimum pulse pressures reasonably,the identified threshold of Cun and Chi pulses can be judged from the threshold of Fu-superficial,Zhong-medium,and Chen-deep of Guan pulse.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of ultrasound breast imaging reporting and data system (BI‐RADS) in small solid breast masses with diameter ≤1 cm. Methods The ultrasound features of 230 solid breast masses with diameter ≤ 1 cm were described by ultrasound BI‐RADS, the relationship between ultrasound features, BI‐RADS final assesment and pathology were analyzed. Results Of these 230 masses, 72 (31 3.% ) were pathologically confirmed to be malignant and 158 (68 7.% ) to be benign. The ultrasound BI‐RADS features of mass shape, margin, orientation, posterior acoustic features, and microcalcificaition were significantly different between malignant and benign masses( P < 0.05). Irregular shape, noncircumscribed, nonparallel orientation, postrior shadowing, microcalcifications were regarded as malignant ultrasound features, their positive predictive values(PPV), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for malignancy were 53 3.% -100%, 2 8.% -75 0.%, 82 3.% -100%, 69 6.% -80 9.%, respectively. One hundred and fifty‐two(66.1% ), 62(27 0.% ), 16(7 0.% ) masses were classified into grade 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The PPV for grade 3, 4 and 5 were 10 5.%, 64 5.%, 100% respectively. Among BI‐RADS grade 3 cases, 87 5.%malignant masses were intraductal carcinoma in situ and special type of invasive cancer, among pathological benign BI‐RADS grade 4 masses, 90 9.% were hyperplasia and intraductal papilloma. Conclusions In small breast masses with diameter ≤ 1 cm, due to the sensitivity of malignant signs are not high, the overlap between signs of benign and malignant lesions, pathological type and other factors, the positive predictive value of BI‐RADS grade 3 is higher than criteria of American College of Radiology, so BI‐RADS classification requires further detailed study.