Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a group of diseases that involve the structure and function of cerebral small perforator arteries, arterioles, venules and capillaries, thus causing a series of clinical symptoms and imaging manifestation. Although the pathogenesis of CSVD is not completely clear, more and more evidence indicates that the elevated level of serum inflammatory markers plays an important role in the occurrence and development of CSVD. This article reviews the correlation between serum inflammatory markers and CSVD.