Lactose tolerance test with ethanol(LTTE)described by Arola was performed in 41 healthy children and lactose malabsorption(LM)could be diagnosed if blood galactose(B-gal)was less than 0.3 mmol/L or urine galactose less than 2 mmol/L.Then 138 healthy infants and children and 95 children with acute diarrhea were examined for LM or lactose intolerance(LI)with the urine samples of LTTE and symptom-response score(SRS).It was found that LTTE was reliable in the diagnosis of LM ;the incidence of LM or LI increased with the increase of age in children)and RV enteritis was liable to be complicated with LM or Li.

Objective To explore the significance of PCNA and ICAM-1 expression in cervical carcinoma. Method Pre-treatment biopsy was conducted and immunohistochemical method was used after treatment to determine the expression of PCNA and ICAM-1 in the tissues of 43 patients with cervical carcinoma. Results The post-treatment evaluation was based on WHO standard. The section staining showed that 38.2% of the CR and PR patients was negative(―) and 31.3% was positive plus() in terms of PCNA expression while none of the NC and PD patients was found negative(―)and 77.8% was found positive plus(). The expression difference was significant(P

Breast cancer is the principal cause of death in malig-nancy women , usually treated with the combination of surgery , chemotherapy , radiotherapy and endocrinotherapy .With the de-velopment of cell biology , molecular biology , immunology, im-munotherapy becomes a new field of breast cancer treatment .In this review, we discuss new findings in breast cancer immuno-therapy , including recent successes with bispecific antibodies and immune checkpoint blockade .We also discuss therapeutic cancer vaccines and highlight several additional immunotherapy modalities in early stages of development .

Objective To explore the feasibility of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) evaluating Tourette syndrome, based on the theory of SEP evaluating sensory-motor cortical function. Methods 33 cases of Tourette syndrome in our hospital from March 2014 to April 2015 were as the experiment group and 30 healthy participants were as the normal control group. Both groups were evaluated with Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and SEP. Results There was no significant difference in N20 leak latency and leak-leak amplitude of SEP between 2 groups (P>0.05). The P22 leak latency prolonged (t=2.356, P<0.05) and the leak-leak amplitude decreased (t=2.507, P<0.05) in the experiment group compared with the normal control group. The YGTSS score was higher in the experiment group than in the normal control group (t=3.012, P<0.01). The P22 leak latency was positively (r=0.402, P<0.001), and the P22 leak-leak amplitude was negatively (r=-0.180, P<0.001) correlated with YGTSS score. Conclusion Children with Tourette syndrome are disordered in inhibiting sensory or mo-tor impulse through cortex-striatum-thalamus-cortex regulation circuit. SEP is considered as the objective indicator of patients with Tourette syndrome.

Objective To study the effects of compound factors of simulated weightlessness and noise in spaceship on auditory function ,and the expression of apoptotic marker Caspase -3 in inner ear in guinea pigs ,and study the influence of compound factor above on its hearing loss and apoptosis of inner ear .Methods Thirty -six guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups ,6 in control group ,10 in simulated weightlessness with noise group (Group A) ,treatment estrogen group (Group B) and prevention estrogen (Group C) ,respectively .All the experiment groups were suspended posterior limb ,with the exposure of the simulated noise circumstance in space-ship .Estrogen prevention group received intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate for 3 days before the experiment ,while estrogen treatment group was treated in the same way for 8 days from the beginning of experiment to 3 days after the experiment .Bilateral auditory brainstem response thresholds (ABR) were tested in pre- exposure ,post-exposure and 3 -day recovery respectively .Cochleae were obtoined for immunohistochemistry staining to observe the expression of the apoptotic marker Caspase -3 in inner ear .Results At the time point of post -exposure ,ABR threshold in Group B was lower than those in Group A by 14 .5 dB and Group C by 9 dB .For the ABR change of pre ,and post-exposure ,Group B was lower 12 .75 dB than those of in Group A and 7 .75 dB than in Group C .For the ABR change between pre ,and post-recovery ,ABR threshold of Group C was higher than those of in Group A by 14 .5 dB and in Group B by 7 dB .These differences were significant (P<0 .05) .The expression of Caspase-3 was positive in the hair cell ,spiral ganglion cells and stria vascularis of three groups in both post exposure and 3-day recovery .The expression of Caspase-3 in hair cell and stria vascularis was strongly positive in spiral ganglion cells in Group C in post -exposure ,while it was slightly positive in Group B .After 3 -day recovery ,Group A turned to negative ,while Group B and Group C were still in positive expression with an increase of that in post -ex-posure .Conclusion Estrogen treatment could effectively reduce the hearing loss and the apoptosis of inner ear in-duced by the compound factor of weightlessness and noise .Preventive use of estrogen could not produce an instant protection on the hearing loss induced by exposure ,and the apoptosis was enhanced .However ,it speeded up the procedure of recovery and reduced the apoptosis of inner ear .

Objective To evaluate the intervention effect of Yi?Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control. Methods Baimiao Village in Daqing Town,Xichang City,where Yi Nationality inhabited,was chosen as a pilot to carry out Yi?Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control from 2012 to 2015. The villagers and students in the pilot area were in?vestigated by questionnaires before and after the intervention to understand their awareness and correct behavior status on schis?tosomiasis control. Results After the intervention of Yi?Han bilingual health education of schistosomiasis control for 3 years, the awareness rate and the correct rate of behavior on schistosomiasis control of the villagers in the pilot area improved from 45.79%and 51.12%in 2012 to 97.80%and 98.78%in 2015. As for the students,the two rates mentioned above improved from 64.16%and 60.83%in 2012 to 100%and 98.89%in 2015 respectively,and all the differences between the rates before and af?ter the intervention were statistically significant( all P<0.01). Conclusion The intervention of Yi?Han bilingual health educa?tion of schistosomiasis control can obviously improve the knowledge awareness rates and the correct rates of behavior of the resi?dents and students in the gathering area of Yi Nationality.

Objective To observe the expression of decorin and its mRNA in the skin of normal mice and lesion of seleroderma mice to explore the possible role of decorin in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Methods Scleroderma mice model induced by Bleomycin were developed and the expression of decorin in the scleroderma mice and normal control mice were determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Comparisons between groups were performed with rank test and t test. Results According to the comparison of the histopathology of skin and lung and the skin collagen content between the model group and the control group, the construction of scleroderma model was successful. The results showed that the expression of decorin had no significant change in each group examined by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of decorin had high expression in normal control mice (0.60±0.15) and low expression in scleroderma mice (0.26±0.03) by RT-PCR. Conclusion The low expression of decorin is detected in scleroderma mice. It is suggested that this low expression maybe related to the high expression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in scleroderma mice to neutralize or consume decorin.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of the primary tumor size in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).Methods:A total of 385 patients with EC admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from January 2006 to December 2016 with complete follow up data were selected, whose tumor size data before biopsy were retrospectively studied.Results:(1) The mean diameter of the primary tumor was (3.6±1.8) cm (range: 1-15 cm). And 48 cases were 0-<2 cm, 78 cases were 2-<3 cm, 92 cases were 3-<4 cm, 73 cases were 4-<5 cm, 94 cases were ≥5 cm. The diameter of the tumor was associated with age <60 years old, premenopause, CA 125≥35 kU/L, non-parturition, poor differentiation, stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, depth of myometrial infiltration ≥1/2, cervical interstitial involvement, adnexal metastasis and lymph node metastasis (all P<0.05), but not associated with body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pathology, lymph-vascular space invasion (all P>0.05). (2) Among the 334 patients underwent lymphadenectomy, 45 (13.5%, 45/334) cases with lymph node metastasis were observed. Stratified analysis showed that lymph node metastasis and recurrence rate of patients with EC gradually increased with the increase of tumor size ( P<0.05). Adopting 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm as cut-off values of tumor size, there were significant differences in the rate of lymph node metastasis and recurrence among them observed ( P<0.05), except for lymph node metastasis rate and recurrence rate when the cut-off value was 2 cm ( P>0.05). (3) An receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that a tumor diameter of 4.25 cm was the cut-off prognostic value to predict lymph node metastasis and recurrence of EC. Conclusions:Tumor diameter is significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence in patients with EC. Tumor size should be considered in determining the scope of surgery and adjuvant therapy.

Objective To induce fluconazole resistance in T.asahii by culture in medium containing increasing concentrations of fluconazole,and to evaluate the stability of the induced resistance.Methods Two T.asahii strains with a highest sensitivity to fluoconazole,including a clinical isolate CBS2479 (minumum inhibitory concentration (MIC) =0.25 μg/ml) and an environmental isolate CBS8904 (MIC =1.5 μg/ml),were selected from 11 T.asahii strains stored in the laboratory of the Department of Dermatology,General Hospital of Beijing Military Region.Both strains were respectively and serially subcultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium containing growing concentrations of fluconazole (from 0.5 MIC to 256 μg/ml).E-test was performed to evaluate the susceptibility of T.asahii to fluconazole after each passage.To evaluate the stability of fluconazole resistance,the T.asahii isolates with induced resistance (MIC ＞ 256 μg/ml) were serially subcultured in drug-free PDA medium,and drug susceptibility assay was performed after each subculture.Results After serial culture in PDA medium containing fluconazole,high level of fluconazole resistance (MIC ＞ 256 μg/ml) developed in both of the fluconazole-susceptible T.asahii strains CBS2479 and CBS8904.The MIC value of fluconazole remained unchanged in the fluconazole-resistant strain CBS2479R,but gradually decreased to 64 μg/ml in the other resistant strain CBS8904R after 18-day culture in fluconazole-free PDA medium.Conclusions Fluconazole resistance can be induced in T.asahii strains from different origins by serial culture in medium containing growing concentrations of fluconazole,and the stability of the induced fluconazole resistance varies between strains of different origins.