Objective To investigate the effects of lactoferrin on activity of PKG in spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of neuropathic pain(NP).Methods Thirty-two male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into4 groups(n = 8 each): sham operation group(group S),NP group,lactoferrin group and KT5823(an inhibitor of PKG)group.Neuropathic pain was produced by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve in group NP,lactoferrin and KT5823,while the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated in groupS.In group S and NP,normal saline 10 μl + 50% dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)10 μl were injected intrathecally.Lactoferrin 100 μg + 50% DMSO 10 μl were given intrathecally in group lactoferrin.Lactoferrin 100 μg + KT5823 10 μl were given intrathecally in group KT5823.The paw withdrawal latency(PWL)to a thermal nociceptive stimulus was measured every 30 min within 180 min after administration.The rats were then sacrificed and the spinal cord was removed.The activity of PKG in the spinal dorsal horn was determined by immunofluorescence.Results Compared with group NP and KT5823,the PWL was significantly prolonged after administration in group lactoferrin and the PKG activity was significantly increased in group lactoferrin(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group NP and group KT5823(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Lactoferrin reduces NP by inhibiting the activity of PKG in spinal dorsal horn in rats.

Objective To investigate the early development of the sinus venosus and the cardiac conduction system (CCS) of human embryonic hearts. Methods Serial transverse sections of 29 human embryonic hearts from Carnegie stage 10 to Carnegie stage 16 (C10-C16) were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),α-sarcomeric actin(α-SCA) and desmin ( DES ). Results During C12 and C13, the sinus venosus formed by confluence of systematic veins at the caudal end of the pericardial cavity could be recognized in the mesenchyme of primitive transverse septum. The mesenchymal cells of the sinus venosus gradually differentiated into α-SCA positive cardiocyocytes. At C14, the sinus venosus was within the pericardial cavity due to expansion of the pericardial cavity and incorporated into the right atrium. Differentiation of DES positive conductive cardiomyocyte was initiated in the right wall of atrio-ventricular canal of C10 embryonic heart and with the development, extended towards the myocardium of the interventricular sulcus to form His bundle, left and right bundle branches as well as the ventricular trabecular myocardium. In the atium, the strong expression of DES was first detected in the dorsal wall of C11 atrium. At C13, unique myocardial band showing α-SCA, α-SMA and DES expression in the left dorsal wall of the sinus venosus were found to be continuous with the basal wall of left atium and the dorsal wall of the atrio-ventricular canal, this band might be related to the development of conduction system from sinoatrial node to atrio-ventricular canal. During C14 to C16, primary conduction pathway of atria with strong DES expression was formed that extended from sinoatrial node along venous valves, DES positive myocardium in the dorsal and ventral walls of the atria to the right atrio-ventricular canal, respectively. Conclusions The mesenchyme of the primitive transverse septum is the heart forming field of human embryos responsible for formation of sinus venosus myocardium, cardiomyocytes are differentiated from mesenchymal cells in the primitive transverse septum and progressively added to the venous pole of the heart tube to form myocardial sinus venosus. The differentiation of CCS of the early human embryo initiates in the atrio-ventricular canal and develops gradually towards the arterial and venous poles of the heart tube. By C16, DES positive embryonic CCS can be clearly recognized morphologically.

Objective To investigate the spatiotemporal expression patterns and the relationship of α-sarcomeric actin(α-SCA) ,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and intermediate filament protein desmin with the maturation of the prenatal and the neonatal mouse hearts. Methods Serial sections of the embryo mouse and the neonatal mouse hearts were immunostained with antibodies against α-SCA, α-SMA and desmin. Results Ventricle and outflow tract of embryonic day(ED) 9 heart showed stronger expression of α-SCA and α-SMA, but desmin expression was lower. In the atrium, the expressions of α-SCA and α-SMA were restricted to the dorsal and ventral walls. In the sinus venosus, only a few weakly stained α-SCA positive cells were detected. No desmin expression was found in the atrium and sinus venosus. The expressions of α-SCA, α-SMA and desmin were increased to their highest level at ED 12. The higher expression of α-SCA remained to the postnatal stages. After ED 12, the expressions of α-SMA and desmin gradually decreased in different parts of the heart, but their expressions in the right ventricle persisted longer. After birth,desmin expression was mainly concentrated in the Z lines of I bands and intercalated disks. Conclusion The presence of spatiotemporal differences in the expression of α-SMA and desmin reveals regional differences in cardiomyocyte maturation in various parts of the embryonic mouse heart. The right ventricle shows a relatively slow pace of maturation. The α-SMA may contribute to a peristaltoid contraction pattern of the embryonic myocardium with a slow shortening speed, and a relatively higher level of desmin is required for the maturation of the sarcomere.

Objective:To investigate the difference in efficacy between transsylvian-transinsular approach and transcortical-transtemporal approach for hematoma evacuation in the treatment of severe basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage in young adults.Methods:Young adult patients with severe intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia region underwent craniotomy hematoma removal in Ankang Central Hospital from February 2012 to February 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. The Glasgow Outcome Scale score was used to evaluate the outcome at 6 months after onset. 4-5 were defined as good outcome and 1-3 were defined as poor outcome. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors of the poor outcomes. Results:A total of 51 patients were enrolled. Their median age was 41 (interquartile range 39-43) years, and 29 were men (56.8%). The median Glasgow Coma Scale score at admission was 6.0 (interquartile range 5.5-7.0), and the median baseline hematoma volume was 38.0 ml (34.5-47.5 ml). Twenty-one patients (41.2%) were in the transsylvian-transinsular approach group and 30 (58.8%) were in the transcortical-transtemporal approach group. There were no significant differences in demographics, vascular risk factors and baseline clinical data between the transsylvian-transinsular approach group and the transcortical-transtemporal approach group. Compared with the transcortical-transtemporal approach group, the amount of intraoperative bleeding and hematoma residue in the transsylvian-transinsular approach group were less, the proportion of patients requiring decompressive craniectomy was lower (33.3% vs. 63.3%; χ2=4.449, P=0.035), and the duration of dehydration medication and hospital stay were shorter (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the good outcome rate between the two groups (66.7% vs. 56.7%; χ2=0.518, P=0.472). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower scores of Glasgow Coma Scale at admission (odds ratio 0.128, 95% confidence interval 0.017-0.977; P=0.047) and longer hospital stay (odds ratio 1.402, 95% confidence interval 1.065-1.844; P=0.016) were independently associated with the poor outcomes. Conclusion:For young adult patients with severe basal ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent hematoma removal, although there was no significant difference between the outcomes of patients with transsylvian-transinsular approach and transcortical-transtemporal approach, the former had more advantages.

Objective To study and search for a balance between the image quality and acquisition speed in tomography of whole body bone scan.Methods Adjustments of acquisition conditions were carried out gradualy every two months since April 2014. The qualities of fused SPECT/CT images were diagnosed by three doctors. Then the picture would be evaluated comprehensively by analyzing image quality and image resolution after adjusting image acquisition conditions.Results Seven kinds of image acquisition conditions taken were in line with diagnostic requirements. The third method is extended to clinical work best.Conclusion To obtain a high colection effi ciency, parameters of bone tomography acquisition can be set a frame of 5 seconds, total 64 (5.625o), automatic probe close and continuous scanning. Also recommends the use of "continuous" instead of "step and shoot" approach in bone SPECT acquisition. tomography, emission-computed, single-photon, bone tomography, program optimization.

Objective To explore and analyze the signals of pneumonia-related adverse events(ADEs)caused by endothelin receptor antagonists(ERAs)and provide reference for clinical safe medication.Methods Based on the the U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)adverse event reporting system(FAERS)database,the data from the first quarter of 2015 to the first quarter of 2023 was extracted,and reporting odds ratio,pro-portional reporting ratio,Bayesian confidence propagation neural network and multi-item gamma poisson shrinker were used for mining.Results 7 279 reports of pneumonia-related ADEs with ERAs as the main suspects were extracted,including 3 705 reports of ambrisentan,1 028 reports of bosentan and 2 546 reports of macitentan.There were 68 pneumonia ADEs related to ERAs,including 21 ambrisentan,25 bosentan and 22 macitentan.According to the criteria for judging the signal of ADEs,there were 14 kinds of ADEs that formed signals,and all the systems involved in system organ classification were infections and infectious diseases.Infectious pneumonia accounted for the highest proportion of adverse reactions(93.61％)and caused the most deaths.Conclusion In the real world,ERAs can lead to pneumonia related ADEs.Female,elderly,and high-dose are important factors in the occurrence of pneumonia-related ADEs,which suggests that medical personnel need to individualized use drugs based on the patient's physiological status and drug characteristics when using ERAs to ensure medication safety.

Objective:To investigate the value of cardiac color ultrasound combined with cardiac ankle vascular index(CAVI)and ankle brachial index(ABI)in the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.Methods:A total of 146 patients with coronary heart disease admitted to Leshan People's Hospital from December 2019 to December 2022 were included in the observation group,and 70 healthy persons who underwent physical examination in the hospital during the same period were included in the healthy control group.Both groups underwent cardiac color ultrasound and the examinations of CAVI and ABI.Myocardial performance index(Tei index),ratio of diastolic peak E velocity(E)to late diastolic peak A velocity(A)(E/A),left atrial diameter(LAD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),CAVI and ABI levels were compared between the two groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to analyze the values of Tei index,E/A,LAD,LVEF,CAVI and ABI in the alone diagnosis of coronary heart disease.The result of coronary angiography was used as the gold standard,and the consistency was used to analyze the efficacy of the combined diagnosis of Tei index,E/A,LAD,LVEF,CAVI and ABI coronary heart disease.Results:The Tei index,LVEF and CAVI levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group(t=19.357,25.728,21.766,P<0.05),and the E/A,LAD and ABI levels in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the healthy control group(t=7.721,2.769,10.610,P<0.05),respectively.The ROC analysis proved that Tei index,E/A,LAD,LVEF,CAVI and ABI could be used to diagnose coronary heart disease.The areas under curve(AUC)values of them were 0.914,0.796,0.553,0.950,0.930 and 0.834,respectively.The result of consistency analysis indicated that the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and Kappa value of the combined diagnosis of Tei index,E/A,LAD,LVEF,CAVI and ABI were respectively 0.986,0.929,0.968 and[0.925(P<0.05)]in diagnosing coronary heart disease.Conclusion:Tei index,E/A,LAD,LVEF,CAVI and ABI can be used to diagnose coronary heart disease,and the combined diagnosis of them has higher efficiency.

Pulmonary hypertension （PH） is a severe and rare chronic cardiopulmonary disorder for which existing vasodilator therapies can only alleviate symptoms， rather than target or fundamentally reverse the disease. Additionally， the long-term prognosis remains poor. Recent studies have found that some novel anti-tumor drugs （NADs） can relieve PH， such as imatinib， gefitinib， sorafenib， olaparib， piperacillin， everolimus， rituximab， etc. However， some NADs can induce PH or exacerbate its symptoms， including dasatinib， lorlatinib， carfilzomib， bevacizumab， trastuzumab， nivolumab， etc. The effects of lapatinib， ruxolitinib， and bortezomib on PAH are controversial. Individualized medication should be adopted in clinical practice when using NADs for treatment， with close monitoring being essential.