Objective To explore if bacillus bifidus relieve CPFX-induced testosterone reduction in mouse testes.Methods Twenty-four male mices were divided into 4 groups, then administered saline for 6 days (Sal6 group), CPFX for 6 days (A6 group), CPFX for 6 days followed by bifidobacteria treatment for the next 6 days (A6+P6 group), CPFX for 6 days and then saline for the next 6 days (A6+Sal6 group).We detected serum levels of testosterone by RIA, as well as levels of steroidogenic enzymes mRNA [cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)] and NF-E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) mRNA in testes by real-time PCR, Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) by Western blot and4-HNE by Immunohistochemistry.Results The A6 group had significantly lower serum testosterone levels compared with the Sal6 group (P<0.001), the A6+P6 group had significantly higher compared with the A6 (P<0.001) and A6+Sal6 groups (P<0.01).The A6 group had significantly lower StAR mRNA compared with the Sal6 group (P<0.001), the A6+P6 group had significantly higher level compared with the A6 (P<0.01) and A6+Sal6 groups (P<0.01).The A6 group had significantly lower P450scc mRNA as compared with the Sal6 group (P<0.001), the A6+P6 group had significantly higher compared with the A6 (P<0.001) and A6+Sal6 groups (P<0.05).The A6 group had significantly lower Nrf2 compared with the Sal6 group (P<0.001), the A6+P6 group had significantly higher compared with the A6(P<0.01) and A6+Sal6 groups (P<0.05).The A6 group higher 4-HNE expression compared with the Sal6 group, the A6+P6 group had significantly lower compared with the A6 (P<0.01) and A6+Sal6 groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Bifidobacteria the reduction of CPFX-induced testosterone reduction, and these effects may potentially explained by Nrf2 inflammatory signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effect of enolase 1 (ENO1) expression on proliferation, apoptosis and migration of lung cancer PC14 cells. Methods: ENO1 over-expression vector-pcDNA3.1/ENO1 was constructed and transfected into PC14 cells at logarithmic growth phase with liposome LipofectamineTM 2000. G418 was used to screen PC14 cells that stably expressing ENO1. The effects of ENO1 over-expression on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of PC14 cells were detected by CCK-8 method, scratch-healing assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: The ENO1 over-expression cell model was successfully constructed. Compared with PC14-vehicle and wild-type PC14 cells, the mRNA and protein expression levels of ENO1 in PC14-ENO1 cells were significantly elevated (all P<0.05), and the proliferation of PC14-ENO1 cells was significantly increased (all P<0.05). The relative mobility of PC14ENO1 cells was significantly higher than that of pcDNA3.1-vehicle cells and wild-type PC14 cells ([13.26±1.13]% vs [8.46±1.11]%, [7.86±1.00]%, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in apoptotic rate among PC14-ENO1, PC14-vehicle and PC14 cells (all P> 0.05) Conclusion: Over-expression of ENO1 promotes proliferation and migration of lung cancer PC14 cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of dyslipidemia among Shandong residents aged 18-69 years.

METHODSThe levels of triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined in fasting serum of 5 ml venous blood for subjects aged 18-69 years who were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling from 20 counties in July, 2011 in 140 counties of Shandong province. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, high blood LDL-C, low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed by the complex weighting. The prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, high blood LDL-C, low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia were compared for different characteristics by Rao-Scott χ(2).

RESULTSThe prevalence of dyslipidemia among 15 350 subjects was 22.70% (3 572), with higher in males (26.91% (2 110/7 683)) than in females (18.41% (1 462/7 667)). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 3.39% (n=582), with higher in Eastern Shandong (4.59% (185/3 704)). The prevalence of high blood LDL-C was 0.56% (n=94), with higher in Eastern Shandong (0.79% (32/3 074)). The prevalence of low blood HDL-C was 11.41% (n=1 789). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 13.02% (n=2 059), higher in urban residents (16.54% (814/4 804)) than in rural (11.52% (1 245/10 546)) (χ(2)=71.54, P<0.001). The difference between the prevalence of low blood HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia was not significant among Eastern Shandong, Central-South and Northwest.

CONCLUSIONDyslipidemia rate was higher among adult residents in Shandong province. The rate was higher for men than for women. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and high blood LDL-C were higher in Eastern Shandong than the other areas. The hypertriglyceridemia and low blood HDL-C were two major types of dyslipidemia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Weight ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Dyslipidemias ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; epidemiology ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Triglycerides ; blood ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

The paper covered in brief the process and achievements of the pre-hospital emergency service standardization in Dezhou. It is held that such development provides the emergency service with a scientific service management appraisal system, and contributes to efficient implementation of such emergency service, making it an effective means for rational resources deployment. The authors recommended to build an effective and standardized operational mechanism and a mechanism for appraisal and supervision, to elevate primary level pre-hospital emergency capability and promote the use standardized tools extensively as well as the formulation and enforcement of such standards at provincial level.

Objective:To evaluate the distribution characteristics of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in macula among normal children using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT), and to investigate the influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Sixty-three children aged 6 to 12 years were enrolled in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2021 to November 2021.Spherical equivalent refraction, axial length (AL) and other ocular biological parameters were measured.Macula-centered CVI and choroidal thickness (ChT) were measured by SS-OCT angiography.According to the ETDRS partition, the obtained image was divided into macular central fovea (0-1 mm diameter), inner ring (1-3 mm diameter) and outer ring (3-6 mm diameter) zones.Data from the right eye were selected for statistical analysis.CVI in the three rings and four zones (superior, temporal, inferior and nasal zones) of the inner and outer rings were compared.Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses were used to analyze the correlation between CVI and sex, AL, anterior chamber depth (ACD), ChT and pupil diameter.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2021-KY-0399-003). Written informed consent was obtained from each guardian.Results:The average CVI in the macular central fovea, inner ring and outer ring were 0.35±0.12, 0.32±0.10 and 0.27±0.08, respectively, with a significant difference ( F=10.96, P<0.001), and significant differences in CVI were found in pairwise comparisons of the three ring zones (all at P<0.05). Significant differences in CVI were found among superior, temporal, inferior and nasal zones in inner and outer rings ( Fring=11.60, P=0.001; Fzone=12.02, P<0.05). The CVI was smaller in superior and nasal zones in inner ring than in temporal zone, greater in superior, temporal and inferior zones in outer ring than in nasal zone, smaller in superior zone of outer ring than that of the inner ring, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.001). The single factor linear regression analysis showed that ChT in the fovea, inner ring and outer ring were the influencing factors of CVI in the three ring zones (all at β=0.001, P<0.001). Pupil diameter ( β=0.034, P=0.038; β=0.040, P=0.003; β=0.024, P=0.011) and ACD ( β=0.097, P=0.034; β=0.097, P=0.013; β=0.061, P=0.032) were the influencing factors of CVI in fovea, inner ring and outer ring.After multiple linear regression analysis, the regression equations were established as follows: CVI in the macular fovea=0.001×ChT in the macular fovea + 0.001×ChT in the inner ring+ 0.001×ChT in the outer ring-0.301 ( R2=0.514, F=6.875, P<0.001); CVI in the inner ring=0.001×ChT in the macular fovea+ 0.001×ChT in the inner ring+ 0.001×ChT in the outer ring+ 0.088×AL-0.307 ( R2=0.603, F=9.870, P<0.001); CVI in the outer ring=0.001×ChT in the macular fovea+ 0.001×ChT in the inner ring+ 0.001×ChT in the outer ring-0.135 ( R2=0.601, F=9.781, P<0.001). Conclusions:In children aged 6-12 years old, the CVI is higher in the macular central fovea than in inner and outer rings, and the CVI in nasal zone is the smallest in both inner and outer rings.The thicker the ChT, the higher the CVI in all zones in the macular area; the deeper the anterior chamber, the higher the CVI in the inner ring.

Objective:To estimate the deaths and life expectancy losses attributed to diet with high salt in Shandong province.Methods:Based on 24 h urinary sodium and blood pressure levels from the final evaluation survey of Shandong-Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension Project (SMASH) in 2016 and death cause data from Shandong Mortality Surveillance System, the population attributable fractions (PAF) and the deaths due to high-salt diet were calculated based on the framework of comparative risk assessment and the life expectancy loss was calculated by life table method.Results:A total of 32 987 deaths caused by high-salt diets were reported in 2016, accounting for 11.74% of related disease deaths and 4.95% of all deaths. The proportion of deaths due to high-salt diet in men (13.51%) was higher than that in women (9.17%). Cardiovascular diseases were the major causes of deaths due to high salt diet, accounting for 90.82% of all disease deaths caused by high-salt diets. The other causes were gastric cancer (8.10%) and chronic kidney disease (1.08%). The PAF in urban residents (13.87%) was higher than that in rural residents (10.87%). A loss of 0.58 years of the life expectancy were attributed to the high-salt diet. The different diseases caused by high-salt diet had different effects on life expectancy loss, ischemic heart disease ranked first, followed by cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction.Conclusions:The proportion of deaths attributed to high-salt diets was high in Shandong. Cardiovascular diseases were the most important causes of deaths caused by high-salt diets. High-salt diet is still seriously affecting the health of residents in Shandong, indicating that salt reduction interventions need to be strengthened.

Peritoneal metastasis is one of the most frequent metastatic patterns of advanced gastric cancer, but the mechanism underlying remains unclear. The 'seed and soil’ theory is now well recognized for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer at present. The combination of various cells, extracellular matrix, and ascites components within the abdominal cavity provide a suitable microenvironment for the plantation, infiltra-tion, growth and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Fully under-standing of peritoneal microenvironment will help to diagnose the peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer and tumor recurrence, and provide theoretical basis for the development of drugs targeting peritoneal microenvironment. The authors review the main cell formation, ascites and immune microenvironment involved in the formation of the peritoneal microenvironment based on relevant literatures at home and abroad, and investigate the relationship between peritoneal microenvironment and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer.

Radix Bupleuri(RB)is commonly used to treat depression,but it can also lead to hepatotoxicity after long-term use.In many anti-depression prescriptions,RB is often used in combination with Radix Paeoniae Alba(RPA)as an herb pair.However,whether RPA can alleviate RB-induced hepatotoxicity remain unclear.In this work,the results confirmed that RB had a dose-dependent antidepressant effect,but the optimal antidepressant dose caused hepatotoxicity.Notably,RPA effectively reversed RB-induced hepatotoxicity.Afterward,the mechanism of RB-induced hepatotoxicity was confirmed.The results showed that saiko-saponin A and saikosaponin D could inhibit GSH synthase(GSS)activity in the liver,and further cause liver injury through oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-KB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)pathway.Furthermore,the mechanisms by which RPA attenuates RB-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated.The results demonstrated that RPA increased the abundance of intestinal bacteria with glycosidase activity,thereby promoting the conversion of saikosaponins to sai-kogenins in vivo.Different from saikosaponin A and saikosaponin D,which are directly combined with GSS as an inhibitor,their deglycosylation conversion products saikogenin F and saikogenin G exhibited no GSS binding activity.Based on this,RPA can alleviate the inhibitory effect of saikosaponins on GSS activity to reshape the liver redox balance and further reverse the RB-induced liver inflammatory response by the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.In conclusion,the present study suggests that promoting the conversion of saikosa-ponins by modulating gut microbiota to attenuate the inhibition of GSS is the potential mechanism by which RPA prevents RB-induced hepatotoxicity.

Objective:To investigate the infrequent gene mutations of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF in colorectal cancer and their clinical significance.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 1 513 patients with colorectal cancer who were admitted to the Peking University Cancer Hospital from December 2013 to November 2018 were collected. There were 921 males and 592 females, aged from 15 to 97 years, with an average age of 59 years. The genomic DNA of tumor tissue was extracted, and the mutation status of KRAS (exon 2, 3), NRAS (exon 2, 3) and BRAF (exon 15) was detected by the Sanger sequencing. Observation indicators: (1) mutation status of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF; (2) relationship of different mutation status of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF with clinicopathological characteristics; (3) infrequent mutation status of single gene and its clinicopathological characteristics; (4) simultaneous mutations of two genes and their clinicopathological characteristics. Count data were expressed by absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed by the chi-square test.Results:(1) Mutation status of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF: the mutation rates of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF were 37.806%(572/1 513), 3.173%(48/1 513) and 5.486%(83/1 513) of the 1 513 patients with colorectal cancer, respectively. The mutation rates of exon 2 and exon 3 in KRAS were 35.889%(543/1 513) and 1.917%(29/1 513), respectively. The mutation rates of exon 2 and exon 3 in NRAS were 1.322%(20/1 513) and 1.851%(28/1 513), respectively. The mutation rate of exon 15 in BRAF was 5.486%(83/1 513). The mutation of KRAS mainly occurred in codon 12, 13 of exon 2 and codon 61 of exon 3, with a mutation rate of 27.759%(420/1 513), 7.733%(117/1 513), and 1.586%(24/1 513), respectively. Infrequent mutation in codon 14, 59, 60 of KRAS were found in 7 patients with colorectal cancer [0.463%(7/1 513)], including V14I mutation in 2 cases [0.132%(2/1 513)], A59T mutation in 2 cases [0.132%(2/1 513)], A59E mutation in 2 cases [0.132%(2/1 513)] and G60D mutation in 1 case [0.066%(1/1 513)]. The mutation of NRAS mainly occurred in codon 12, 13 of exon 2 and codon 61 of exon 3, including Q61K with a mutation rate of 0.925%(14/1 513), followed by G12D with a mutation rate of 0.727%(11/1 513). The mutation rates of Q61R, Q61H, Q61L, G13R, G12C, G12V, G12S, G13D, and G13C were relatively low. The mutation of BRAF mainly occurred in codon 600 of exon 15 as V600E mutation, with a mutation rate of 4.957%(75/1 513). Infrequent mutation in BRAF were found in 8 patients with colorectal cancer, with a mutation rate of 0.529%(8/1 513), including D594G mutation in 5 cases [0.330%(5/1 513)], D594H mutation in 1 case [0.066%(1/1 513)], S607T mutation in 1 case [0.066%(1/1 513)], and 599-600 codon insertion AGA in 1 case [0.066%(1/1 513)]. Of the 1 513 patients, 4 [0.264%(4/1 513)] had simultaneous mutations at codon 12 and 13 of KRAS, including 2 [0.132%(2/1 513)] with simultaneous mutations at G12V and G13D, 1 [0.066%(1/1 513)] with simultaneous mutations at G12D and G13A, and 1 [0.066%(1/1 513)] with simultaneous mutations at G12V and G13F. In addition, 1 patient [0.066%(1/1 513)] had simultaneous mutations at G13D of KRAS and G12S of NRAS, and 1 patient [0.066%(1/1 513)] had simultaneous mutations at G12C of KRAS and Q61H of NRAS. (2) Relationship of different mutation status of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF with clinicopathological characteristics: patients with different tumor location and tumor differentiation degree had significantly different KRAS mutation status ( χ2=25.317, 4.166, P<0.05); patients with different gender, tumor location, tumor differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis had significantly different BRAF mutation status ( χ2= 11.290, 22.317, 38.035, 12.611, P<0.05). The proportion of Q61K mutation and Q61R mutation of NRAS in the patients with age of < 65 and ≥ 65 years was 12/18, 2/10 and 1/18, 5/10, respectively, showing significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=5.600, 7.542, P<0.05). (3) Infrequent mutation status of single gene and its clinicopathological characteristics: 15 of the 1 513 patients had single gene mutation. Of the 7 patients with infrequent mutations in codon 14, 59 and 60 of KRAS, 6 were males and 1 was female; 6 were < 65 years old and 1 was ≥ 65 years old; 3 had tumors located in the left colon, 3 in the right colon and 1 in the rectum; 6 had highly or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; 6 were in stage Ⅳ and 1 was in stage Ⅱ of TNM staging; 6 had distant metastasis and 1 had no distant metastasis; 3 had lymph node metastasis and 4 had no lymph node metastasis; there was no postoperative recurrence. Of the 8 patients with infrequent gene mutation of BRAF, 4 were males and 4 were females; 4 were < 65 years old and 4 were ≥ 65 years old; 5 had tumors located in the left colon, 1 in the right colon and 2 in the rectum; 7 had moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; 5 were in stage Ⅳ, 2 in stage Ⅲ, and 1 in stage Ⅱ of TNM staging; 6 had distant metastasis and 2 had no distant metastasis; 3 had lymph node metastasis and 5 had no lymph node metastasis; 1 had postoperative recurrence. (4) Simultaneous mutations of two genes and their clinicopathological characteristics: 6 of the 1 513 patients had simultaneous mutations of two genes. Of 6 patients with simultaneous mutations of two genes, 5 were males and 1 was female; 2 were < 65 years old and 4 were ≥ 65 years old; 1 had tumor located in the left colon, 4 in the right colon and 1 in the rectum; 5 had highly or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma; 5 were in stage Ⅳ and 1 was in stage Ⅱ of TNM staging; 4 had distant metastasis and 2 had no distant metastasis; 3 had lymph node metastasis and 3 had no lymph node metastasis; 1 had postoperative recurrence. Conclusions:The infrequent mutations of KRAS and BRAF in colorectal cancer often occur in the rare codon region and mainly are point mutations. Different mutations of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF are related to clinicopathological features, which provide an important basis for treatment of colorectal cancer.

In order to evaluate the intervention effect of the school?based salt reduction model, 28 primary schools were selected in Shandong Province in September 2014 and randomly divided into intervention group (1 361 students, 1 306 parents) and control group (1 364 students,1 340 parents). A series of "small hands and big hands"salt reduction intervention activities were conducted in intervention group for 8 months. After the intervention, the total awareness rate of salt reduction knowledge, the total holding rate of related beliefs and the total reporting rate of related behaviors were 70.65%, 80.30% and 67.03% among students, and 85.66%, 93.77% and 87.93% among parents, in the intervention group, which were higher than those in the control group (37.12%, 66.52% and 50.07% among students; 55.11%, 87.52% and 57.96% among parents) (all P values<0.05). The school?based salt reduction model is effective and feasible.