Objective To investigate the distribution of cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and the polymorphism of EPIYA motifs in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases in Changchun area of China and to evaluate the association between EPYIA motifs patterns and gastrointestinal diseases.Methods Hp strains were isolated from clinical samples.Their cagA gene was analyzed by PCR and sequencing analysis.Nucleotide sequence of cagA gene was translated into amino acid sequence by using DNAMAN software,and then the amino acid sequence was imported into software MEGA6.0 for multiple comparisons and construction of a phylogenetic tree.Results A total of 60 Hp strains were isolated and identified from gastric mucosa specimens collected from 298 patients.Hp infection was not correlated with patient's age or sex (P>0.05).The isolation rate of Hp in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) group was higher than that in non-peptic ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) group (P<0.05).Of the 60 Hp strains,90% (54/60) carried cagA gene.Twenty-three out of 26 successfully sequenced strains (88.4%) were East Asian-type including 22 containing EPIYA-ABD motif and one containing EPIYA-ABBD motif.The other three strains (11.6%) were Western type including two carrying EPIYA-ABC motif and one carrying EPIYA-BC motif.Results of the phylogenetic tree showed that the sequences of cagA gene were clustered into two groups,East Asian-type and Western-type groups.East Asian-type strains caused no disease cluster of statistical significance.All Western-type Hp strains were isolated from patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD).Four mutant Hp strains were detected in the PUD group and the amino acid mutations preferentially occurred in the EPIYA-B segment.Conclusion The positive rate of Hp cagA gene is 90% in this region.Its distribution is not related to the type of gastrointestinal diseases.EPIYA-ABD (84.6%,22/26) is the predominant EPIYA motif.The amino acid mutation of EPIYA-B segment is closely related to peptic ulcer disease.Neither significant change in the sequence of 3' region of Hp cagA gene nor regional difference is observed in those Hp strains circulating in Changchun area of China.

ObjectiveTo explore the changes of astrocytes in vitro on the expression of Cyclin D1 under normal and hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions.MethodsThe primary astrocytes were isolated from the cortex of SD fetal rats(less than 24 hours) and identified by immunosytochemical method with anti-GFAP antibody after 3 passages.Astrocytes of passage 3 were divided into normal group ( control group),hypoxia/reoxygenation group ( H/R 37℃ ),and mild hypothermiaintervention group( H/R 32℃ )separately.Astrocytes from the later tow groups were reoxygenated with 4,12,and 20 hours separately after exposed to hypoxia conditions for 8 hours.Trypan blue staining was employed to detect the survival rates and immunofluorescence,western-blot were used to analyse the expressin of Cyclin D1 of of astrocytes of different groups and time points.Results 1.The GFAP positive astrocytes from passage 3 exceeded 95 ％.2.With regard to morphology and survival rates,there is no difference between astrocytes of normal and hypothermia groups after 8 hours exposure to hypoxia conditions.Reoxygenation could obviously rise astrocytes mortality with time went by ( H/R 37 ℃ group:12.87 ± 2.76 ( R4 ),31.55 ± 3.00 ( R12 ),46.40 ±8.50(R20) ;H/R 32℃ group:6.77 ± 1.53( R4),15.97 ±4.00(R12),28.33 ±5.69(R20) ;all P＜0.05).3.Immunofluorescence and western-blot revealed that reoxygenation increased Cyclin D1expression markedly,which was proportional to the duration of reoxygenation.Mild hypothermia could reduce Cyclin D1 expression of astrocytes severely under reoxygenation condition.ConclusionCyclin D1 expression can be regarded as a sensitive index of damage to astrocytes caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions.

Objective To explore the related factors that might had effect on orthodontic patients' esthetic evaluation of axial dental midline angulation from three aspects which are ideal value,detectable value and tolerable value.Methods Photographs of a smiling woman was digitally manipulated to produce models with left or right maxillary axial dental midline angulations in 2° increments.These digital photographs models were used to develop an electronic questionnaire in combination with corresponding guidance for each question.The electronic questionnaire was applied to investigate the esthetic evaluation of axial dental midline angulation from 222 orthodontic patients who complied with the inclusion criteria.Esthetic evaluation included three aspects,the ideal value,the detectable value and the tolerable value,which represented the degrees of maxillary axial dental midline angulations the patients considered to be ideal,detectable and tolerable,respectively.The patients' personal information and clinical orthodontic examination results were collected as well.Results The mean detectable value and tolerable value were 4.9° and 9.7°,the median of detectable value and tolerable value were 5°and 9.5°.Logistic regression analysis was applied to explore the influence of seven factors on each evaluator's ideal value,detectable value and tolerable value.The seven factors were gender,marriage condition,education level,orthodontic treatment condition,malocclusion index,dental esthetic rating from others and from themselves.The statistical analysis indicated education level and orthodontic treatment condition were the influential factors of detectable values,while the tolerable values were influenced by the education level and gender.The ideal value converged to 0° and none of the factors had effect on it.Conclusions The education level,orthodontic treatment condition and gender are considered to be the influential factors of the esthetic evaluation of axial dental midline angulation.

Background: Due to unrational use of antibiotics in clinical practice, the resistance rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) has increased year by year. The drug resistance rate is different in different regions. Aims: To investigate the resistance of Hp to seven commonly used antibiotics in Changchun area, and provide the theoretical guidance for clinical treatment of Hp infection. Methods: The gastric mucosal specimens of 298 patients undergone gastroscopy from Sept. 2014 to Oct. 2017 at the First Hospital of Jilin University were collected. Hp was isolated and identified. The antibiotic sensitivity of Hp was detected by agar dilution method. Results: A total of 69 Hp strains were successfully isolated from 298 gastric mucosal specimens, the isolation rate was 23.1%. The susceptibility test results showed that the resistance rate of clarithromycin was the highest among the 69 strains (52.2%), the lowest was the resistance rate to amoxicillin (5.8%). Seventeen (24.6%) strains were sensitive to the seven antibiotics, 16 (23.2%) strains were resistant to one antibiotic, and 36 (52.2%) strains were resistant to more than two antibiotics. Conclusions: Hp in this region is highly resistant to clarithromycin and nitrooxazoles. Amoxicillin can be recommended as a treatment for eradication of Hp infection.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion plus moving cupping on the back in treating sub-health in the undergraduates. Method According to the theory of preventive treatment in the Chinese medicine, 30 undergraduates with sub-health were treated by acupuncture at Baihui (GV20), Guanyuan (CV4), and bilateral Zusanli (ST36), plus moving cupping to the Governor Vessel, totally for 20 d. The Self-rating Sub-health Scale (SRSHS) was adopted for evaluation before and after intervention, for observing the clinical efficacy. Result Of the 30 subjects, 14 were recovered, 14 showed effective, 2 failed, and the total effective rate was 93.3%. The SRSHS score dropped significantly after intervention (P＜0.001). The psychological factor responded most significantly to the intervention, followed by the physical factor, while the social function factor didn’t show a significant change. Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion plus moving cupping is significantly effective in improving and treating the sub-health state in the undergraduates.

Objective To investigate the resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains to common antibiotics and to analyze the sites of genetic mutations carried by clarithromycin-resistant strains in order to provide reference for selecting sensitive antibiotics against H. pylori and for providing individualized treatment for patients in Changchun area. Methods Drug resistance of H. pylori clinical isolates to common antibiotics was detected by disk dilution method. The 23S rRNA genes of clarithromycin-resistant strains were amplified by PCR and then sequenced to analyze the presence of mutations. Results In this study, 69 strains of H. pylori were successfully isolated with a positive rate of 23. 1％ . Results of the drug susceptibility test to seven commonly used antibiotics showed that there were 52. 2％ of the isolates resistant to clarithromy-cin, 47. 8％ to tinidazole, 37. 7％ to levofloxacin, 33. 3％ to tetracycline hydrochloride, 30. 4％ to furazoli-done, 30. 4％ to metronidazole and 5. 8％ to amoxicillin. Amoxicillin could continue to be used as a first-line antimicrobial agent. Seven mutation sites were found in the 23S rRNA genes carried by the clarithromy-cin-resistant strains, which were A1821G, G1826A, T1830C, G1940A, A2143G, T2182C and A2223G. The A2143G site mutation accounted for 54. 2％ and was the predominant mutation resulting in the resistance to clarithromycin of H. pylori strains circulating in this area. Conclusions The H. pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal diseases in Changchun area had a high resistance rate to clarithromycin, which was mainly caused by the A2143G mutation in 23S rRNA gene.

Objective To explore the influential factors of esthetic evaluation of mandibular prominence by orthodontic patients from two dimensions (ideal value and tolerance range).Methods 226 orthodontic patients were investigated by an electronic questionnaire of esthetic evaluation of mandibular prominence.Binary logistic regression was adopted to analyze the influential factors.Results The tolerable boundary value for female mandibular retrognathism was affected by age (OR1.360) and orthodontic history (OR2.849).The tolerable boundary value for female mandibular prognathism and male mandibular retrognathism were found to be affected by orthodontic history (OR2.557 and 2.845,respectively).The tolerable boundary value for male mandibular prognathism was affected by age (OR1.347) and orthodontic history (OR2.310).The ideal value of male mandibular prominence was affected by age (OR1.420).Conclusions Orthodontic patients' esthetic evaluation of mandibular prominence is influenced by age and treatment condition,but not by sex,education level,marital status and personal profile.

Background:Ulcerative colitis (UC)is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Studies have shown that intestinal injury of UC is related to changes of tight junction proteins. Aims:To investigate the expressions and localizations of tight junction protein claudin-1,-2,-4. Methods:Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group and model group. Rats in model group received 7. 5 mg/ mL oxazolone enema to induce experimental colitis. Rats received 0. 9%NaCl solution enema were served as normal controls. Macroscopic score and histological score were assessed. ELISA was used to determine serum and colon tissue inflammatory factor TNF-α,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10 levels. Protein expressions of tight junction protein claudin-1,-2,-4 were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. mRNA expressions of claudin-1,-2,-4 were determined by real-time PCR. Results:Compared with normal control group,macroscopic score and histological score were significantly increased (P < 0. 05),serum and colon tissue IL-4 and IL-5 levels were significantly increased (P < 0. 05)in model group,however,no significant differences in TNF-α and IL-10 levels were found between the two groups (P > 0. 05). mRNA and protein expressions of claudin-1,-4 were significantly decreased in model group than in normal control group (P < 0. 05),while mRNA and protein expressions of claudin-2 were significantly increased (P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Changes of distributions and expressions of tight junction protein claudin-1,-2,-4 are found in experimental colitis rats,which may lead to impaired epithelial barrier,and might be served as potential target for treatment of UC.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of INTERCEPT Foam Spray (IFS) application on delayed endoscope reprocessing through microbiological surveillance culture (MSC). Methods: A quasi-experimental, matched-comparison pilot study was conducted using gastrointestinal endoscopy. IFS was applied to the endoscopes after precleaning and before reprocessing the next day. An equal number of endoscopes, matched by endoscope type, were subjected to routine reprocessing. The MSC were subjected to high-level disinfection to detect any contamination. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test (categorical data) and Student t-test (continuous data). Results: In total, 150 MSCs were collected from 42 endoscopes. Positive MSCs were observed in 4.0% (4/75) of the sprayed group and 1.3% (1/75) of the control group (95% confidence interval, 30.34–0.31; p>0.05), all of which were contributed by colonoscopes. Colonoscope were more prone to positive MSC (mean difference in percentage, p<0.05). Mean spraying hours were not associated with detected growth (11.7% vs. 13.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to –5.27; p>0.05), with environmental and skin flora being the primary contaminants. Conclusions IFS may be applied when delayed endoscope processing is necessary, but with caution when applied to colonoscopes. However, further research is warranted to verify the result.

Background/Aims: This study aimed to assess the impact of INTERCEPT Foam Spray (IFS) application on delayed endoscope reprocessing through microbiological surveillance culture (MSC). Methods: A quasi-experimental, matched-comparison pilot study was conducted using gastrointestinal endoscopy. IFS was applied to the endoscopes after precleaning and before reprocessing the next day. An equal number of endoscopes, matched by endoscope type, were subjected to routine reprocessing. The MSC were subjected to high-level disinfection to detect any contamination. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test (categorical data) and Student t-test (continuous data). Results: In total, 150 MSCs were collected from 42 endoscopes. Positive MSCs were observed in 4.0% (4/75) of the sprayed group and 1.3% (1/75) of the control group (95% confidence interval, 30.34–0.31; p>0.05), all of which were contributed by colonoscopes. Colonoscope were more prone to positive MSC (mean difference in percentage, p<0.05). Mean spraying hours were not associated with detected growth (11.7% vs. 13.6%; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to –5.27; p>0.05), with environmental and skin flora being the primary contaminants. Conclusions IFS may be applied when delayed endoscope processing is necessary, but with caution when applied to colonoscopes. However, further research is warranted to verify the result.