Objective To establish an animal model to investigate the effects of prolonged vaginal distension on the leak-point pressure(LPP) and urethral anatomy.Methods Eighteen virgin female rats were randomly divided into control group(6 rats) and experimental group(12 rats).In the experimental group,the rats were underwent vaginal distension for 4 h. The rats in the control group were not received vaginal distension.The greatest bladder volume and LPP were measured,and sneeze test was performed for all rats in two groups 4 weeks after distension.All the rats were killed after the test and the bladder and urethra were harvested for histological study.Results The greatest bladder volume and LPP were significantly decreased than those of control group.Stress urinary incontinence(SUI) was occurred in 45.5% rats of the experiment group,but none in control group.Histological studies showed that the urethral striated and smooth muscle became thin,but the collagenic tissue was increased.There was no change in control group.Conclusion Prolonged vaginal distension can cause SUI and it is a desirable animal model for studying the mechanism and treatment of SUI.

OBJECTIVETo study the absorption kinetics of dehydrocavidine in rats' stomachs and intestines.

METHODThe absorption kinetics was investigated by the in situ perfusion in rats and the concentrations of drug perfusion solutions were determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe hourly absorption percentages of dehydrocavidine in stomach, small intestine were 8.88%, 2.08%, respectively. Although the absorption rate constants of dehydrocavidine in duodenum and jejunum are more than that in ileum and colon, there is no significance difference between them. The absorption rate constants kept at the same level when the concentrations of drug perfusion solution are at middle and high level. The increase of the pH of perfusion solution didnt significantly affect the absorption rate constants of the drug.

CONCLUSIONDehydrocavidine was absorbed poorly at stomach and all segments of intestine in rats, but the absorptions in stomach are better than intestine. Dehydrocavidine was absorbed mainly via passive transport mechanism between middle and high concentration levels.

Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; pharmacokinetics ; Colon ; metabolism ; Duodenum ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stomach ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)expression in the related periodontal tissue on bone remodeling under different distracting force during rapid tooth movement by resistance reduction and distraction. Methods:1 2 Beagle dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows:5 d distraction,1 5 d distraction,1 5 d distraction and 1 0 d retaining and 1 5 d distraction and 90 d retaining.4 4 were distalized.6 teeth in each group were randomly assigned to re-sistance and distracting method,resistance and conventional method and conventional method,and there were 2 teeth in each group.Moving teeth models were prepared regularly.BMP-2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results:The BMP-2 positive expression of the 3 groups of different distraction schedule showed similar distribution area,and it reached peak at the end of 1 5-day distration,but the group of resistance and distracting method showed the maximum peak(P <0.05)and maximum tooth movement(P <0.01 ).In different stages of distraction,the positive expression in the group of resistance reduc-tion and conventional method was higher than in the group of conventional method but lower than the group of resistance reduction and extraction method(P <0.05).There was no significant difference in BMP-2 positive expression among 3 groups when retai-ning was 90 d(P >0.05).Conclusion:Resistance reduction with sustained strong distracting force can significantly increased the positive expression of BMP-2 and effectively accelerate new bone formation in periodontal tissue.

BACKGROUND:It is very important to appreciate the Sagittal discrepancy during the diagnosis and therapy in orthodontics patients.At present,ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value were often used to evaluate the mandible and maxilla relationships in orthodontic clinic.Correlation and variance degree among these parameters were analyzed to judge the reliability.OBJECTIVE:To compare the reliability of ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value in assessing sagittal discrepancy between mandible and maxilla in transitional dentition cases with Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion.METHODS:Totally 56 patients of Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion in transitional dentition at the Department of Orthodontics,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,between January 2004 and June 2009,were selected.ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value of Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion in transitional dentition were measured on the cephalometric radiographs.The radiographs were scanned by Microtek Phantom 9800 XL scanner at proportion of 1:1 with 300 dpi pixels,and saved as JPG format.The JPG pictures were fixed-point using Photoshop 8.0 to measure ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value,the mean value was obtained after 3 times measurement.The correlation and variance degree among these parameters were analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Significant correlation was found among ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value (P＜0.05).The coefficients of variation for the 4 indexes were 1.35,0.75,0.07 and 0.04,respectively.The results demonstrated that,it is accurate to use ANB angle,AXB angle,Beta angle and APDI value as cephalometric norm to evaluate sagittal discrepancy of maxmandibul in transitional dentition cases with Angle's class Ⅲ malocclusion.However,the APDI value is more reliable as cephalometric norm.

BACKGROUND:Beta angle,as a new index for the assessment of sagittal jaw relationship,has been widely used by clinical doctors.However,hand-made measurement but not academic software is still adopted in some hospital.OBJECTIVE:To study the beta angle of different skeletal patterns in Urumqi city for the clinical use of the method to assess the sagittal jaw relationship,and verify the possibility of Photoshop software to measurement of beta angle.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:An observational experiment and measurement design was performed at Department of Orthodontics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2006 to May 2009.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 262 malocclusion cases including 94 males and 168 females were lived in Urumqi City.They were divided into three groups based on type of facies ossea,including type Ⅰ group (n=119),type Ⅱ group (n=74),and type Ⅲ group (n=69).METHODS:Lateral position of skull was photographed using X-ray,and beta angle was measured using Photoshop 8.0 software.Sex and type of facies ossea were compared using one-way analysis of variance and t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Beta angle of male and female;beta angle of the types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ.RESULT:There was no significant difference in beta angle between males and females (P>0.05).Beta angle of type Ⅰ was (34.15±3.88)°,that of type Ⅱ was (26.42±2.65)°,and that of type Ⅲ was 42.41°±1.88°.There was significant difference in beta angle among three types of facies ossea (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Beta angle is an index for the assessment of sagittal jaw relationship.The reference range of the beta angle is 30°-38°.Photoshop 8.0 software is a novel tool to measure cephalometry.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of survivin and PTEN in bladder transitional cell carcinoma(TCC).Methods The expression of survivin and PTEN was studied by S-P immunohistochemisty in 10 cases of normal urinary bladder tissues and 62 cases of the bladder TCC. Results All the normal urinary bladder tissues showed positive staining pattern of PTEN protein, negative staining pattern of survivin protein, positive rate of PTEN in 62 cases of the bladder TCC is 46.8%,the difference of positive rate between grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅲ was significant(P＜0.05),the difference of positive rate between Tis～T_1 and T_2～T_4 showed a trend of decreasing, but there was no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05);positive rate of survivin in 62 cases of the bladder TCC is 56.5%,the difference of positive rate between grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅲ was significant(P＜0.05),the difference of positive rate between Tis～T_1 and T_2～T_4 was significant too(P＜0.05).The expression of PTEN protein and survivin protein was reversely correlated(P＜0.05).Conclusion The abnormal expression of PTEN protein and survivin protein play an important role in the occurrence and progress of the bladder TCC.It can be regarded as a useful diagnostic marker in the bladder TCC.

Objective To investigate the effects of triamcinolone acetonide combined with tanshinone ⅡA (Monomer of tanshinone)injection on oral submucous fibrosis(OSF)and the effect of serum TGF-β1 and IL-6 on patients.Methods 92 patients with OSF,w ho came to the hospital for treatment from April 2013 to April 2016,were selected and randomly divided into control group(46 cases)and experimental group(46 ca-ses).They were respectively treated with triamcinolone acetonide and triamcinolone acetonide combined with tanshinone injection.The two groups were treated for 3 courses and were followed up for 12 months.The VAS scores and mouth opening were compared between the two groups before the treatment and 2,4,6,and 12 months after the treatment,The serum TGF-β1,IL-6,lesion area and the changes of quality of life oral health impact scale(OHIP-14)scores of two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results 6 months after follow-up,the maximum mouth opening of the two groups was significantly increased than that before treatment,and improvement speed and improvement degree of the experimental group were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).After 2,4,6 and 12 months follow-up,the VAS scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05),but the VAS score of two groups after 12 months increased than that after 6 months,and the control group was more obvious(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group and before the treat-ment(P<0.05);After treatment,the lesion area of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the OHIP-14 score was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was significant compared with this group before treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion The local injec-tion treatment of triamcinolone and tanshinone injection has godd efficacy of OSF patients,and significantly re-duces the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in serum.

Objective To investigate the effect of flipped classroom model in the theory teaching of urology,and to provide a reference for promoting teaching methods.Methods The clinical medicine classes 1 and 2 of 2014 in the five-year undergraduate program,with 120 students in each class,were enrolled,with class 1 as teaching reform class and class 2 as traditional teaching class.The flipped classroom model was applied in class 1,and the traditional teaching method was applied in class 2.Tests and questionnaires were used at the end of the class to evaluate teaching effect.All the data were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 6.1,t test and Chi-square test were used for stabistical analysis.Results There were significant differences between the teaching reform class and the traditional teaching class in the mean score of chapter test [(80.78± 9.02) vs.(75.03 ± 7.98),P ＜0.05] and the mean score of comprehensive quality [(82.09 ± 8.89) vs.(76.34 ± 6.45),P＜0.05].The questionnaire survey showed an overall degree of satisfaction of 98.5％ among students;81.67％ of all students actively participated in learning,91.67％ were willing to participate in the teaching with flipped classroom model,75.84％ thought this model improved learning enthusiasm,65％ thought it improved the ability of self-study,73.33％ thought it improved their understanding of the learning content,and 84.17％ thought it strengthened the communication between teachers and students.Conclusion The flipped classroom model has a better effect than the traditional teaching model in the theory teaching of urology and is easily accepted by students.Therefore,it holds promise for clinical application.

Objective: To report a case of peripheral neuropathy secondary to copper deficiency (CD) by long-term decoppering chelation in Wilson′s disease (WD) to enhance understanding of the disease, and to pay more attention to individualized treatment of WD. Methods: A case of WD diagnosed 12 years ago confirmed by gene detection and since then treated with anti-copper agent was diagnosed as CD based peripheral neuropathy and significant neutropenia and followed up for six months, and the clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, electrophysiology, imaging features were summarized. The related literatures were reviewed. Results: A total of 16 cases of WD complicated with CD were reviewed and analyzed, including seven males and nine females aged 13-56 years. All of them were treated with zinc for 1-38 years, and nine cases with peripheral neuropathy. Hematological indicators can be significantly improved and neurological symptoms can be partially alleviated after stopping copper removal treatment. Conclusions Peripheral neuropathy in a WD with treatment-related CD may occur in blind treatment, irregular treatment monitoring and without individualized treatment adjustment. It is necessary to monitor blood routine, copper and zinc metabolism regularly and advocate individualized treatment of WD.