Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of major chronic diseases among Kirgiz residents in Aheqi County, Xinjiang, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in this area. Methods　The data of residents in Aheqi County, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2020 for health checkup were selected, and the permanent residents of Kirgiz nationality aged ≥18 were selected as the survey objects, and the prevalence of major chronic diseases and their influencing factors were analyzed by Logistic regression model. Results　A total of 21 935 patients were enrolled, and 10 602 patients suffered from chronic diseases with a prevalence rate of 48.33%, including 4 929 cases of hypertension with a prevalence rate of 22.47%, 4 238 cases of obesity with a prevalence rate of 19.32%, 3 610 cases of dyslipidemia with a prevalence rate of 16.46%, 1 632 cases of anemia with a prevalence of 7.44%, and 1 236 cases of type 2 diabetes with a prevalence of 5.63%. The prevalence of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes increased with age, while the prevalence of anemia decreased with age (P<0.01). The prevalence of hypertension dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes was higher in males than in females, and the prevalence of obesity and anemia was higher in females than in males, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that 30-<40 years old (OR=1.836, 95%CI: 1.565-2.034), 40-<50 years old (OR=2.916, 95%CI: 2.613-3.255), 50-<60 years old (OR=5.244, 95%CI: 4.651-5.913), 60 years old and above (OR=10.866, 95%CI: 9.533-12.385), government personnel (OR=1.789, 95%CI: 1.405~2.279), professional and technical personnel (OR=1.774, 95%CI:1.372-2.295), the office staff (OR=1.923, 95%CI: 1.418-2.607) occasional alcohol consumption (OR=1.157, 95%CI: 1.055-1.270) and occasional exercise (OR=1.498, 95%CI: 1.238-1.812) were risk factors for chronic disease. Conclusion　The prevalence of chronic diseases among residents in Aheqi County of Xinjiang is at a low level. Local health institutions have strengthened health education and publicity on multiple chronic diseases and the prevention and control of anemia among young and middle-aged women.

OBJECTIVETo improve the diagnostic ability of routine laboratory items in liver diseases associated with viral hepatitis through constructing assessment models consisting of these items.

METHODS(1) Assessment of routine items and formulation of models. Data of 447 patients seen between May 1997 and August 2003 were collected as the training set and serum specimens of 213 patients taken between June 2004 and March 2005 were examined and used as the validation set. Eleven items (TP, ALB, TBIL, DBIL, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, TBA, LDH, CHE) were examined with an automated biochemical analyzer. Logistic regression was applied to construct the model for discriminating between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. The diagnostic value of items and models was assessed by the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

RESULTSThe model to discrimination between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis consists of five items (CHE, DBIL, ALB, ALT, GLO). The AUCs of model were 0.87 in the training set and 0.83 in validation set, respectively.

CONCLUSION(1) The model consisting of CHE, DBIL, ALB, ALT, GLO improves the diagnostic value of routine laboratory items in discriminating chronic hepatitis from liver cirrhosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Algorithms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; physiopathology ; virology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; virology ; Liver Function Tests ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of clonal evolution after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in children with severe/very severe aplastic anemia (SAA/VSAA).

METHODSThe clinical data of 231 children with newly-diagnosed SAA/VSAA who received IST were retrospectively studied. The incidence and risk factors of clonal evolution after IST were analyzed.

RESULTSThe 5-year overall survival rate of the 231 patients was 82.7%. Except for 18 cases of early deaths, 213 patients were evaluated for IST efficacy. Among the 231 patients, cytogenetic abnormalities for at least two chromosome metaphase were detectable in 14 (7.4%) patients, and PNH clones were detectable in either peripheral red blood cells or neutrophils for 95 patients. Among the 213 patients evaluated for IST efficacy, 15 patients experienced clonal evolution after IST. Five patients had PNH and trisomy 8 which were defined as favorable progressions, and ten patients experienced monosomy 7 and MDS/AML as unfavorable progressions. The 5-year accumulative incidence of favorable and unfavorable progression were (2.2±2.2)% and (4.8±3.3)%, respectively. Until the last follow-up, 100% (5/5) of patients with favorable progressions and 50% (5/10) of patients with unfavorable progressions survived. WBC>3.5×10/L, CD3T cell percentage>80%, dosage of antithymocyte globulin >3.0 mg/(kg·d) and no response to IST were related to unfavorable progressions by univariate analysis. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that an increased CD3T cell percentage (>80%) and no response to IST were independent risk factors for unfavorable progressions.

CONCLUSIONSThe children with SAA/VSAA who have an increased CD3T cell percentage at diagnosis or have no response to IST are in high risks of unfavorable progressions.

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; mortality ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Clonal Evolution ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Infant ; Male ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We have found that expression of γδT cells is increased in pathological mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) compared with normal nasal mucosa. This increase is correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils in CRSwNP. Here, we investigated the expression of γδT cells, inflammation and tissue remodeling factors as well as their probable relationships in different types of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in China. METHODS: A total of 76 surgical tissue samples that included 43 CRSwNP samples (15 eosinophilic and 28 non-eosinophilic), 17 CRS samples without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and 16 controls were obtained. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of Vγ1⁺γδT cells, Vγ4⁺γδT cells, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), interleukin (IL)-8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2, metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-4 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the protein level of ECP and MMP-7 in CRSwNP. The eosinophils were counted and the level of edema was analyzed with HE staining. RESULTS: The mRNA expression levels of the Vγ1 subset, ECP and MMP-7 were significantly increased in CRSwNP with histological characteristics of eosinophilic infiltration and edema. The expression of the Vγ1 gene in CRSwNP correlated positively with the expression of both ECP and MMP-7. No significant decreases in the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β2, TIMP-4 or HIF-1α were observed in the CRSwNP samples. The expression levels of Vγ1 gene, ECP and MMP-7 were significantly increased in eosinophilic CRSwNP compared to non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the associations between Vγ1⁺γδT cells, ECP and MMP-7 in CRSwNP, indicating that Vγ1⁺γδT cells can induce the eosinophilic inflammation, which has a further effect on the formation of edema.
China ; Edema* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Eosinophils* ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Mucosa ; Nasal Polyps* ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factors

To obtain water-soluble holothurian glycosides with high tumor suppressing activities from Apostichopus japonicus, macroporous resin, silica gel and gel-filtration column chromatograghy were used to purify the water-soluble holothurian glycosides, and their tumor suppressing activity and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells were examined in this study. The 70% ethanol fraction of macroporous resin column, the pSC-2 and pSC-3 fractions from silica gel column showed very strong tumor suppressing activity towards HeLa cells, A-549 lung cancer cells, SGC-7901 stomach cancer cells and Bel-7402 liver cancer cells. SC-2 and SC-3 fraction purified from Sephadex LH-20 gel-filtration column chromatography, with a purity above 99.6%, all had the properties of triterpenoid glycosides. Purified SC-2 fraction had remarkable tumor suppressing activity on HeLa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and had prominent tumor suppressing activity to mouse S180 solid tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, the SC-2 fraction also had remarkable ability in elevating mouse thymus index and spleen index. The purified SC-2 fraction could induce apoptosis of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner, and DNA fragmentation of HeLa cells occurred after treated 12 h with 10 mg x L(-1) and 50 mg x L(-1) of SC-2 fractions. From the results, it can be concluded that the purified SC-2 fraction of water-soluble holothurian glycosides has extremely strong tumor suppressing activity, and the suppression is realized by inducing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. This study lays solid foundation for development of highly effective new natural anticancer agents from sea cucumbers.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Random Allocation ; Sarcoma 180 ; pathology ; Stichopus ; chemistry ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

The p53 signaling pathway works as a potent barrier to tumor progression. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene loci of p53 pathway, p53 codon 72 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 (T > G), have been shown to cause perturbation of p53 function, but the effect of the two SNPs on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains inconsistent. This study investigated the influence of combined p53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 on the risk of developing HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and evaluated the significance of the two combined SNPs on patient prognosis. In total, 350 HCC patients, 230 non-HCC patients, and 96 healthy controls were genotyped for the p53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309. The combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G genotype was significantly associated with HCC risk (P = 0.047). Multivariate analysis indicated that combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G genotype was an independent factor affecting recurrence and survival (P < 0.05). Patients with combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G genotypes had a poorer prognosis than other genotypes, P < 0.01 for both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). DFS and OS rates also differed significantly between Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A patients with combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G and other genotypes (P < 0.05). Thus, the combined p53 Pro/Pro and MDM2 G/G genotype is associated with increased risk of developing HCC and is an independent adverse prognostic indicator in early stage HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Carrier State ; virology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; physiology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics

BACKGROUNDTo study the difference between the mutant types and the wild type of HBsAg on the binding efficiency with antibodies in order to find some methods to detect the mutants.

METHODSThe recombinant wild type of HBsAg and the mutants including 145 R, 133 T, 126 S, 141 E, 126 S+133 T, 126 S+133 T+145 R and 126 S+133 T+141 E were cloned, respectively. Then the expression vector containing the wild or mutant gene was transfected into COS7 cells, and the recombinant proteins were expressed. The proteins were detected with the routine HBsAg kits.

RESULTSThe binding efficiency with monoclonal antibodies of HBsAg expressed by 126 S was higher than that of the wild type, while the results of 145 R, 141 E, 126 S+133 T+145 R and 126 S+133 T+141 E were lower than that of the wild, and 133 T was similar to the wild. But most of the mutants had the same reactivity with the polyclonal antibody.

CONCLUSIONSThe effect of mutations on antibody binding differs depending on the amino acid involved and on the location within the "a" loop. So it is necessary to use polyclonal antibody or to find new kits to detect the mutants of HBsAg.

Binding Sites, Antibody ; Epitopes ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Mutation ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of cortactin antibody in myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods Cortactin antibody in the serum of 100 MG patients, 40 normal controls and 40 other neuroimmune diseases patients was examined by Western blotting and ELISA using purified recombinant human protein cortactin as antigen .Acetylcholine receptor antibody ( AchR-ab ) and muscle specific kinase antibody (MuSK-ab) were parallely measured by ELISA.Results Antibodies to cortactin were found in nine (9％) serum samples of 100 MG patients.Four of the nine cortactin antibody positive sera were also positive for AChR-ab.The rest five MG patients only had antibodies against cortactin ( no detectable AChR-ab or MuSK-ab).None of the control subjects (including 40 normal controls and 40 other neuroimmune diseases patients ) had cortactin antibodies.Most (7/9) of the cortactin antibody positive MG patients presented with early-onset subgroup.Patients only with cortactin antibodies did not appear to have thymoma.Patients with MG who had both AChR and cortactin antibodies showed maximum involvement of muscles and severe Osserman's classification ( three cases of type ⅡB and one case of type Ⅳ) . Conclusion Cortactin antibody may be a new antibody for MG , which can provide clues for further exploring the potential pathogenic mechanisms of the disease .

Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) accessed by SVOF-principle and two-step puncture techniques. Methods: A total of 838 cases with upper urinary stones underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy successfully accessed by ultrasound-guided between June 2007 and December 2015 at Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Of all cases were divided in two groups: hydronephrosis calyces puncture group include 425 cases and SVOF-principle puncture group include 413 cases. The access establishment time, operation time, stone free rate (SFR), postoperative complications, and postoperative hospitalization time between the two groups we compared by t test or χ² test. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between hydronephrosis calyces puncture group and SVOF-principle puncturegroup in the first access establishment time ((16.5±8.4) minutes vs. (11.2±5.9) minutes, t=3.931, P=0.013), one-stage SFR (74.3% vs. 85.7%, χ²=16.868, P=0.000), postoperative hospitalization time ((6.4±2.1) days vs. (4.8±1.8)days, t=4.574, P=0.000), transfusion rate (7.1% vs. 2.9%, χ²=8.027, P=0.006), and embolization rate (3.3% vs. 1.0%, χ²=5.390, P=0.020). There were no statistically significant differences in operation time, total SFR, postoperative fever and sever infection between these two groups (all P>0.05). In both two groups, no serious complications such as peripheral organ injury and death occurred. Conclusions PCNL accessed guided by ultrasound with SVOF-principle and two-step puncture techniques has advantages of quick puncture location, high stone free rate, fewer complications and fast recovery. This technique is an effective and safe treatment option for upper urinary stones and deserved promotion and application in clinic.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics and genetic variation of early-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). METHODS: Children with a clinical diagnosis of early-onset CMT were selected for the study. Relevant clinical data were collected, and electromyogram and CMT-related gene detection were performed and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 13 cases of early-onset CMT were enrolled, including 9 males (69%) and 4 females (31%). The mean age at consultation was 4.0±2.1 years. Among them, 12 children (92%) had an age of onset less than 2 years, 9 children (69%) were diagnosed with CMT type 1 (including 6 cases of Dejerine-Sottas syndrome), 1 child (8%) with intermediate form of CMT, and 3 children (23%) with CMT type 2. The genetic test results of these 13 children showed 6 cases (46%) of PMP22 duplication mutation, 3 cases (23%) of MPZ gene insertion mutation and point mutation, 3 cases (23%) of MFN2 gene point mutation, and 1 case (8%) of NEFL gene point mutation. Eleven cases (85%) carried known pathogenic mutations and 2 cases (15%) had novel mutations. The new variant c.394C>G (p.P132A) of the MPZ gene was rated as "possibly pathogenic" and the new variant c.326A>G (p.K109R) of the MFN2 gene was rated as "pathogenic". CONCLUSIONS Early-onset CMT is mainly caused by PMP22 gene duplication mutation and MPZ gene mutations. The clinical phenotype is mainly CMT type 1, among which Dejerine-Sottas syndrome accounts for a considerable proportion.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation