Objective To obtain the matched parameters between image quality and radiation dose by exploring the influence of the exposure parameters of screening mammography on both the image quality and radiation dose.Methods The correlation between the exposure parameters and average glandular doses to 507 patients undergoing screening mammography were retrospectively analyzed.The influence of breast compression thickness on radiation dose by exposing different thickness of PMMA was obtained.The correlation with image quality was analyzed by combined testing of contrast detail test mode ( CDMAM3.4 )and different thickness of PMMAs.Results The groups aged 30 to 49 years were the main groups in 507examined patients,up to 67.06％ of the total.The mean value of average gland doses ( AGD ) in contrastprior mode was the highest in three kinds of exposure modes,accounting for 137.5％ of standard mode.In standard mode,target material/filtration board combination was Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh,accounting for 1/3 respectively.Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were selected in dose-prior mode,accounting for 50％ respectively.Mo/Mo was mainly selected in contrast-prior,accounting for 52％.Breast compression thickness was positively correlated with average gland doses.Image quality figure inverse (IQFinv) under three kinds of modes (STD,DOSE,CNT) was 98.32,95.41 and 107.02,respectively,and IQFinv of contrast-prior mode was the highest among them.IQFinv was in general agreement in the three kinds of exposure modes when the thickness of PMMA plates plates was greater than or equal to 5 cm.Conclusions In clinical practice,when the breast is of density type and pressed thickness is less than 4 em,the dose-prior mode should be selected.When the pressed thickness is between 4 and 6 cm,the standard exposure mode should be selected.When the pressed thickness is larger than 6 cm,the manual mode should be selected.

Objective To construct a recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin ( BCG ) vaccine strain, rBCG::Rv3478-pMV261, expressing the Rv3478 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to inves-tigate its immunogenicity.Methods The gene fragments encoding Rv3478 antigen were amplified by PCR and then respectively cloned into pMV261 and pET-28a vectors to construct the recombinant expression plas-mids (Rv3478-pMV261 and Rv3478-pET-28a).The Rv3478-pMV261 plasmids were transformed into the BCG cells to construct the rBCG vaccine strains, while the Rv3478-pET-28a plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 strains for the expression of Rv3478 protein.Polyclonal antibodies were induced in mice upon the immunization with Rv3478 protein.The rBCG vaccine strains overexpressing Rv3478 protein were screened out with Western blot assay.The C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups including the PBS treated group, BCG treated group, rBCG::pMV261 ( R0) treated group and rBCG::Rv3478-pMV261 ( R3) treated group.All mice were sacrificed in 4 or 12 weeks after immunization.Enzyme-linked immunos-pot assay ( ELISPOT) , ELISA and flow cytometry analysis were performed to evaluate the induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice.Results The Rv3478 protein was successfully expressed and could induce polyclonal antibodies in mice.High levels of IFN-γand TNF-αwere detected in mice treated with R3, indicating that the immunization with R3 enhanced the cellular immunity.Moreover, the ratios of CD4+to CD8+T cells and the percentages of CD44+CD62L+T cells were increased in mice upon the immuni-zation with R3.Conclusion The recombinant BCG vaccine strain overexpressing Rv3478 protein could in-duce stronger cell-mediated immune responses in mice.It might be have a great significance as a new tuber-culosis( TB) vaccine strain against TB infection in the future.

The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a new member in the genus Phlebovirus of the family Bunyaviridae identified in China. The SFTSV is also the causative pathogen of an emerging infectious disease: severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Using immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy, the intracellular distribution of nucleocapsid protein (NP) in SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells was investigated with serial doses of SFTSV at different times after infection. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrafine intracellular structure of SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells at different times after infection. SFTSV NP could form intracellular inclusion bodies in infected THP-1 cells. The association between NP-formed inclusion bodies and virus production was analyzed: the size of the inclusion body formed 3 days after infection was correlated with the viral load in supernatants collected 7 days after infection. These findings suggest that the inclusion bodies formed in SFTSV-infected THP-1 cells could be where the SFTSV uses host-cell proteins and intracellular organelles to produce new viral particles.
Cell Line ; China ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies, Viral ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Macrophages ; ultrastructure ; virology ; Phlebotomus Fever ; virology ; Phlebovirus ; genetics ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Thrombocytopenia ; virology

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F has significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and is widely used for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and kidney disease, especially in traditional Chinese medicine. The mechanisms underlying its effects may be diverse but they remain unclear, and its toxicity and side effects limit its wider clinical application. This review summarizes the clinical application of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in recent years, as well as the results of studies into its mechanisms and toxicity, to provide a reference for its future clinical application.

BACKGROUND: Hyperkalemia is common among patients in emergency department and is associated with mortality. While, there is a lack of good evaluation and prediction methods for the efficacy of potassium-lowering treatment, making the drug dosage adjustment quite difficult. We aimed to develop a predictive model to provide early forecasting of treating effects for hyperkalemia patients. METHODS: Around 80% of hyperkalemia patients (n=818) were randomly selected as the training dataset and the remaining 20% (n=196) as the validating dataset. According to the serum potassium (K+) levels after the first round of potassium-lowering treatment, patients were classified into the effective and ineffective groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to develop a prediction model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analysis were used for model validation. RESULTS: In the training dataset, 429 patients had favorable effects after treatment (effective group), and 389 had poor therapeutic outcomes (ineffective group). Patients in the ineffective group had a higher percentage of renal disease (P=0.007), peripheral edema (P<0.001), oliguria (P=0.001), or higher initial serum K+ level (P<0.001). The percentage of insulin usage was higher in the effective group than in the ineffective group (P=0.005). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found age, peripheral edema, oliguria, history of kidney transplantation, end-stage renal disease, insulin, and initial serum K+ were all independently associated with favorable treatment effects. CONCLUSION: The predictive model could provide early forecasting of therapeutic outcomes for hyperkalemia patients after drug treatment, which could help clinicians to identify hyperkalemia patients with high risk and adjust the dosage of medication for potassium-lowering.

Autopsy ; Female ; Humans ; Reye Syndrome ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes which play an important role in the neutralization of toxic compounds and eradication of electrophilic carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms within the genes encoding for GSTs may therefore cause variations in their enzyme activity, which may in turn influence the interindividual susceptibility to cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in 264 cases and 317 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping was performed by using multiplex PCR (for GSTT1 and GSTM1) and PCR-RFLP (for GSTP1) methods. The association between the polymorphic genotypes and CRC risk was evaluated by deriving odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Our results showed that individuals with GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes exhibited a higher risk of CRC (GSTT1, OR,1.66; 95% CI, 1.20-2.31, P=0.003; GSTM1, OR,1.57; 95% CI,1.13-2.18, P=0.007), while no association was observed for GSTP1 (P(heterozygous)=0.790 or P(variant)=0.261). Furthermore, individuals who simultaneously carried the null genotypes for both GSTT1 and GSTM1 showed a stronger risk association (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.33-2.85; P<0.001). In conclusion, the GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms, but not GSTP1, may modulate the CRC risk among Chinese.
Aged ; Alleles ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*enzymology/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi/*genetics ; Glutathione Transferase/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk

OBJECTIVETo investigate the induction of antitumor immune responses and therapeutic effects of 10-hydroxycamptothecinc-treated (HCPT) DC-Hepa fusion vaccines by DC fused with hepal-6 cell from hepatoma.

METHODSThe fused cells were isolated by magnetic cell sorting and adherent culture. Cell apoptosis was detected by Rhodamine123/PI double-labeled assay, CTL activity by 4 h (51)Cr releasing assay. Protective and therapeutic effects of the fusion vaccine to the tumor-bearing mice was also observed.

RESULTSThe apoptosis rate was 29.7%+/-4.1% when DC-Hepa fusion vaccine was treated with 50 microg/ml HCPT for 24 h. After treatment with the HCPT-DC-Hepa fusion vaccine, the tumor grew obviously slowly, survival period of the mice was prolonged, induced more potent CTL cytotoxicity, and resisted against the rechallenge of Hepal-6 cells.

CONCLUSIONVaccination with HCPT-DC-Hepa fusion vaccine could elicit potent antitumor responses, which will provide a new approach to the DC-mediated therapeutic antitumor immunity.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cancer Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; immunology ; Cell Fusion ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; transplantation ; Female ; Liver Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo analyze the Millard II technique for correcting secondary deformities of unilateral cleft lip.

METHODSThe Millard II technique was used to correct secondary deformities of unilateral cleft lip in 42 patients from March of 2003 to September of 2004. Dissection was made between the alar cartilage and skin, and the alar cartilage was suspended.

RESULTSThe postoperative follow-ups with 3 approximately 6 months revealed good results of the symmetrical nostrils and philtrums, prolonged columella nasi, good-shaped cupid's bow, and invisible scar.

CONCLUSIONSThe Millard II technique could be an ideal method to correct secondary deformities of unilateral cleft lip. Releasing and suspending alar cartilage spontaneously at the same time can correct nasal deformity adequately.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nose ; abnormalities ; Nose Deformities, Acquired ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo determine 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by HPLC.

METHODThe PGG was extracted with a solvent consisting of ethanol and water (50:50) in ultrasonic bath at 50-60 degrees C for 1 hour. A Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used for the separation and analysis of PGG with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 2. 5 % acetic acid solution (18:82). The wavelength of detection was at 280 nm, and flow rate was set at 1.0 mL min(-1).

RESULTThe calibration curve for PGG is linear over the range of 1-150 microg mL(-1) (r =0.9994), and PGG was found in seventeen kinds of Chinese traditional medicines, such as gall tree peony bark, red peony root, white peony root, and so on.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of PGG were determined in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by a rapid and precision HPLC method.

Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity