While the medicine pattern of biomedicine turn to biological-psychology-society, the medical trouble communication becomes more and more important in the medical service. Good medical trouble communication ability is the essential condition of doctor. As oral cavity clinicians, only by gasping the principle of communication can we appropriately utilize some skills of communication exchange,establish the good medical trouble relations with the patient and achieve the good treatment result finally.

BACKGROUND:A number of in vitro experiments have confirmed that the tricalcium silicate not only can be closely integrated with the dentin through self-curing process, but also can induce dentin remineralization in the physiological environment, thereby effectively blocking the dentinal tubules.
OBJECTIVE:To further verify the effects of tricalcium silicate solution on the occlusion of dentinal tubules.
METHODS:Thirty-six dentinal discs were made of free first premolars from orthodontic patients, and divided into three pretreatment groups randomly. The teeth were soaked in pretreatment solution for 2 minutes, namely 0.29 mol/L ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid, 6%citric acid, and rinsed ultrasonical y with deionized water 20 minutes, respectively. Every above-mentioned group was randomly assigned into experimental group (tricalcium silicate), control group (sodium fluoride) and blank group, and corresponding materials in each group were used to coat the outer dentinal tubules (2 minutes/time). Then, the dentinal discs were saved in artificial saliva in a 37 observed using scanning electron microscope. Diameter and area of open dentinal tubules were calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After pretreatment, the dentinal tubules were at open state;except for the blank control group to maintain the original state, acid etching and ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid pretreatment solutions had a stronger capacity of demineralization, which led to the dentinal tubules open. After the dentinal tubules were treated with sodium fluoride and tricalcium silicate, there were varying degrees of sediments, and open dentinal tubule area and average diameter in the sodium fluoride and tricalcium silicate groups were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The dentinal tubule treated with tricalcium silicate was almost entirely closed homogeneously, and occasional y, a single open dentinal tubule was seen. Open dentinal tubule area and average diameter in the tricalcium silicate group were significantly lower than those in the sodium fluoride group (P<0.05). The findings verify that dentin occlusion using tricalcium silicate is superior to that using sodium fluoride;and dentin tubule pretreatment with acid etching or ethylene diamine tetraacetie acid is beneficial to desensitization effects.

Aminoacyl-tRNA syntheses (AARS) can catalyze the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent acylation of their cognate tRNA(s) with a specific amino acid. They can be seen as an index to reflect the energy metabolic rate of ischemic brain cells in ischemic penumbra. This study examined the relationship between arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS), one of the AARS, and cerebral ischemia in rats. The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established in rats. The expression levels of ArgRS protein and mRNA were detected in rat brain tissues at different time points following MCAO by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. The results showed that the MCAO model was successfully established. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the ArgRS protein and mRNA were expressed in brain cells in both ischemic and normal penumbra tissues. The expression levels of ArgRS protein and mRNA peaked at 6 h after MCAO and decreased gradually. At 24 h, the expression levels of ArgRs protein and mRNA in ischemic penumbral tissues were lower than those in normal tissues. The expression levels of ArgRS mRNA and protein in ischemic penumbra varied with ischemic time, suggesting that the energy metabolism of brain cells in penumbra changed dynamically after ischemia to ensure the endogenous self-protection of the body. The brain oxygen supply should be improved as soon as possible, especially within 6-12 h after ischemia, so as to meet the demand for energy metabolism in ischemic penumbra and make sure the cell structure remains stable.

Objective:To analyze the mean levels of skeletal muscle mass and strength in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and to investigate the effects of chronic inflammatory factors and oxidative stress on them.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 patients with T2DM aged over 60 years and 126 elderly patients without diabetes(the control group). Skeletal muscle mass, strength and serum levels of chronic inflammatory factors interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)were determined, and their effects on skeletal muscle mass and strength in elderly patients with T2DM were analyzed.Results:Compared with the control group, grip strength decreased in elderly patients with T2DM(25.03±7.85)kg vs.(29.52±7.73)kg( P<0.01), and skeletal muscle mass decreased(21.36±5.46)kg vs.(22.01±5.22)kg with no significant difference( P>0.05). Serum levels of 8-OHdG were higher in elderly patients with T2DM than in the control group(3.08±0.26)ng/L vs.(2.59±0.16)ng/L( P<0.01). Correlation and regression analysis results showed that 8-OHdG was an influencing factor for muscle strength in elderly patients with T2DM( R2=0.457)and that height and weight could be influencing factors for skeletal muscle mass in elderly patients with T2DM( R2=0.822). Conclusions:Skeletal muscle mass and strength decline in elderly T2DM patients, probably as a result of increased levels of oxidative stress.These findings may serve as evidence for sarcopenia intervention in elderly T2DM patients.

The paper is aimed to identify SNP in Sarcandra glabra and Chloranthus spicatus, and authenticate S. glabra from Ch. spicatus and the mixture by using PCR amplification of specific alleles. SNPs in the ITS sequences of S. glabra and Ch. spicatus were found by ClustulX 2. 1 program and Bioedit software. Primers for authentic S. glabra and Ch. spicatus was designed according to the SNP site, and ITS sequence universal primers plus to the authentic primer to construct a multi-PCR reaction system, and then optimized the PCR reaction system. Five hundred and eighty band special for S. glabra and 470 bp band special for Ch. spicatus were found by using multi-PCR reaction. The multi-PCR reaction system could be applied to identify S. glabra and Ch. spicatus's leaves.
DNA, Plant ; analysis ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; analysis ; genetics ; Magnoliopsida ; classification ; genetics ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; RNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ; genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ; genetics ; Species Specificity

Objective To discuss a optimal culture method of primary hippocampal neurons and a more suitable method of mor-phological observation ,and provide basis to the study of synapse in Alzheimer′s Disease .Methods Postnatal 0 -1 days (P0 -1 ) C57BL/6J mice were decollated and bilateral hippocampus were separated .Low level concentration of trypsin and mechanical disso-ciation were adopted .And culture medium without serum was used to culture neurons .After 17 days culturing ,transfected neurons with Green Fluorescent Protein(GFP) by calcium phosphate precipitation ,and then observed neurons and spines by fluorescence mi-croscope .Results The neurons looked good and healthy by using this method .And the axons ,dendrites and spines which were typ-ical structure of neurons were observed clearly after transfected with GFP .Conclusion The cultured hippocampal neurons look good by this method .And the morphological characteristics of neurons and spines are observed much more clearly after transfected GFP by calcium phosphate precipitation .

BACKGROUND: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a disorder involving the pulmonary circulation resulting from a blockage of the pulmonary artery. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aspirin on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in a rat model of APE. METHODS: A total of 108 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=18 rats per group): control group, sham operation group, APE model group, and low-, medium- and high-dose aspirin groups. Six, 24, and 72 hours after the induction of APE, rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose aspirin groups were given aspirin at a respective daily dose of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg by gavage for three consecutive days. Rats in the other groups were treated with equal volumes of normal saline. Six rats in each group were anesthetized with 10％ chloral hydrate solution at each time point, and then the lung tissues were colected and analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Positive immunohistochemical staining was present in the bronchial epithelial cells, alveolar cells, macrophages, and surrounding bronchial smooth muscle cells. When compared with the APE model group, the number of positive cells was significantly lower in the other groups at each time point (P<0.001). Statistically significant differences were also observed among the aspirin-treated groups at 6 hours (P<0.05,P<0.001). Compared with the APE model group, NF-κB protein expression was reduced in the other groups at each time point (P<0.05,P<0.001). Rats from the APE model group had thrombosis, damaged alveolar walls, and pulmonary hemorrhage, along with different degrees of infl ammatory cellular infiltration at each time point. However, pathological changes such as pulmonary hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells were attenuated after the aspirin treatment. CONCLUSION: Aspirin can significantly inhibit NF-κB activity in the lung of rats with APE in a dose-dependent manner, and can alleviate lung injury after APE.

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and NF-kappaB p65 mRNA in lung tissue of acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning rats, and intervention effects of ulinastatin (UTI).

METHODSSeventy-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: PQ poisoning group, UTI group and control group. The rats were exposed intragastrically to PQ at the dose of 80 mg/kg to establish a model of the rat acute lung injury. The UTI group was intervened by peritoneal injection with 10000 U/kg UTI in 30 minutes. On the 12, 24, 48, 72 h after exposure, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissue were detected. The expression of the NF-kappaB p65 mRNA and hsp70 mRNA in lung tissue was detected by the reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The lung pathological changes of rats were observed.

RESULTSThe degree of lung injury in PQ group and UTI group was higher than that in control group. But in UTI group the degree of lung injury was lower than PQ group. MPO activity in the lung tissues in PQ group was (31.72 +/- 6.42), (56.23 +/- 8.63), (87.21 +/- 10.02) and (107.21 +/- 13.52) micro/g in 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively which was significantly higher than that [(11.38 +/- 1.25) micro/g] in control group (P < 0.01). MPO activity in the lung tissues in UTI group was (15.65 +/- 3.21), (35.98 +/- 5.74), (59.33 +/- 9.65) and (71.25 +/- 10.58) micro/g in 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively which was significantly lower than those in PQ group (P < 0.01). The expression levels of NF-kappaB p65 mRNA of lung tissues in UTI group in 12, 24, 48 and 72 h were 0.3288 +/- 0.0147, 0.5337 +/- 0.0328, 0.7357 +/- 0.0424 and 0.7547 +/- 0.0905, respectively, which were significantly lower that those (0.4185 +/- 0.0294, 0.8532 +/- 0.0841, 0.9554 +/- 0.0975 and 1.0094 +/- 0.0703) in PQ group (P < 0.01). hsp70 mRNA expression levels in 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of the UTI group were 0.5193 +/- 0.0254, 0.8289 +/- 0.0606, 0.7566 +/- 0.0277 and 0.4873 +/- 0.0105, respectively, which were significantly higher than those (0.3897 +/- 0.0125, 0.5904 +/- 0.0186, 0.4007 +/- 0.0237 and 0.2293 +/- 0.0137) in PQ group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expression levels of hsp70 mRNA and NF-kappaB p65 mRNA of rats after intoxication increased significantly. UTI can protect the lung tissues by elevating the expression of hsp70 and reducing the expression of NF-kappaB in the lung tissues of rats with acute paraquat poisoning.

Animals ; Glycoproteins ; pharmacology ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

Gene Expression Profiling ; Hep G2 Cells ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Transfection

AIMTo investigate the level of immune response and the immune mechanism of the single-dose hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-poly (d, l)-lactide-co-glicolide acid (PLGA) microspheres in BALB/c mice.

METHODSThree kind of HBsAg-PLGA microspheres, HBsAg-PLGA50/50-COOH microspheres, HBsAg-PLGA75/25 microspheres and HBsAg-PLGA50/50 microspheres, were prepared by double emulsion microencapsulation technique used three kinds of PLGA with different L/G ratio. The single-dose of HBsAg-PLGA microspheres was subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice at the dose of 7.5 microg HBsAg per mouse. The conventional aluminum-adjuvant vaccine was subcutaneously injected at 0, 1 and 2 month as positive control. In certain time interval, the induced immune level of total antibody was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For subclass of IgG antibody and cytokines studies, the dose of HBsAg was 2.5 microg per mouse.

RESULTSThe HBsAg-PLGA microspheres could successfully induce a humoral immune response in BALB/c mice. Compared with the conventional aluminum-adjuvant vaccine, the antibody response of the HBsAg-PLGA50/50-COOH microspheres was significantly lower than the group received three injections of aluminum-adjuvant vaccine (P < 0.01) except for a higher priming response during the early 6 weeks. The results were ascribed to the relatively rapid degradation charactics of PLGA50/50-COOH polymer. The immune response for the HBsAg-PLGA50/50 microspheres and HBsAg-PLGA75/25 microspheres were comparable to the group administered with aluminum-adjuvant vaccine (P > 0.05) which was due to the sustained degradation of PLGA50/50 and PLGA75/25 polymer.

CONCLUSIONThe HBsAg-PLGA microsphere is a promising candidate for the controlled delivery of a vaccine which does not require multiple injections.

Animals ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic ; Drug Carriers ; Female ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; immunology ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Interferon-gamma ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-5 ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microspheres ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Polymers ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar