Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is an essential feature of traditional Chinese medical diagnosis. The interventions based on changes of syndrome types in randomized controlled trials are complicated, leading to the difficulty of blind method enforcement. This article described a double-blind method. It could be used in randomized controlled trials under the condition of different syndrome types and different medications. It numbered drugs in two stages, and in two phases to achieve double-blind. This method not only guaranteed investigators and subjects to be in blinded conditions, but also achieved using different medications for patients of different syndromes. It also caused no drug waste. It was scientific and feasible.
Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Single-Blind Method

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on bone mineral density (BMD) of spinal cord injuried (SCI) patients. MethodsThe PEMFs group was composed of 12 SCI patients received regular PEMFs treatment as the treatment group, 12 SCI patients treated without PEMFs were as the control group.BMD of total proximal femur, Ward's trigonum and great trochanter of all patients were detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after treatment.ResultsBMDs of total proximal femur and great trochanter of patients of the treatment group were a little increased after PEMFs treatment, with no significant difference (P>0.05), but BMD change was significantly different compared with the control group (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionPEMFs treatment along with routine exercise may help to reduce the loss of bone after SCI.

Anemia ; etiology ; Erythema ; etiology ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fever ; etiology ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; complications ; diagnosis ; Infant

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influences of bicortical anchorage on values of natural frequencies of dental implants utilizing the 3-dimensional finite element analysis.

METHODSUsing the commercial code of Solidworks, 3-D models of a screw-shaped dental implant and a mandibular bone segment were generated. After the 3-D implant-bone complex was meshed by ABAQUS software, effects of bicortical anchorage on the buccolingual and axial first-order natural frequencies of the implant were computed.

RESULTSBicortical anchorage increased both the buccolingual and axial natural frequencies remarkably. As the bicortical anchorage got deeper, the frequencies correspondingly got higher.

CONCLUSIONBicortical anchorage can increase the buccolingual and axial primary stability of dental implants.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mandible

Clinical research of Chinese medicine, due to its own features, is not suitable to be studied by randomized controlled trial methods in some cases. The single-arm clinical trials with objective performance criteria could be taken as a more ideal alternative method. In this paper the basic principles of single-arm clinical trials with objective performance criteria was introduced. Correlated problems of the selection of therapeutic efficacy index, the target identification, case standards, sample size calculation, statistical inference, and interpretation of results were also addressed. This method was scientific and feasible. It can partially solve some problems in the clinical research of Chinese medicine. It has better application prospect.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Research Design

OBJECTIVETo observe the images of early lesions of condylar cartilage of osteoarthritic rats in synchrotron radiation diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI).

METHODSThe animal model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis was established in rat following the method of partial resection of the joint disc. The changes of osteoarthritic condylar cartilage in different pathological stages were observed by DEI and compared with those in situ histopathological sections.

RESULTSWith DEI, straight and orbicular lines were detected in condylar cartilage 45 to 60 days after discs resection. The lines were confirmed by histopathology to be collagen degradation and tiny fissure formation inside the cartilage.

CONCLUSIONSDEI is capable of imaging the early stages of pathological changes of excised condylar cartilage such as collagen degradation and tiny fissure formation, and this technique is of potential value to clinical application.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Mandibular Condyle ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Radiography ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; X-Ray Diffraction ; methods

This paper introduces the old nine-needle including its name, shape, function, manipulation and origination, as well as systematically introduces the new nine-needle as a new product which has been developed under the guidance of modern science and technology based on the old nine-needle since 1949. As a new tool, the new nine-needle provide much more choice for acupuncture treatment and obtained satisfied clinical effect. During the development of research and clinical practice on the new nine-needle, its theory has been consummated successively. Combining various kinds of needles for treatment is not only paying attention to the specificity of one kind of needles, but also emphasizing the whole function of all kinds of needles, which makes the new nine-needle formed the characteristic and distinct theory of its own.
Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; History, Ancient ; Needles

With the unique structure and manipulation techniques of blood-letting and cutting, hook needle serves as a role in dredging meridians, removing blood stasis, purging heat for resuscitation and relaxing synechial tissues. There are three needling techniques of hook needle: swift pricking, bleeding and pricking. Six manipulations are commonly used as lifting-thrusting, plucking, pulling, pushing-scraping, vibration and massage. The mechanism and manipulations of hook needling are summarized systematically in the present paper. In this way, its manipulations, indications and contraindications are expounded in detail.
Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Needles

Objective To comprehensively evaluate the risk factors of aplastic anemia, and provide scientific evidence for the primary prevention of aplastic anemia. Methods The published Papers were searched by"aplastic anemia" "case control study" and"risk factors" as key words collected from Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP journal database, PubMed, Cochrane library and Clinical Trial and other databases, ranged from the creation date of each database to September 2017 .A meta-analysis of studies on risk factors was performed to calculate the pooled odd ratios (ORs) with 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) with Software Stata 14.0. Results The database search resulted in the identification of 1, 094 articles. After screening, 22 case-control studies were included in the study with 16 factors. Ten risk factors were showed statistically significant differences, including paint exposure (OR=3.82, 95％ CI: 1.68-8.66), chloramphenicol (OR=3.21, 95％ CI: 1.98-5.20), benzene exposure (OR=2.94, 95％ CI: 2.11-4.11), glue exposure (OR=2.56, 95％CI: 1.28-5.12), history of hepatitis (OR=2.54, 95％ CI: 1.94-3.34) , hair dye exposure (OR=2.37, 95％ CI: 1.08-5.22) , pesticides exposure (OR=1.98, 95％ CI: 1.60-2.45), β-lactam (OR=1.77, 95％ CI: 1.03-3.06), sulfonamides (OR=1.64, 95％ CI:1.03-2.61) and fuel/oil exposure (OR=1.53, 95％ CI: 1.25-1.87) , and high economic income (OR=0.52, 95％ CI:0.43-0.63) is the protective factor. Conclusion The meta-analysis of case-control studies suggests that the risk factors of aplastic anemia mainly including four aspects: drug use, past history, socioeconomic status and occupational or environmental exposure to chemical toxic substances.

Objective To determine whether a new dedicated adhesive system employing a silorane composite exhibits low shrinking properties than does conventional methacrylate-based composites.Methods The following materials were used:group A:Xeno Ⅲ-TPH,group B:Clearfil SE bond-Clearfil Majesty Posterior,and group C:the FiltekTM silorane system.Polymerization volumetric shrinkage and contraction stress development were measured using a micro-CT instrument and a tensilometer.Results The volumetric shrinkage of the resin composite/adhesive combinations were 3.38％ ± 0.17％ (group A),1.95％ ± 0.37％ (group B) and 1.05％ ±0.09％ (group C) 30 min after light curing respectively.Group C had the lowest volumetric shrinkage (P ＜0.001),followed by group B,and group A.The contraction stress of the materials were (3.04 ± 0.26) MPa(group A),(3.49 ± 0.46) MPa (group B),and (1.54 ± 0.15) MPa (group C) respectively.The lowest contraction stress was observed in group C at 30 min during the stress test (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions The silorane composite and dedicated adhesive system exhibited excellent characteristics of low volumetric shrinkage and contraction stress development compared to conventional methacrylate-based composites.