Objective To research the effect mechanism of ultrashortwave in the correlation of ultrashortwave and the tail replantation, provide the experiment basis of clinical practice of prevention and cure for the vascular crisis after micromodule anastomosis. Methods Eighty Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats of clean grade were 3-month-old,female,and were divided into four groups:control group (group 0),model group (group 1 ),contrast group (group 2),ultrashortwave (USW) group (group 3).The preparation of tail replantation model was cut off soft tissue except for caudal veins on both sides of the tail. The coccyx was not broken away from tail.At last,the audal artery under abdominal main centre ditch was anastomosed.In experiment process, the USW group was divided into high dosage group (group 3A) and low dosage group (group 3B). The caudal arterys were ligated and not anastomosed in the group 0. Caudal arterys in other groups were anastomosed.Rats in the group 0 and group 1 received no treatment,normal management after the operation. Rats in the group 2 were given abdominal cavity injection of papaverin liquid immediately,then once a day to 5 days after the tail replantation.Rats in the group 3 were immediately given USW therapy of twenty minutes on the anastomosis section,and then once a day for 5 days after the tail replantation.The USW dosage of group 3A was 3th grade and 50mA. The USW dosage of group 3B was 2th grade and 28mA.The survival rate of the rat tails was observed after the tail replantation for 10 day.Before being grouped,it was measured that the tail skin temperature diference between near and far side of anastomosis section.After the tail relpantation, the temperature diference was inspected daily for 10 postoperative days hence. Before rats were grouped and the eighth hour after the tail replantation, rats were collected blood plasma specimens and measured contents of nitric oxide with destination colorimetric mathods of nitric oxide.Results Carrying out comparison of survival rate of every group,the output weve:between tail cutting off group (group 0,0) and tail replantation group (group 1,2,3,43.94％) to compare P ＞ 0.05; between each group of the tail replantation groups (1,2,3A,3B group) to compare P＞ 0.05,group 3B ＜ 2 ＜ 1 ＜ 3A; between group 3B and group 1 to compare P ＞ 0.05; between group 2 and group 1 to compare P ＞ 0.05. Each group were compared with the change daily between postoperative and preceding operative the skin temperature diference,single-factor analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) analysis:Postoperative 1 day,group 3A ＜ 1,P ＜ 0.05.Postoperative 6 day:3A ＜ 3B ＜ 1 ＜ 2,P ＞ 0.05.Postoperative 7 day:group 3B ＜ 1 ＜ 3A ＜ 2,P ＜ 0.05.Each group were compared with the change of the content of nitric oxide between postoperative 8 hour and preceding operative,with rank-sum test:group 3B ＞ 3A ＞ 2 ＞ 1 ＞ 0,H =33.760,P ＜ 0.05,shows statistically significant.Conclusions USW therapy,especially USW low-dose therapy,can reduce vascular crisis and improve the survival rate of replanted rat tails,after the postoperative 1,6,7 days,reduce skin temperature,improve blood supply,improve nitric oxide at postoperative eighth hour,prevent vascular crisis.Rat tail replantation model in this experiment is feasible.

OBJECTIVEWe conducted both quick surveillance and evaluation programs within one week after the novel H7N9 influenza cases had been released by the Ministry of Health (MOH), to get the basic information on H7N9 virus in Guangzhou.

METHODSWe sampled live birds from food markets and the natural habitat of birds to detect H7N9, H5 and H9 viruses. We interviewed workers from both markets and natural habitats. We also reviewed records on pneumonia patients with unknown causes from the surveillance system, to find clues related to the identification of severe pneumonia.

RESULTSWe sampled 300 specimens from 49 stalls in 13 food markets and a natural habitat but none showed H7N9 positive result. A chopping block was detected positive of carrying H5 avian influenza virus, while another 4 specimens including a chicken cage, a duck cage, a chopping block and a pigeon cage were detected positive of carrying H9 avian influenza virus. In the past month, no sick, dead birds or ILI cases among the workers were discovered. 21.2% (7/33) of the stalls did not follow the set regulations for prevention. 10.3% (4/39) of the stalls had the cages cleaned, 4 days after the inspection. 3.7% (2/54) of the workers wore masks and 40.7% (22/54) of them wore gloves during the slaughtering process. 102 bird feces specimens were tested negative on H7N9 virus. No pneumonia cases with unknown reason were identified. From April 3(rd) to 17(th), we found 26 severe pneumonia cases but with negative results on influenza A (H7N9).

CONCLUSIONAccording to the data and information from 1) lab tests, 2) pneumonia cases with unknown reasons under the surveillance system, 3) the identification of severe pneumonia cases, and 4) preventive measures and actions taken by the workers, we inferred that no H7N9 virus or related cases were found prior to April in Guangzhou. However, the risk of H7N9 epidemic does exist because of the following reasons:1) improper market management process, 2) negligent behavior of the workers and 3) potential trend of the national situation, suggesting strategies related to poultry markets management, health education and preventive measures against the avian influenza need to be strengthened.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Risk Assessment

Objective To analyze and trace the infection source the envelope(E) gene of the new emerged type 3 dengue virus in Guangzhou in 2009. Methods Sera were collected from patients infected with local dengue fever. Dengue virus was cultured and isolated by C6/36 cells. The whole length E gene was amplified from the positive specimen by RT-PCR, thereby sequenced and phylogenetic tree drawn by neighbor-joining method. Both data on epidemiologic and molecular studies were processed and analysed. Results 7 strains of type 3 dengue virus were isolated from samples of the 19 patients. E gene of these strains was amplified. The complete E genes of 7 strains belonged to 1479 nucleotides in length, encoding a polyprotein of 493 amino acids. Data from the phylogenetic analysis showed that 09/GZ/1081, 09/GZ/1483 and 09/GZ/10806 strains fell within the Southeast Asia/South Pacific group. 09/GZ/10616, 09/GZ/11144, 09/GZ/11194 while 09/GZ/13105 strains fell within the India group. Conclusion The type 3 dengue virus identified in Guangzhou area in 2009 was imported and could be devided into two genotypes.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between iodine intake level and the occurrence and development of thyroid diseases.Methods During the period of 1999-2004,a cross-sectional survey in 1999 and a 5-year follow-up survey were conducted in the 3 communities with different iodine intake levels in China:Panshan (mild deficiency),Zhangwu (more than adequate) and Huanghua (iodine excess).A total of 3 761 subjects were included in 1999 and 80.24% of them participated in the 5-year follow-up survey in 2004.The levels of serum thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies were measured,and thyroid B ultrasound was performed.Results (1) The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism in 1999 in Zhangwu and Huanghua was 3.5 and 7.3 times,and that of subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.2 and 6.6 times as high as in Panshan,respectively.The 5-year cumulative incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 11.3 and 12.6 times as high as in Panshan,but no difference of incidence of overt hypothyroidism was found.(2) The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in 1999 in Zhangwu and Huanghua was 3.8 and 6.2 times,and the S-year cumulative incidence of AIT was 4.4 and 5.5 times as high as in Panshan.(3) During the 5-year follow-up period,the incidences of hypothyroidism in subjects with positive thyroid peroxidase antibody and euthyreidism in Zhangwu and Huanghua were 4.2 and 10.3 times as high as in Panshan.(4) No significant differences in both prevalence in 1999 and 5-year cumulative incidence of overt hyperthyroidism were found in the 3 communities.(5) The incidence of thyroid cancer was 19.37/100 000 per year in Huanghua,and all of the cases were papillary thyroid cancer,and no thyroid cancer was found in Zhangwu and Huanghua.Conclusion More than adequate or excessive dietary iodine intake may induce and promote the occurrence and development of hypothyroidism and AIT,therefore,median urinary iodine excretion (MUI)more than 200?g/L in the population appears not safe.The observation that a higher incidence of thyroid cancer occurred in the iodine excessive areas with MUI 600?g/L deserves further investigation.

Objective To investigate epidemiologieal characteristics of hypothyroidism and factors influencing its outcome in the areas with different iodine intakes.Methods An epidemiologic follow-up study of thyroid diseases was performed in Panshan (iodine deficient),Zhangwu [mild iodine deficiency before universal salt iodination (USI) and more than adequate iodine intakes after USI ] and Huanghua ( iodine excessive) in China.A total of 3 761 subjects were investigated in 1999,and 3 018 (80.2% ) of them were followed up in 2004.FT_4,FT_3,TSH,thyroid autoantibodies and urinary iodine concentration were determined and thyroid B ultrasound was performed in all participants.Results Five-year cumulative incidence of overt hypothyroidism was 0.23%,0.47% and 0.35% in Panshan,Zhangwu and Huanghua,respectively.Twenty patients with autoimmune- induced overt hypothyroidism did not comply with the physician's orders to take thyroxine.Thyroid function spontaneously turned to normal in 55% of them,turned to subclinical hypothyroidism in 20% and maintained overt hypothyroidism in 25%.Five-year cumulative incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism in Zhangwu (2.60%) and Huanghua (2.89%) were significantly higher than that in Panshan(0.23% ) (both P＜0.01 ).One hundred patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were followed up,and 5% of them developed overt hypothyroidism,66% turned to euthyroidism and 29% maintained subclinical hypothyroidism.Raised serum TSH (＞6 mU/L) in the original survey ( OR = 3.4),positive thyroid autoantibodies in the follow-up study ( OR = 5.3 ) and more than adequate iodine supplementation in the mild iodine-deficient population ( OR = 8.0) were risk factors influencing outcome of subclinical hypothyroidism.Conclusion More than adequate iodine supplementation among a population in the mildly iodine-deficient area may increase the incidence of overt and subolinical hypothyroidism, and also influence outcome of subclinical hypothyroidism.

Objective To perform a follow-up survey about thyroid disorders in three rural communities with different iodine intakes in China,observe the incidences and natural outcomes of positive thyroid autoantibodies in euthyroid population,and also explore the influence of iodine intakes on these outcomes and autoantibodies.Methods In 1999,a cross-sectional study on thyroid disorders was performed in three rural communities of Pansan ( mild iodine deficient area),Zhangwu ( more than adequate iodine intake area) and Huanghua (excessive iodine intake area) in China.The 5-year follow-up study was performed in 2004.Both in 1999 and 2004,serum levels of TSH,thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) were measured with the same method.Iodine in urine and B ultrasound on thyroid were also examined.Results Among the euthyroid subjects with normal TSH level in 1999,an increased prevalence of positive TPOAb in Zhangwu and an increased prevalence of positive TgAb in Hnanghua were observed in 2004 (both P＜0.05 ).Most of euthyroid subjects with positive TPOAb or positive TgAb in 1999 remained positive thyroid antibodies in 2004. The percentage was even higher in those with high levels of antibodies.Thyroid dysfunction was more frequent in subjects with positive TPOAb and/or TgAh than in those without thyroid antibodies (14.44% vs 3.11%,P＜0.01).For those with positive antibodies in 1999,the incidence of hypothyroidism in 2004 was 1.32%,8.46% and 15.38% in Pansan,Zhangwu and Huanghua,respectively (P＜0.05).The 5-year cumulative incidences of positive TPOAb (≥50 U/ml) and TgAb (≥40 U/ml) were 2.81% and 3.82%,respectively.The incidence of positive TPOAb was the highest in Zhangwu ( 3.84% ).The incidence of positive TgAb was the highest in Huanghua (5.07%),significantly higher than those in other two areas (P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in subjects with positive antibodies than that in those with negative antibodies.The high iodine intake is a risk factor of hypothyroidism in subjects with positive thyroid antibodies.Sustained excessive iodine intake increases the incidence of positive thyroid antibodies.

OBJECTIVETo observe the treatments on the patients with acute methamidophos dichlorvos (DDV) and omethoate poisoning and provide the reliable basis for the rational treatments on these three organophosphorus pesticides poisoning.

METHODS101 patients with AOPP in 7 hospitals were divided into three groups: Group A, 59 patients with acute methamidophos poisoning, Group B, 32 patients with acute DDV/dipterex (DEP) poisoning, Group C, 10 patients with acute omethoate/dimethoate poisoning. The levels of erythrocyte AChE and the therapeutic efficacies of pralidoxime chloride (PAM-Cl) were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe AChE activities of all the three groups were inhibited on level of (9.12 +/- 7.99) U/g Hb (group A), 7.32 +/- 4.62 U/g Hb (group B) and (12.01 +/- 9.53) U/g Hb (group C), among which no significant difference was found (P > 0.05). All the patients recovered from acute cholinergic excitation or crisis after the treatment of PAM-Cl. The erythrocyte AChE activities were obviously reactivated in group A three hours later after admission to hospital, each on level of (11.37 +/- 8.67) U/g Hb, (12.51 +/- 6.98) U/g Hb, (15.90 +/- 7.31) U/g Hb, (18.33 +/- 4.78) U/g Hb and (18.91 +/- 7.00) U/g Hb at the 12th, 24th, 48th, 72nd hour and discharge (P < 0.05), and the upgrade tendency was continuous. AChE activities in group B were also reactivated after treatment, each on level of (8.91 +/- 5.89) U/g Hb, (1.31 +/- 6.61) U/g Hb, (13.00 +/- 7.55) U/g Hb, (14.22 +/- 7.80) U/g Hb, (12.78 +/- 7.07) U/g Hb and (16.87 +/- 7.06) U/g Hb at the 3rd, 12th, 24th, 48th, 72nd hour and discharge, but the upgrade tendency turned slowly after 12 hours, the inhibited AChE activities were not reactivated in group C from the beginning to the end.

CONCLUSIONAfter the treatment of PAM-Cl, the AChE activities of the patients with acute methamidophos poisoning could be continuously reactivated, the AChE activities of the patients with acute DDV/DEP poisoning could also be reactivated in 12 hours, and then keep stable, but the AChE activities of the patients with acute omethoate/dimethoate poisoning could not be reactivated. However, PAM-Cl has therapeutic efficacy against acute toxicity of all the three organophosphorus pesticides. Oximes should be vigorously used in the treatment of AOPP, including acute omethoate/dimethoate poisoning.

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Cholinesterase Reactivators ; therapeutic use ; Dichlorvos ; poisoning ; Dimethoate ; analogs & derivatives ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds ; poisoning ; Pralidoxime Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence of malnutrition is very high in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not a nutrition support team (NST) could benefit esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

METHODSBetween June 2012 and April 2014, 50 esophageal cancer patients undergoing concurrent CRT were randomly assigned into two groups: The NST group and the control group. The nutritional statuses of 25 patients in the NST group were managed by the NST. The other 25 patients in the control group underwent the supervision of radiotherapy practitioners. At the end of the CRT, nutritional status, the incidence of complications, and completion rate of radiotherapy were evaluated. Besides, the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the in-patient cost were also compared between these two groups.

RESULTSAt the completion of CRF, the nutritional status in the NST group were much better than those in the control group, as evidenced by prealbumin (ALB), transferrin, and ALB parameters (P = 0.001, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively). The complication incidences, including bone marrow suppression (20% vs. 48%, P = 0.037) and complications related infections (12% vs. 44%, P = 0.012), in the NST group were lower and significantly different from the control group. In addition, only one patient in the NST group did not complete the planned radiotherapy while 6 patients in the control group had interrupted or delayed radiotherapy (96% vs. 76%, P = 0.103). Furthermore, the average LOS was decreased by 4.5 days (P = 0.001) and in-patient cost was reduced to 1.26 ± 0.75 thousand US dollars person-times (P > 0.05) in the NST group.

CONCLUSIONSA NST could provide positive effects in esophageal cancer patients during concurrent CRT on maintaining their nutrition status and improving the compliance of CRF. Moreover, the NST could be helpful on reducing LOS and in-patient costs.

Adult ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Nutritional Support ; methods ; Patient Care Team ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDChronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a public health problem. New interventions to slow or prevent disease progression are urgently needed. In this setting, cell therapies associated with regenerative effects are attracting increasing interest. We evaluated the effect of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) on the progression of CKD.

METHODSAdult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy. We used pedicled greater omentum flaps packing ESC-loaded gelatin microcryogels (GMs) on the 5/6 nephrectomized kidney. The viability of ESCs within the GMs was detected using in vitro two-photon fluorescence confocal imaging. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Renal injury was evaluated using serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, 24 h protein, renal pathology, and tubular injury score results. Structural damage was evaluated by periodic acid-Schiff and Masson trichrome staining.

RESULTSIn vitro, ESCs could be automatically loaded into the GMs. Uniform cell distribution, good cell attachment, and viability were achieved from day 1 to 7 in vitro. After 12 weeks, in the pedicled greater omentum flaps packing ESC-loaded GMs on 5/6 nephrectomized rats group, the plasma urea nitrogen levels were 26% lower than in the right nephrectomy group, glomerulosclerosis index was 62% lower and tubular injury index was 40% lower than in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats group without GMs.

CONCLUSIONSIn a rat model of established CKD, we demonstrated that the pedicled greater omentum flaps packing ESC-loaded GMs on the 5/6 nephrectomized kidney have a long-lasting therapeutic rescue function, as shown by the decreased progression of CKD and reduced glomerular injury.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cryogels ; Disease Progression ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; transplantation ; Gelatin ; administration & dosage ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; pathology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo study the relation of the detection rates of the novel influenza virus A/H1N1 RNA in clinically confirmed patients in the 2009 pandemic with the age distribution of the patients and the disease course.

METHODSA total of 151 clinical patients with H1N1 infection were enrolled in this study, from whom 833 dynamic throat swab samples were obtained for detecting the H1N1 RNA using real-time PCR. A statistical analysis of the age distribution was performed among the patients with different disease courses. Chi-square for trend test was used to study the correlation between the detection rates of H1N1 RNA and the time of disease onset.

RESULTSThe majority of patients were young with their ages ranging from 10 to 20 years (57.26%) and 20 to 30 years (22.18%). Chi-square for trend test revealed that the positivity rates of the throat swabs in the patients decreased with the prolongation of the disease course (chi(2)=9.784, P=0.002).

CONCLUSIONMost of the H1N1 patients are young within the age range of 10-30 years, and the longest disease course can exceed 10 days. The positivity rates of throat swabs from the H1N1 patients decreases with the prolongation of the disease course.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Pharynx ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Young Adult