Based on research of the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM), the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) and the related public websites of acupuncture educational institutions, the first hand information was studied, summarized and sorted on the status quo of the educational qualification or the relative authentication of education programs of ACAOM as well as the status of professional qualification and examination of NCCAOM. The education curriculum of the Master degree of Acupuncture, Master degree of Oriental Medicine Science as well as the Doctor degree of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine were also introduced in this article including student enrollment and graduation in recent years. The developing tendency of the federal unified acupuncture education, management, professional qualification and examination system of U. S. A. were discussed and analyzed as well.
Acupuncture ; education ; manpower ; organization & administration ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Certification ; Humans ; United States

0.1), there is not significant difference between them. Comparing with blood method, the sensitivity and specificity of urine method are 94 .1 % and 91. 6 % respectively.Conclusions To determine the B-gal and U-gal, O-toluidine method can be regarded as an indirect diagnostic method of LD.

BACKGROUND:Compared with bone marrow transplantation, peripheral blood stem cel transplantation has its own advantages, including rich resources of stem cel s from the peripheral blood, convenient and easy col ection, without anesthesia, smal trauma, easily accepted, high safety, and easy to restore the patient’s hematopoietic system.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the function and safety of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cel s in the treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis.
METHODS:Four patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were selected from November 2010 to July 2011 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, aged 31-67 (averagely 44 years). Among them, three cases had hepatitis B, and another one had autoimmune liver disease. Peripheral blood stem cel s were col ected after being mobilized by granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Then, autologous peripheral blood stem cel s were transplanted via a hepatic artery catheter.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no adverse reactions such as fever, bleeding and nausea after peripheral blood stem cel col ection and hepatic artery transplantation. Symptoms such as fatigue, poor appetite and abdominal distension gradual y improved at 1, 3 and 6 months after transplantation. Liver function and liver fibrosis indexes were improved to some extent after transplantation.

Aging ; physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart ; enzymology ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Ventricular Function, Left ; physiology

Objective To evaluate the level of plasma endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) and thrombomodulin (TM)in the perioperative period of artificial joint replacement.Methods 119 patients (male 32,female 87,age distribution 57.75 ±12.04) who underwent total knee replacement and total hip arthroplasty from March to June 2015 in Department of Orthopedics of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were selected.The levels of plasma endothelial cell EPCR and TM were compared be fore and after operation for 1 and 3 days.Results ①The concentration of plasma EPCR on the first day after surgery was reduced by 40.34％ compared with preoperative,and on the third day after surgery reduced by 49.45％ compared with pre operative,and on the third day after surgery was reduced by 15.26％ compared with the first day after surgery.The differences were all statistically significant (F=5.63,P＜0.05).②The concentration of plasma TM on the first day after surgery was reduced by 12.77％ compared with preoperative,and on the third day after surgery reduced by 40.53％ compared with preoperative,and on the third day after surgery was reduced by 31.83％ compared with the first day after surgery.The differences were all statistically significant (F=7.87,P＜0.05).Conclusion The concentration of EPCR and TM were pro gressively reduced within 3 days after arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)/open prostatectomy (OP) in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSWe searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang and CBM for randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing HoLEP with TURP/OP. Comparable data were extracted from eligible studies and pooled for meta-analysis using RevMan5.1.

RESULTSNine RCTs were included in this study, 6 comparing HoLEP with TURP, and the other 3 comparing HoLEP with OP. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with TURP, HoLEP was associated with shorter hospital stay and catheterization time, less hemoglobin loss, longer operative time, and better improvement in international prostate symptom score (IPSS) , peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post void residual (PVR) , but the incidences of postoperative urethral stricture and urinary incontinence had no statistically significant difference between the two. Compared with OP, HoLEP showed shorter hospital stay and catheterization time, a lower rate of blood transfusion, longer operative time, and removal of fewer tissues, but the two procedures exhibited no significant differences in either the improvement of IPSS and Qmax or the incidence of urethral stricture.

CONCLUSIONHoLEP is a minimally invasive technique, safe and highly effective for the treatment of BOO secondary to BPH, with its advantages of lower peri-operative morbidity and faster recovery over TURP and OP. However, more high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups need to be carried out to obtain better evidence.

Holmium ; Humans ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; methods

OBJECTIVETo determine 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by HPLC.

METHODThe PGG was extracted with a solvent consisting of ethanol and water (50:50) in ultrasonic bath at 50-60 degrees C for 1 hour. A Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) was used for the separation and analysis of PGG with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 2. 5 % acetic acid solution (18:82). The wavelength of detection was at 280 nm, and flow rate was set at 1.0 mL min(-1).

RESULTThe calibration curve for PGG is linear over the range of 1-150 microg mL(-1) (r =0.9994), and PGG was found in seventeen kinds of Chinese traditional medicines, such as gall tree peony bark, red peony root, white peony root, and so on.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of PGG were determined in forty four kinds of Chinese traditional medicines by a rapid and precision HPLC method.

Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrolyzable Tannins ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between sympathetic remodeling and electrical remodeling at the infarcted border zone (IBZ) of rabbit with chronic myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODSThirty rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups: MI group (n = 20): ligation of the anterior descending coronary; sham operation (SO) group (n = 10): without contrary ligation. Eight weeks after surgery, transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) at baseline, during sympathetic nerve stimulation, TDR change (DeltaTDR) during sympathetic nerve stimulation and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were measured at the IBZ in MI group and corresponding zone in SO group. The distribution and densities of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive nerves in ventricle were also detected with immunohistochemical techniques.

RESULTSEighteen rabbits in the MI group and 10 in the SO group survived to the end of the study. The densities of GAP43 and TH at the IBZ in the MI group were significantly higher than that at the corresponding zone in the SO group (both P < 0.05). The densities of GAP43 and TH in MI rabbits positively correlated with TDR at baseline, TDR or DeltaTDR during sympathetic nerve stimulation (all P < 0.01) and both showed a weak negative correlation with VFT (r =-0.44, P = 0.07; r = -0.41, P = 0.09, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSympathetic remodeling is correlated with electrical remodeling at the IBZ in rabbits with chronic MI.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDThe effects of anxiety and depression on the recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) are not clear. Whether CPVA can alleviate the anxiety and depression symptoms of persistent AF patients is unknown.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty-four patients with persistent AF, of which 43 treated with CPVA (CPVA group) and 103 treated with anti-arrhythmics drugs (medicine group), were enrolled. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were assessed before and 12 months after treatment in all patients.

RESULTSThe scores of SAS (40.33 ± 7.90 vs. 49.76 ± 9.52, P < 0.01) and SDS (42.33 ± 8.73 vs. 48.17 ± 8.77, P < 0.01) decreased 12 months after CPVA. Over 12 months follow-up, AF relapsed in 17 patients in CPVA group. Compared with the data in the recurrent group (17 patients), the scores of SAS and SDS were significantly lower in the non-recurrent group (26 patients) at baseline. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed normal scores of SAS and SDS were the independent risk factors of AF recurrence after CPVA.

CONCLUSIONSAnxiety and depression increase the recurrence risk of persistent AF after CPVA. CPVA can ameliorate the anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with persistent AF.

Aged ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Anxiety ; complications ; Atrial Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; pathology ; psychology ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Depression ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Veins ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDAcute lung injury (ALI) is a common critical disease in emergency care. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) can inhibit oxidative stress in rat gastric mucosal epithelium. In this study, we examined the possible role of H(2)S in regulation of the oxidative stress in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rats.

METHODSThe rat model of ALI was induced by intra-tail vein injection of oleic acid (OA). NaHS solution was injected intraperitoneally before OA injection as an OA+NaHS group. A semi-quantitative histological index of quantitative assessment of lung injury was calculated. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and lung tissue were detected with ELISA. The levels of H(2)S content in lung tissue were detected with an ion meter.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the level of H(2)S in lung tissue was significantly decreased, and the level of SOD and GSH were decreased but the level of MDA was increased in plasma and lung tissue in rats with ALI. NaHS lessened the ALI in association with an increase in the level of H(2)S in lung tissue, a decrease in the level of MDA but an increase in SOD and GSH levels in plasma and lung tissues.

CONCLUSIONEndogenous H(2)S could inhibit the oxidative stress in lung tissue in oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rats.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Animals ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oleic Acid ; toxicity ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism