The content of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) which as the enzymatic hydrolysis product of benzyl glucosinolate through thioglucosidase was determined by HPLC. The content of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) which as the enzymatic hydrolysis product of benzyl glucosinolate through thioglucosidase was determined by HPLC. The chromatography condition was as follows: Kaseisorb LC ODS 2000 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 min) column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-water( B) under gradient elution (0-5 min, 3%-8% A; 5-9 min, 8%-48% A; 9-23 min, 48%-62% A; 23-28 min, 62%-99% A); the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) with 10 microL injection volume; detection wavelength was 246 nm and temperature of column was 40 degrees C. The content of benzyl glucosinolate was in the range of 10.76-17.91 g x L(-1). The method is simple, accurate and good reproducibility which can be used for the determination of benzyl glucosinolate in Lepidium meyenii, effectively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Glucosinolates ; analysis ; Lepidium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

Objective To observe the effects of standardized three stage rehabilitation treatment on the neu- rological deficit scores (NDS) and ADL performance of ischemic stroke patients.Methods A total of 164 ischemic stroke patients were recruited and randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group.The neurological function and ADL performance of the patients were assessed by using NDS and Modified Barthcl Index (MBI) at the admission,at the end of 1st,3rd and 6th months post stroke.Results No significant differences were found be- tween the rehabilitative and the control groups with regard to NDS and MBI at admission.The NDS demonstrated a decreasing tendency,while the MBI score an increasing tendency in both groups.In the control group,significant difference of NDS was found between admission and the end of 1st month as well as between the end of the 1 st and the 3rd months.In rehabilitation group,significant difference was revealed between all the time points with regard to NDS and MBI scores.At the end of the 1st,3rd and 6th months,the MBI scores of the rehabilitation group were signifi- cantly higher than those of the control group,indicating that the ADL performance of those treated with standardized three-stage rehabilitation protocol was improved quicker than those without the protocol.Conclusion Standardized three-stage rehabilitation treatment could improve the neurological function and ADL performance of the ischemic stroke patients.

Aim To explore the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in high fat-induced oxidative stress injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods HUVECs were exposed to different concentrations of palmitic acid(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.8 mmol · L-1) for 24 h and different time points of 0.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid(0,12,24,48 h).Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit 8,and the protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits such as p22phox,p47phox,p67phox and gp91phox were determined by Western blot.The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HUVECs was detected by immunofluorescence.Results Cell proliferation rate of HUVECs stimulated by 0.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid for 24 h and 48 h was significantly reduced.In the next experiment,model group was accordingly set as HUVECs stimulated by 0.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid for 24 h.The expression of NADPH oxidase subunits such as p22phox,p47phox,p67phox and gp91phox significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h after 0.4 mmol· L-1 palmitic acid stimulation (P ＜ 0.05),and the difference.between the 24 h group and the 48 h group was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of ROS in HUVECs significantly increased at 24 h and 48 h after O.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid stimulation (P ＜ 0.05),and the difference between 24 h group and 48 h group was not significant (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group (0.4 mmol · L-1 palmitic acid stimulation for 24 h),the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyliodonium (DPI,10 μmol · L-1) pretreatment could significantly decrease the expression of ROS in vascular endothelial cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activated NADPH oxidase might play an important role in treatment of high fat-induced oxidative stress injury in vascular endothelial cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of alpha-keto acid on the expression of neuropeptide Y in malnutrition rats with chronic renal failure.

METHODSSD rats received 5/6 nephrectomy and were fed with 4% casein to establish models of malnutrition with chronic renal failure. Serum albumin, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, type-1 insulin like growth factor and body weight of the rats were measured. The rat models were randomized into chronic renal failure group, alpha-keto acid group and normal control group, and after a 4-week treatment as indicated, neuropeptide Y mRNA levels in the hypothalamus were measured by RT-PCR in rats with surgically induced renal failure (two-stage subtotal nephrectomy). The blood neuropeptide Y of the rats were analyzed by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSMalnutrition occurred in chronic renal failure rats at the end of 10 weeks. Compared with those in the chronic renal failure group, the plasma neuropeptide Y concentrations in alpha-keto acid group were significantly lowered with substantially elevated neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in the hypothalamus.

CONCLUSIONalpha-keto acid capsule can improve malnutrition in rats with renal insufficiency possibly by up-regulating neuropeptide Y mRNA expression in the hypothalamus and reducing the level of blood neuropeptide Y.

Animals ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Keto Acids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; blood ; Male ; Malnutrition ; blood ; drug therapy ; Neuropeptide Y ; blood ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore the mechanism of lepirudine in inhibiting thrombin activation by regulating the Notch signaling pathway for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group and experimental group,with 10 rats in each group.Acute pulmonary embolism model was established by autologous thrombosis in model group and experimental group.Experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with lepiludine(2.0 mg·kg-1)at 24 h,0.5 h before and 24 h after modeling,respectively,while sham group and model group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.9％NaCl at the same time point.The contents of platelet P-selectin 62(CD62P),platelet granule membrane protein-140(GMP-140),N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)and cardiac troponin T(cTnT)in rat plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The contents of thromboxane B2(TXA2)and prostacyclin(PGI2)in rat plasma were detected by RIA.The protein expression levels of Notch receptor protein 1(Notch1)and Notch ligand protein 1(JAGGED1)in lung tissue of rats were detected by Western blot.Results The plasma CD62P content in sham group,model group and experimental group were(9.31±1.31),(25.03±2.66)and(11.42±2.21)ng·mL-1;the contents of GMP-140 were(43.23±5.61),(114.33±14.02)and(73.44±6.97)ng·mL-1;the contents of NT-proBNP were(14.71±1.93),(20.57±3.46)and(11.07±3.06)ng·mL-1;cTnT content were(81.07±9.77),(233.24±27.61)and(134.76±15.00)pg·mL-1;TXA2 content were(231.06±17.33),(378.69±29.10)and(268.61±24.15)pg·mL-1;PGI2 content were(147.25±16.44),(104.37±11.62)and(136.09±13.40)pg·mL-1;the relative expression levels of Notch1 protein in lung tissue were 1.24±0.21,0.51±0.06 and 0.87±0.09;the relative expression levels of JAGGED1 protein were 1.02±0.15,0.17±0.02 and 0.28±0.06.Compared with sham group and experimental group,there were statistically significant differences in the above indexes in model group(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Conclusion Lepirudine can inhibit thrombin activation in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism by activating the Notch signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of miR-758 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2,and to investigate the regulatory role of miR-758 on astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1).Methods Transient transfection of miR-758 into HepG2 cells was performed to study the effect of miR-758 on tumor cell metastasis by transwell migration and invasion experiments.CCK8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation activity.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.The effect of miR-758 on epidermal mesenchymal transition (EMT) was determined by the expression of EMT markers.Transient transfection of miR-758 into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was performed to explore the effect of miR-758 on luminal formation.AEG-1 3'UTR containing the binding site of miR-758 was constructed into luciferase expression vector.The miR-758 and the vector was co-transfected into HepG2 cells.And then the change in expression level of AEG-1 protein was detected through Western Blot.Results The overexpression of miR-758 inhibited HepG2 cell migration and invasion,as well as the cell proliferation and the cell cycle.The miR-758 was also found to inhibit EMT of HepG2 cells and the lumen formation of HUVEC cells.After the co-transfection of miR-758 with the plasmid containing AEG-1 gene 3'UTR into HepG2 cells,the luciferase expression was decreased.The luciferase expression was restored when the binding site of miR-758 in the 3'UTR was mutated.Further evidence by Western Blot showed the protein level of AEG-1 in HepG2 cells was significantly decreased after transfection of miR-758.Conclusions The miR-758 negatively regulates multiple steps during cancer metastasis,including cell migration,invasion,cell proliferation,EMT,as well as angiogenesis.And AEG-1 has been identified as a downstream target of miR-758.

Objective:To analyze and determine heavy metal content in Paridis Rhizoma from different genus and localities,in order to provide a reference for selecting cultivation areas and establishing the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma of heavy metals content. Method:Microwave digestion method combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES) method were applied to determine the contents of 6 heavy metals,i.e. As,Cu,Hg,Cd,Pb and Cr in 39 samples of Paridis Rhizoma of different genus and localities in Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis,statistical analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to compare the differences of heavy metals contents in different localities and species. Result:The contents of six heavy metals in Paridis Rhizoma met the ISO international standard of Heavy Metal Limit of Traditional Chinese Medicine-traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials. Under the limited value standard of Green Trade Standards of Importing Medicinal Plants and Preparations,the over-standard rate of heavy metal As was 15.4%,the excess rate of Cd was 5.1%,and the excess rate of Pb was 2.6%. The contents of Cu and Hg conformed to relevant requirements. Cluster analysis,statistical analysis and principal component analysis showed that for the same variety,differences in producing places had significant effects on heavy metal content,while differences in species had little effects. Conclusion:The results of this study indicated that the heavy metal content of Paris planted in and around Dali basically conformed to relevant standards. The differences of heavy metal content in Paris were mainly regional differences,which provided a theoretical basis for standardizing the cultivation of medicinal materials and formulating the limit standards of heavy metals for Paridis Rhizoma.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and patterns of factors such as victims' information, injury tools and time of occurrence of intentional injury cases in southwest China. Methods One thousand three hundred and forty intentional injury cases from several places in southwest China from 2014 to 2016 assessed as minor injury level Ⅱ and above had been randomly selected. Data on victims' information, motives, injury tools, sites of occurrence, time of occurrence, injured parts and degrees of injury were classified and gathered, and then association analyses of motives and types of injury tools as well as degrees of injury and injury tools were made. Results Most of the victims were young adults between 20-50 years （65.2%）, male （82.3%）, rural household registration （62.8%）; the motives were mainly dispute （45.8%）. Injury tools were mostly blunt （54.6%） or sharp （36.0%）. Specifically, injuries were mostly made bare-handed （36.9%） and by cutting tools （33.2%）; the cases mainly occurred in public areas （59.0%）. Cases occurred more frequently in January （11.3%）, February （13.1%）, March （11.6%） and from 22：00 to 01：00 every night. Injuries mainly involved the craniofacial region. The wounds were mainly assessed as minor injury level Ⅱ （61.6%）. There was statistical significance in the difference of types of injury tools among cases with different motives （P<0.05）. There was statistical significance in the difference of the distribution of injury tools among cases with different degrees of injury （P<0.05）. Conclusion The occurrence of intentional injury cases in southwest China has potential patterns and relevant influencing factors. Prevention and analysis of such cases need to be comprehensively considered from the aspects such as victims' information, injury tools and time of occurrence.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motivation ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Violence ; Wounds and Injuries/etiology* ; Young Adult