Objective To detect and analyze the expression of ER and PR in endometrial benign and malignant tumor,and to study its correlation of ER and PR with the establishment and development of endometrial carcinoma.Methods The expressions of ER and PR were examined by immunohistochemical method in 58 eases of endometrial carcinoma,37 cases of atypism endometrial hyperplasia,25 cases of simple endometrial carcinoma.and 25 eases of normal endometrium.Results The expressions of ER and PR were higher in normal endometrium,atypism endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma.They were lower in endometrial carcinoma than in atypism endometrial hyperplasia,both were higher than that in normal endometrium(P＜0.05).The rates of expression in ER and PR increased gradually from histological grade Ⅰ,Ⅱto Ⅲ.The expressions of ER and PR in histological grade Ⅰ were significantly different from that in histologic grade Ⅲ(P＜0.05).There were no correlation between expressions and ages,which expression rates less than 50 years were higher than those above 50 years.Its expression W88 not related to different clinic grade(P＞0.10).Conclusion The expressions of ER and PR increased gradually from normal endometrium,atypism endometrial hyperplasia to endometrial carcinoma.ER and PR expressions were obviously related to histologic degree.It maybe related to establishment and development of endometrial carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the density of langerhan cell(Lc) and Tcell (Tc) and the histological classification, biological behavior and prognosis of esophageal carcinoma.Methods The immunohistochemical (ABC) method with S-100 and CD3 staining was used in samples ofprimary esophageal cancer in 249 cases for quantitative analysis. All cases were followed up for more than7 years. We observed the morphology,number and distribution of langerhan cell (Lc) and T cell (Tc) indifferent portionof the tumor mass. Results Lc positive expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasma. To positiveexpressed in cytomembrane. The number of Lc in cancer nest had positive correlation with malignantdegree of tumor, infiltration depth and metastasis of lymph node, and had negative correlation with thesurvival period. On the contrary, the number of To and Lc in peritumor interstitial tissue had negativecorrelation with the survival period. Conclusion The distribution density of Lc and Tc in cancer nest andperitumor interstitial tissue might be used as an immunological parameter for assessment of the prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intervention effect and mechanism of compound Ginkgo biloba (CGB) preparations on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

METHODThe C57BL/6 mouse NAFLD model was induced with high fat diets. Since the 2nd week after modeling, the mice were orally administered with 600 and 200 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) CGB for eight weeks. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHOL) and LPS in serum, as well as pathological changes and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in hepatic tissues were observed. Changes in intestinal tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1 in intestinal tissues were determined under microscopy.

RESULTCompared with the normal group, the model group showed obvious fatty degeneration in rat livers, with notable increase in TNF-alpha expression (P < 0.01), significant increases in ALT, AST, TG, CHOL and LPS in serum (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), injury in intestinal tight junction proteins, and remarkable declines in ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, CGB high and low dose groups showed obvious relieves in fatty degeneration in rat livers and injury in intestinal tight junction proteins, significant reductions in TNF-alpha expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and AST, TG, CHOL and LPS in serum (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) and remarkable increases in ZO-1 and Occludin expressions (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCGB can protect intestinal tight junction proteins, reduce intestinal leakage, relieve fatty degeneration and inflammations in livers and prevent NAFLD occurrence and development.

Alanine Transaminase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Triglycerides ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Mudan Granule (MD) on the glucose metabolism and beta cell function in monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced obese mice with insulin resistance (IR).

METHODSMSG obese mice were induced by subcutaneous injecting MSG (4 g/kg for 7 successive days in neonatal ICR mice). Forty MSG mice with IR features were recruited and divided into four groups according to body weight, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and the percentage of blood glucose decreased within 40 min in the IR test, i.e., the model group (Con), the low dose MD group, the high dose MD group, and the Metformin group (Met). Besides, another 10 ICR mice were recruited as the normal control group (Nor). The water solvent of 2.5 g/kg MD or 5 g/kg MD was respectively administered to mice in the low dose MD group and the high dose MD group. Metformin hydrochloride was given to mice in the Met group at 0.2 g/kg body weight. Equal dose solvent distilled water was administered to mice in the Nor group and the Con group by gastrogavage, once per day. All medication was lasted for 15 weeks. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed after 6 weeks of treatment. Beta cell function was assessed by hyperglycemic clamp technique. The morphological changes in the pancreas were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Changes of iNOS, NF-kappaB p65, and p-NF-kappaB p65 in the pancreas were tested.

RESULTSCompared with the Nor group, the blood glucose level, AUC, and fasting blood insulin, ONOO-contents, iNOS activities, and the expression of iNOS, NF-kappaB p65 subunit, pNF-kappaB p65 subunit obviously increased; decreased percentage of blood glucose within 40 min in ITT, glucose infusion rate (GIR), Clamp 1 min insulin, and Max-Insulin obviously decreased in the Con group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the Con group, the aforesaid indices could be improved in the Met group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In the low dose MD group, AUC, iNOS activities, and the expression of iNOS and p-NF-kappaB p65 subunit obviously decreased; percentage of blood glucose within 40 min in ITT and GIR obviously increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In the high dose MD group, AUC, ONOO-contents, iNOS activities, and the expression of iNOS, NF-kappaB p65 subunit, and p-NF-KB p65 subunit obviously decreased; percentage of blood glucose within 40 min in ITT, Max-Insulin, and GIR obviously increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMD could significantly improve IR and functional disorder of 3 cells in MSG obese mice, which might be associated with lowering inflammatory reaction in the pancreas.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Pancreas ; cytology ; drug effects ; Sodium Glutamate

Objective To observe the effects of electrical acupuncture for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (DO) caused by spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Twenty SCI patients with DO were included in this study. There were 18 males and 2 females;age ranged from 17 to 58 years. Patients were given electro-acupuncture treatment at the bilateral S3 foramen at the lateral position during the vidio-urodynamic investigation when the detrusor of the patients began to contract.The different intensities of electrical stimulation were used when the DO appeared during cystometry and the most effective intensity to inhibit DO was determined. Then, the bladder was emptied and the stimulation with selected intensity was used at the beginning of cystometry. The changes of parameters in the urodynamics, the urinary incontinence times per day and the pad used per day were recorded. The acute effects were observed. Ten days were set as one course and after 3 courses and 9 courses the patients underwent urodynamic test again. The long-term effects were observed.Results After treatment, the urinary incontinence times per day and the pad used per day decreased obviously (P<0. 05). The bladder capacity increased significantly and the maximum intravesical pressure decreased significantly. There were 3 patients having the long terms treatment. Conclusions The Chinese electro-acupuncture at S3 foramen in the SCI patients with DO is demonstrated effective. After the treatment bladder capacity could increase and the times of the urinary incontinence per week decrease.

Objective To assess the abstracts on randomized controlled trials ( RCT) in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) published in Chinese and their influencing factors.Methods RCT in NSCLC published in Chinese were included according to the CONSORT statement and their influencing factors were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 soft-ware.Results The titles were identified as random, randomization, blinding, statistical method, recruited partici-pants, trial registry and fund-supported, respectively, in 20%of the 2677 abstracts included in this study.Con-clusion The titles are identified as random, randomization, blinding, statistical method, recruited participants, trial registry and fund-supported in RCT published in Chinese.Although the abstracts are improved after the publication of CONSORT, they need to be further brushed up.

Theacrine is one kind of natural purine alkaloids, which mainly exists in an unusual Chinese tea known as Kucha. It shows various biological activities, such as anti-depression, sedative and hypnotic effects and anti-inflammatory and analgesic activi-ties. The study on theacrine dates back to a few decades ago. According to the references published in recent years, the resource, preparation, characterization and pharmacological effects of theacrine were reviewed, and its application prospect was also explored.

To explore the feasibility and accuracy for evaluating mitral regurgitation (MR) severity with MR jet volume (MRvol) by means of general imaging three-dimensional quantification (GI3DQ). Methods: A total of 93 MR patients were divided into 2 groups: Central MR group, n=41 and Eccentric MR group, n=52. According to real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) examined planimetry of effective regurgitation orifice area (EROA), the patients were graded into mild MR, moderate MR and severe MR. MRvol was directly measured by GI3DQ. Results: In Central MR group, ROC analysis showed that as GI3DQ measured MRvol>16.2 ml, AUC=0.93, P<0.0001, the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing mild MR and moderate MR were 96.0% and 70.0%respectively; as MRvol>44.5 ml, AUC=0.96, P<0.0001, the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing moderate MR and severe MR were 97.6% and 91.7% respectively. In Eccentric MR group, as MRvol>14.2 ml, AUC=0.77, P=0.0243, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating mild MR and moderate MR were 91.8% and 62.5% respectively; as MRvol>40.5 ml, AUC=0.83, P<0.0001, the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating moderate MR and severe MR were 82.3% and 77.9% respectively. Conclusion: Taking RT3DE examined EROA as reference, GI3DQ directly measured MRvol could more accurately assess MR severity especially in patients with central MR, it may distinguish moderate MR and severe MR with the higher sensitivity and specificity.

Objective To examine self-reported symptoms by the patients receiving cancer therapy, and find out the symptoms that should be coped with and managed during the treatment. Methods A pilot study was conducted on self-reported symptoms on 185 patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for different cancers. The Therapy-Related Symptoms Checklist (TRSC) was used. Results Severe symptoms on the TRSC subscales: loss of appetite,feeling sluggish, weight loss, nausea and hair loss, were reported by the patients. The frequently reported symptoms by those on chemotherapy were nausea, feeling sluggish, weight loss, vomiting, and taste change. The frequently reported symptoms by those on radiotherapy were feeling sluggish, weight loss, loss of appetite, difficult sleeping, and changing taste. The symptoms of loss of appetite, feeling sluggish, weight loss, hair loss, and nausea were both frequently reported by those on radiotherapy and those on chemotherapy. Conclusion Symptom monitoring may be facilitated by TRSC, based on the severity and frequency of reported symptoms, more patients and caregivers could know which symptoms should be preferential interventions.

Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of mitral regurgitation jet volume(MRvol) in the quantification of mitral regurgitation severity by general imaging three-dimensional quantification (GI3DQ) using the guideline recommended 2D integrative method as a reference.Methods Ninety-three patients with MR were divided into central MR group(n =41) and eccentric MR group(n =52).The American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)-recommended 2D integrative method was used as a reference for MR grading and MRvol was directly measured by GI3DQ method.Results In central MR,as assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis,the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.87(P <0.0001), and MRvol by GI3DQ at a cutoff value of 16.2 ml yielded 96.2% of sensitivity and 63.6% of specificity to differentiate mild from moderate MR;the AUC was 0.98(P < 0.0001),and a cutoff value of 47.8 ml yielded 98.6% of sensitivity and 96.2% of specificity to differentiate moderate from severe MR. In eccentric MR,the AUC was 0.76(P =0.086),and MRvol at a cutoff value of 14.8 ml yielded 90.9% of sensitivity and 60.0% of specificity to differentiate mild from moderate MR;the AUC was 0.84(P <0.0001) and a cutoff value of 40.7 ml yielded 80.0% of sensitivity and 79.7% of specificity to differentiate moderate from severe MR.Conclusions MRvol measured directly by GI3DQ could more exactly evaluate MR severity,and have better sensitivity and specificity to differentiate moderate from severe MR in central MR.