Objective To develop a promising type of radiation dosimeter based on doped hydroxyapatite,and to study the stability of dosimetric characteristics indepth.Methods The samples prepared by stereotyping techniques were stored under different temperatures,humidity and illumination conditions after 60Co γ-ray irradiation.Electron spin resonance (ESR) technique was used to quantitatively measure the radiation-induced free radical signal.Results The signal change was less than 3% when the dosimeter was preserved at 4℃ or room temperature within 3 months in the experiment.At 40℃,the signal changed by about 13%,but at room temperature with the humidity less than 36%,the signal changed less than 2%.The change rose to about 8% when humidity was 76%.However,no significant decay of signal strength occurred at relatively high temperatures and under high humidity conditions.When the samples were stored under average illumination of 1600 lux or in a light-resistant container,the signal changes were less than 3.8% or 3.4% respectively.Long-term stability inspection at room temperature suggested a signal change within 4.8%.Conclusion The dosimetric properties of the material don't change significantly below room temperature in a natural environment and exhibit good stability over long-term storage.The free radical signal is not influenced drastically by relatively strong light exposure.However,a high temperature or a highly humid environment may have some effect on the measurement process,which should be taken into consideration in further applications.

OBJECTIVETo determine the reason of thrombocytopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis, we studied the relationship among platelet counts, serum thrombopoietin (TPO) level and spleen index.

METHODSSerum TPO, platelet counts and spleen index were measured in 71 cirrhotic patients. TPO was measured with ELISA method, spleen index were measured on ultrasonography by the same doctor.

RESULTSPlatelet counts in patients with cirrhosis were lower than that of healthy group [(109.20+/-53.39) vs (169.63+/-26.60) x 10(12)/L, P<0.05]. Serum thrombopoietin level in patients with cirrhosis was similar to that of healthy group [(436.42+/-258.97) vs (412.63+/-132.80) pg/ml, P>0.05]. However, serum thrombopoietin level decreased as liver disease aggravated, [(526.13+/-317.44) pg/ml in Child-Pugh grade A, (445.22+/-214.90) pg/ml in grade B and (311.45+/-182.66) pg/ml in grade C, grade A vs. Grade C, P<0.05]. However, decline in platelet counts was accompanied with incline in spleen index coordinately. 35 of 71 cirrhotic patients had normal platelet counts whereas 36 of them had thrombocytopenia. Thrombopoietin levels were higher in non-thrombocytopenia group than in thrombocytopenia group [(529.43+/-282.64) vs. (351.27+/-228.25)pg/ml, P<0.01]; but spleen index of two groups showed no difference [(29.65+/-12.00) vs. (36.35+/-12.68) cm2, P>0.05]. Correlation was found between thrombopoietin level and platelet counts (r=0.252, P=0.025); no correlation was found between spleen index and platelet counts (r=-0.238, P=0.062).

CONCLUSIONThe decline serum TPO levels might play an important role for thrombocytopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Count ; Portal Vein ; pathology ; Spleen ; pathology ; Thrombopoietin ; blood

OBJECTIVETo determine which expression mode of prothrombin time (PT) might achieve PT standardization in patients with advanced liver diseases.

METHODSPT was measured with six thromboplastins with different ISI values in 16 severe chronic hepatitis patients, 50 decompensated liver cirrhosis patients and 30 patients on oral anticoagulation therapy. The results were expressed in PT (second), PTA (%), PTR and INR.

RESULTSIn chronic hepatitis patients, the means of the six group's PTAs ranged from 24% to 34%, while their upper limits ranged from 47% to 61%. The means of the INRs ranged from 2.55 to 5.13, while their upper limits ranged from 4.65 to 12.77. Through one-way ANOVA of repeated measures, PPTA (0.489) was > PINR (0.120). In patients with liver cirrhosis, the means of the PTA in six groups ranged from 50% to 59%, while their upper limits ranged from 82% to 90%. The means of the INR ranged from 1.40 to 1.80, while their upper limits ranged from 1.97 to 3.69. Through one-way ANOVA of repeated measures, PPTA (0.102) was > PINR (0.01). In patients on oral coagulation therapy, the means of PTA ranged from 26% to 37%, while their upper limits ranged from 39% to 49%. The means of INR ranged from 2.35 to 2.66, while their upper limits ranged from 3.16 to 4.26. Through one-way ANOVA of repeated measures, PPTA (0.01) was less than PINR (0.102). The correlation between the results detected by Neoplastine and by other reagents were analyzed. They correlated well with each other when PTA was used as the expression mode of PT in patients with advanced liver disease. But in patients on oral anticoagulation therapy, when only the INR was used as the expression mode of PT, the correlation was well with each other.

CONCLUSIONThe use of INR provides inadequate standardization. Only when the PT is expressed in PTA, then it may provide a standardization mode in patients with advanced liver diseases.

Female ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; International Normalized Ratio ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; Liver Failure ; blood ; Male ; Prothrombin Time ; standards ; Reference Standards

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; analysis ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prothrombin Time ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) in cervical cancer screening program and to provide evidence for designing a cervical cancer screening algorithm in high risk areas of existing low-resource settings to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer.

METHODSWomen in Yangcheng county, Shanxi province were screened with VILI, colposcopy, liquid-based cytology test and human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA test. The efficacy of different screening tests was compared by Youden's index based on the pathology as the gold standard.

RESULTSIn the population being screened, the mean age was 40.80 +/- 10.75 years old. Based on pathological findings, 4.35% (32/735) of the subjects had >or= CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) II. The sensitivity and specificity for the VILI test (>or= positive) were 53.13 and 82.19, while 56.25 and 79.09 were for colposcopy (>or= low grade dysplasia) respectively. Comparing by the Youden's indexs, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between VILI and colposcopy. However, statistical significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between VILI and liquid-based cytology test and HPV DNA test. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) found between the experienced doctors and the newly-trained doctors working in the field station.

CONCLUSIONWith low sensitivity when using microscope but low cost of equipments, VILI can be one of the primary screening tests in China's rural area with low-resource settings if the screening frequency is to be increased.

Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; economics ; methods ; Female ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iodides ; Program Evaluation ; Rural Health ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

Objective To investigate the feasibility and technique of using the anterolateral thigh perforator flap pedicled with the lateral branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LBLCFA) to repair soft tissue defect of extremities.Methods Eighty-six cases of anterolateral thigh perforator flap transplantation were performed from May,2014 to May,2018.A total of 37 cases of soft tissue defect of extremities were treated by anterolateral thigh perforator flap used the LBLCFA as vascular pedicle,of which there were 19 cases of upper limbs and 18 of lower limbs.There were 27 cases of defects caused by trauma,and 10 by soft tissue tumor resection.The flaps were designed centering around the point proximal to the midpoint of the iliac-patellar line.The dimensions of soft tissue defect were from 9.0 cm×6.0 cm to 26.0 cm×10.0 cm,and the flap were from 10.0 cm×7.0 cm to 27.0 cm×11.0 cm.The length of vascular pedicle ranged of 7.0-13.0 cm,with an average of 11.5 cm.The donor sites were directly sutured.All of the patients were followed-up regularly in the outpatient department.Results All the flaps survived and the donor sites were primarily healed.Of these 37 cases,2 trauma patients and 2 patients treated with local radiotherapy had poor wound healing,but still healed after multiple dressing changes.All the patients were followed-up for 3-26 months,with an average of 13 months.The texture,color and elasticity of the flap were similar to the surrounding tissue of the recipient sites,while only a linear scar remained at the donor sites.Ten tumor patients were treated with routine radiotherapy and chemotherapy after the repairation;there was no tumor recurrence during the follow-up period.Conclusion The LBLCFA gives off a relatively large and thick perforator proximal 5.0-7.0 cm of the iliacpatellar line,which locates in the upper lateral side,travels parallel to the vastus lateralis,and give off the skin and muscular perforators.The lateral branch can be used as pedicle to make into perforator flap or chimeric flap,which provides a novel selection of vascular pedicel for anterolateral thigh perforator flap.When the descending branch does not provide a thick and large perforator,the LBLCFA has important practical value and is worth utilizing in the clinic.

Objective:To compair the outcomes of repairing soft tissue defects of hand between a biodegrad- able repair patch—porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and skin grafting.Methods:From December, 2017 to December, 2018, 36 cases of hand soft tissue defect were treated and analyzed retrospectively. According to the defect area and treatment methods, 36 cases were divided into 2 groups: SIS group (21 cases) and grafting group(15 cases). In SIS group, the area of soft tissue defects was 2.0 cm×1.5 cm-9.0 cm×3.5 cm with an average of 5.3 cm×2.1 cm, treat- ed with SIS; In grafting group, the area of soft tissue defects was 9.0 cm×4.0 cm-16.0 cm×9.0 cm with an average of 12.0 cm×8.5 cm, treated with autologous skin grafting after wet dressing. Wound healing was evaluated at 14, 21 and 28 days, and 3 months after the surgery according to the appearance of colour, elasticity, sensory recovery and prog- noses of partial tendon exposure.Results:All patients were followed-up for 3 to 10 months, with an average of 5 months. All wounds in both groups were completely healed; the appearance was normal, and the skin elasticity and sensation had recovered. Sensation recovery in SIS group: 14 cases were good (66.6%), 5 cases were fine (23.8%), and 2 cases were bad (9.6%); in grafting group: 9 cases were good (60.0%), 4 cases were fine (26.0%), and 2 cases were bad (14.0% ). Wound healing effect in SIS group: 14 cases were good, 5 cases were fine, and 2 cases were bad; in grafting group: 9 cases were good, 4 cases were fine, and 2 cases were bad.Conclusion:The SIS patch can be used in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects in hand. There was no significant difference in colour compared to the sur- rounding skin and left no scar. The patch is an ideal repair material for superficial skin defects.

Objective:To observe the relationship between inducible carbon monoxide synthase (iNOS) and delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP), and explore its mechanism of action in DEACMP.Methods:This study was designed as prospective cohort study. Patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning who met the diagnostic criteria and were admitted to Emergency Intensive Care Unit(EICU) of our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected as subjects. Patients were divided into the DEACMP group and non-DEACMP group according to the occurrence of DEACMP. Serum samples were collected on the first 24 h after admission and on day 7 and 14 after admission, and the serum nitric oxide (NO), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible carbon monoxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The generalized estimating equation was used to estimate the difference of NO, nNOS, iNOS and eNOS between DEACMP and non-DEACMP patients.Results:A total of 78 patients with carbon monoxide poisoning were included in our study finally, including 49 (62.82%) males and 29 (37.18%) females, with an average age of (53.96±14.95) years, 20 (25.64%) patients with DEACMP, and 1 (1.28%) death. Univariate analysis showed that patients with DEACMP had an average increase of 3 h (95% CI: 1.00, 5.00) in carbon monoxide exposure time and a 5-point decrease in GCS score (95% CI: 1.00, 6.00) than the patients without DEACMP, and the proportion of patients with severe carbon monoxide poisoning in the DEACMP group was higher than that of the non-DEACMP group (90.00% vs. 32.76%). According to the analysis of generalized estimation equation, on day 7 and 14 after admission, Compared with non-DEACMP patients, neither by performing unadjusted nor adjusted analysis with the iNOS of DEACMP patients was significantly higher than that in non-DEACMP patients regardless of whether exposure time, GCS score, coma time or severity of carbon monoxide poisoning were adjusted or not ( P <0.01 or P <0.05). Except for the level of nNOS in the GEE model adjusted with carbon monoxide exposure time, the levels of NO, nNOS and eNOS showed no significant difference between DEACMP and non-DEACMP patients ( P >0.05). Conclusions:The expression of iNOS level is increased in DEACMP patients, and its continuous expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of DEACMP.

OBJECTIVETo establish molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for studying the epidemiologic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foodstuff in Guangdong province and to build up PFGE typing database of Listeria monocytogenes isolates for identifying the infectious resource of the outbreaks and other epidemiologic investigation.

METHODS"Standardized Protocol for Molecular Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes by PFGE" was followed. BioNumerics software was applied on image analysis, database establishment, comparative and corresponding analysis.

RESULTS107 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were typed by PFGE, 41 PFGE types were observed among the isolates. The PFGE types were dispersive among these isolates. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were most frequently isolated in raw chicken while the most PFGE types were found in this type of food. The positive rate was relatively high in cold and iced foods. Only 1-2 DNA fragment difference occurred in 26 Listeria monocytogenes isolates by PFGE, so high degree of relatedness remained among these isolates. There were unique PFGE patterns in the regions of Shaoguan and Huizhou. From time to time, a number of isolates remained close relationship.

CONCLUSIONPFGE typing of the 107 Guangdong Listeria monocytogenes isolates demonstrated relative genetic diversity but a number of the isolates showed close relatedness.

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; methods ; Food Microbiology ; Genetic Variation ; genetics ; Genotype ; Listeria monocytogenes ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Phylogeny

57 rubella virus strains were isolated using Vero cell line or Vero/SLAM cell line from patients' throat swabs during rubella outbreaks and sporadics in 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007. Fragments of 1107 nucleotides of E1 genes of the isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, the PCR products were directly sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis based on 739 nucleotides showed that out of 57 Chinese rubella virus strains, 55 belong to a distinguish branch of 1E genotype when comparing with 1E genotype rubella strains from other countries, and the other 2 Chinese rubella virus strains belong to 2B genotype. Most of the nucleotide mutations of 57 rubella viruses were silent mutations, and the amino acid sequences were highly conserved. Except one amino acid change (Thr212 --> Ser212) in two rubella viruses at the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization epitopes, there had no change found at the important antigenic epitope sites of the other rubella viruses. 1E genotype rubella viruses isolated from 10 provinces of China from 2003 to 2007, and two imported 2B genotype rubella viruses from Vietnam suggested that 1E genotype was the predominant genotype in this period of time. The rubella virus genotypes circulated during 2003 to 2007 were different from that circulating during 1979 to 1984 and 1999 to 2002, the rubella prevailed in recent years was mainly caused by 1E genotype rubella viruses with multi-transmission routes.
Genotype ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Rubella virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Time Factors