MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act by binding to complementary sites on target messenger RNA (mRNA) to induce mRNA degradation and/or translational repression. To investigate the influence of miRNAs at transcript levels, two human miRNAs (miR-1 and miR-124) were transfected into HeLa cells and microarrays used to examine changes in the mRNA profile showed that many genes were downregulated and that the fold decreases in levels of these target mRNAs differed remarkably. Features depicting interactions between miRNAs and their respective target mRNAs, such as the number of putative binding sites, the strength of complementary matches and the degree of stabilization of the binding duplex, were extracted and analyzed. It was found that, for a given target mRNA, both the quality and quantity of miRNA binding sites significantly affected its degree of destabilization. To delineate these types of interactions, a simple statistical model was proposed, which considers the combined effects of both the quality and quantity of miRNA binding sites on the degradation levels of target mRNAs. The analysis provides insights into how any animal miRNA might interact with its target mRNA. It will help us in designing more accurate methods for predicting miRNA targets and should improve understanding of the origins of miRNAs.

Silent cerebral infarction is widely exist in the elderly population.It is considered to be the early clinical stage of symptomatic stroke and cognitive impairment.The incidences of silent cerebral infarction are higher in patients with atrial fibrillation and after atrial fibrillation ablation.It is not clear whether anticoagulant therapy can prevent silent cerebral infarction and improve cognitive function in patients with atrial fibrillation.This article reviews the hot issues related to silent cerebral infarction and atrial fibrillation.

Objective To investigate the expression level of miR-133b in cancer tissues of patients with prostate cancer and its effect on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.Methods The total RNAs in resected prostate cancer tissues and adjacent tissues from 30 patients with prostate cancer were extracted and reversely transcripted into cDNA,and then the expression levels of miR-133b were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.The correlations between the expression levels of miR-133b and the patients' clinicopathological features were analyzed.The expression of positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 16 (PRDM16) and proliferation of PC-3 cells transfected with miR-133b mimics by LipofectamineTM 3000 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and the CCK8 method,respectively.Results The expression levels of miR-133b in prostate cancer tissues [(16.85 ± 0.94) × 10-4] was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues [(22.95 ± 1.567) × 10-4,t =3.335,P ＜ 0.01].The expression levels of PRDM16 in PC-3 cells transfected with miR-133b mimics were significantly lower than that in the control group (0.371 ±0.031 vs 1.000 ±0.022,t =12.53,P ＜ 0.01).The proliferation ability of PC3 cells transfected with miR-133b mimics for 72 hours was significantly lower than that in the control group (t =6.811,P ＜ 0.01).Similarly,the proliferation ability of PC-3 cells transfected with PRDM16 inhibitor for 72 hours was also significantly lower than that in the control group (t =9.048,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The expression levels of miR-133b in prostate cancer tissues are significantly down-regulated,which regulate the proliferation of prostate cancer cells possibly through PRDM16.

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) act by binding to complementary sites on target messenger RNA(mRNA) to induce mRNA degradation and/or translational repression.To investigate the influence of miRNAs at transcript levels,two human miRNAs(miR-1 and miR-124) were transfected into HeLa cells and microarrays used to examine changes in the mRNA profile showed that many genes were downregulated and that the fold decreases in levels of these target mRNAs differed remarkably.Features depicting interactions between miRNAs and their respective target mRNAs,such as the number of putative binding sites,the strength of complementary matches and the degree of stabilization of the binding duplex,were extracted and analyzed.It was found that,for a given target mRNA,both the quality and quantity of miRNA binding sites significantly affected its degree of destabilization.To delineate these types of interactions,a simple statistical model was proposed,which considers the combined effects of both the quality and quantity of miRNA binding sites on the degradation levels of target mRNAs.The analysis provides insights into how any animal miRNA might interact with its target mRNA.It will help us in designing more accurate methods for predicting miRNA targets and should improve understanding of the origins of miRNAs.

12 patients with inconsistent growth of twins were involved.The acoustic features were analyzed,inclu-ding 2D and Doppler images.The differential diagnosis was verified during follow-up exam in some patients.8 cases were diagnosed with sIUGR by ultrasonography,meanwhile 3 were diagnosed with TTTS.The rest 1 case could not be etiologically diagnosed due to the bad image conditions.We can differentiate the two diseases by evaluating the umbilical cord insertion,the amiotic fluid and the hemodynamics of the other twin.Ultrasonography is helpful in the differential diagnosis for TTTS and sIUGR.

The sex difference in stroke is increasingly receiving attention. The incidence and prevalence of stroke in males are higher than in females. There are greater differences both among the age groups and populations. The incidences of cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage in males are higher than females, while the incidence of subarachnoidal hemorrhage is even higher in females. Studies have shown that mortality of stroke in males is higher; however,because the females are older and have more serious symptoms at the onset of stroke, therefore their prognosis is poorer. Poststroke depression is common in females and their quality of life is lower. Stroke in females is mostly involved in cerebral cortex; their atypical symptoms are more common. Both males and females can benefit from thrombolytic and stroke unit therapies. Females with cardioembolic stroke may benefit more from anticoagulant therapy.

Adenocarcinoma of exocrine pancreas is a highly malignant tumor with extremely low resectability.Radiotherapy,by inducing necrosis and apoptosis of tumor cells through irradiation effects on cellular DNA,in combination with chemotherapy,has made great contribution to multimodal treatment of this malignancy.The development of radiation therapy for pancreatic carcinoma in recent years was reviewed in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings,and for locally advanced disease.Further evidence is required to show the impact of radiochemotherapy in the treatment of unresectable disease.

Objective To study the changes of system immune and intestinal immune in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to obesity. Methods Ninty male SD rats were divided into control, high-sucrose and high-fat diet groups. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models were established by feeding with high-sucrose diet or high-fat diet and were killed at the 4th,8th and 12th weeks with 10 each for each group. The extent of liver steatosis was observed with HE staining.Portal blood endotoxin level was assessed by limulus test. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lymphocytes in Peyer's patches (PP) were calculated by flowcytometry. Results In comparison with control group, the endotoxin level was not elevated from the 4th week to 12th week in high-sucrose diet group, (all P values＞0.05), but was increased in high-fat diet group at the 8th week (P＜0.05). CD4/CD8 ratio in PBMC was higher in high-sucrose and higt-fat diet groups than that in control group at the 4th week (P＜0. 05) ,but was lower than that in control group at the 8th and 12th weeks (P＜0. 05). Whereas the variation of CD4/CD8 ratio in PP was consisted with that in PBMC between the high-sucrose and high-fat diet groups at the 4 th and 8 th weeks, but there was no difference when compared with control group at the 12 th week (P＞0.05).Conclusion Obesity can inhibit systematic immune and intestinal immune. The intestinal immune may be regulated by the liver.

Objective To observe the effect of montelukast on bronchial asthma and influence on the immune state , in order to provide support for the treatment of montelukast.Methods 92 patients with bronchial asthma in our hospital from December 2014 to January 2016 were selected in the study and randomLy divided into two group.The control group was treated with the conventional therapy of bronchial dilation and glucocorticoid inhalation , and on this basis, the treatment group was loaded with montelukast, 10 mg/times, one times of one day, and the course of treatment was one months.Then the frequency of acute attack of asthma and the number of beta receptor agonist were before and after treatment were recorded , and the lung function the level of T lymphocyte subsets and the levels of inflammatory cytokines before treatment and after treatment were detected , and the difference between the two groups was compared.Results After treatment, t the frequency of acute attack of asthma of day and night and the number of beta receptor agonist of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group, the FEV1%, FVC% and PEF% of the treatment group were significantly higher than the control group, the level of CD8 + was significantly lower than the control group, the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + was higher than the control group; the levels of IL-2, INF-γwere higher than the control group, while the levels of IL-4, IL-8 were lower than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The montelukast has certain regulation effect on imbalance of CD4 +/CD8 +and Th1/Th2 in children with bronchial asthma, and have a good effect on the prevention of asthma.

Objective To detect a quantitative relation between reaction time of substance P (SP) and histamine release of mast cells (MC) in hypertrophic scar (HS) and discuss the interaction and time-effect of substance P and histamine release in HS. Methods The HS specimens were from the 4 to 7-year-old scalded or burnt patients who underwent operation because of cicatricial contraction. The normal skins were the autograft. HS specimens were cut into 0.5-1 mm 3, then treated with 5?10 -5 mol/L SP for 5, 15, 30, 60 min. The degranulation of MC was detected and the histamine released by mast cells in the supernate after SP treatment was examined by immunofluorescence. Conclusion SP and MC are of a close relationship in HS, and SP can affect histamine release of mast cell in time-dependent manner.