Complications are always likely to occur in the treatment of fractures. Once fracture-related complications occur,their management will be difficuh,resulting in a long handling process that increases physical and financial pain on the patients.Fea- turing“management of fracture-related complications”,this issue intends to draw attention from orthopaedists to the challenging task of prophylaxis and treatment of such problems in clinic.Not only non-union,malunion,heterotopic ossification,bone necrosis but also such systemic complications as deep vain thrombosis,soft tissue infection and necrosis are discussed.They involve long tubular bones,pelvic,proximal femur,tibial plateau and calcaneum.Authors introduce their experience from their clinical practice which can benefit readers a lot.It is well known that an effective prevention is the best treatment.In treatment of fractures,principles must be strictly followed and preventive measures taken throughout the whole process.Once a complication has been detected,therapy should be individualized 1o gain the best outcome.

Animals ; Chlorine Compounds ; toxicity ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Lung ; drug effects ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics

This study aimed to investigate the reconstruction of the thumb and finger extension function in patients with middle and lower trunk root avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus.From April 2010 to January 2015,we enrolled in this study 4 patients diagnosed with middle and lower trunk root avulsion injuries of the brachial plexus via imaging tests,electrophysiological examinations,and clinical confirmation.Muscular branches of the radial nerve,which innervate the supinator in the forearm,were transposed to the posterior interosseous nerve to reconstruct the thumb and finger extension function.Electrophysiological findings and muscle strength of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor digitorum communis,as well as the distance between the thumb tip and index finger tip,were monitored.All patients were followed up for 24 to 30 months,with an average of 27.5 months.Motor unit potentials (MUP) of the extensor digitorum communis appeared at an average of 3.8 months,while MUP of the extensor pollicis longus appeared at an average of 7 months.Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) appeared at an average of 9 months in the extensor digitorum communis,and 12 months in the extensor pollicis longus.Furthermore,the muscle strength of the extensor pollicis longus and extensor digitorum communis both reached grade Ⅲ at 21 months.Lastly,the average distance between the thumb tip and index finger tip was 8.8 cm at 21 months.In conclusion,for patients with middle and lower trunk injuries of the brachial plexus,transposition of the muscular branches of the radial nerve innervating the supinator to the posterior interosseous nerve for the reconstruction of thumb and finger extension function is practicable and feasible.

Adult ; Fractures, Bone ; complications ; Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries

OBJECTIVETo illustrate the effects of several physiochemical factors on cell growth and isoflavone accumulation of Pueraria lobata cell suspension cultures.

METHODHigh performance liquid chromatography and plant tissue culture were applied.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONCell growth and isoflavone accumulation were significantly stimulated in P. lobata cell suspension cultures by the increase of the sucrose concentration. Maintaining the pH value at the range over 5. 4 to 5. 8 was most suitable for isoflavone accumulation in P. lobata cell suspension cultures. Cell dried weight and isoflavone accumulation decreased sharply with the increase of the treated concentration of active carbon, while XAD-4 significantly stimulated cell growth and isoflavone accumulation.

Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Charcoal ; pharmacology ; Culture Media ; Culture Techniques ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Isoflavones ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; cytology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Polystyrenes ; Polyvinyls ; Pueraria ; cytology ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Sucrose ; pharmacology

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Tibial Fractures ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expressions of acetylcholine (ACh) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the lungs of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and explore the mechanism of EA in treating COPD.Methods:Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group,a COPD group,and an EA group,with 10 rats in each group.The control group was a group of normal rats.The COPD rat model was induced by cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).The COPD rats were treated with EA at bilateral Feishu (BL 13) and Zusanli (ST 36) in the EA group,30 min each time,once a day,successively for 14 d.The lung function was tested.The contents of ACh and MUC5AC in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between pulmonary function and the content of MUC5AC in lungs.The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in lung tissues were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB),respectively.The immune response of MUC5AC was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results:Eight rats were left in each group,and the other two died.Compared with the control group,the total airway resistance (Raw) increased significantly and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) decreased significantly in the COPD group (P＜0.01);compared with the COPD group,the Raw level declined significantly and Cdyn increased significantly in the EA group (P＜0.01).The contents of ACh and MUC5AC in the lungs and BALF were remarkably higher in the COPD group compared with those in the control group (P＜0.01,P＜0.001);compared with the COPD group,the contents of ACh and MUC5AC were significantly lower in the EA group (P＜0.05,P＜0.001).There was a negative correlation between MUC5AC content and lung function (P＜0.001).The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in the lungs were significantly higher in the COPD group than in the control group (P＜0.001);compared with the COPD group,the expressions were significantly lower in the EA group (P＜0.01).Compared with the control group,the immune response of MUC5AC in the airway epithelium significantly increased in the COPD group (P＜0.001);the immune response of MUC5AC was significantly lower in the EA group compared with that in the COPD group (P＜0.001).Conclusion:EA treatment can improve the lung function of COPD rats,which may be related to its effect in the down-regulation of ACh and MUC5AC contents in the lungs as well as the inhibition of mucus hypersecretion.

PURPOSE: Five members of the zinc finger of the cerebellum (ZIC) family—ZIC1, ZIC2, ZIC3, ZIC4, and ZIC5—have been shown to be involved in various carcinomas. Here, we aimed to explore the clinicopathologic and prognostic roles of ZIC family members in invasive breast cancer patients using immunohistochemical analysis, western blotting analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). METHODS: A total of 241 female invasive breast cancer patients who underwent radical mastectomy between 2009 and 2011 were enrolled. ZIC proteins in 241 pairs of breast tumors and corresponding normal tissues were investigated using immunohistochemistry and the clinicopathologic roles of proteins were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were also used to analyze the prognostic value of the ZIC proteins. In addition, 12 pairs of fresh-frozen breast tumors and matched normal tissues were used in the western blotting analysis and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Only ZIC1 expression in normal tissues was obviously higher than that in tumors (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, ZIC1 expression (in overall survival analysis: hazard ratio [HR], 0.405, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.233–0.702, p=0.001; in disease-free survival analysis: HR, 0.395, 95% CI, 0.234–0.669, p=0.001) was identified as a prognostic indicator of invasive breast cancer. CONCLUSION: ZIC1, but not the other proteins, was obviously decreased in breast tumors and associated with clinicopathologic factors. Thus, ZIC1 might be a novel indicator to predict the overall and disease-free survival of invasive breast cancer patients.
Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cerebellum* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pathology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prognosis ; Zinc Fingers* ; Zinc*

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in patients with previous fertilization failure after conventional IVF.

METHODSData from 20 ICSI cases (22 ICSI cycles) with previous complete failure of fertilization or with fertilization rate < or = 20% between January 2002 and December 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The control group consisted of 100 consecutive ICSI cycles for male factor infertility in the same period.

RESULTSThe fertilization rate dramatically increased from 5.4% after conventional IVF to 76.9% after ICSI treatment (chi-squared = 264.66, P < 0.001). However, the fertilization rate in the subgroup with previous low fertilization was significantly lower than those in the control and in the subgroup without previous fertilization (67.9% vs 77.5%, 67.9% vs 84.2%). Compared with the control group, the subgroup without previous fertilization had a higher pregnancy rate and implantation rate, but only the difference in the implantation rate was statistically significant (40.5% vs 18.9%).

CONCLUSIONICSI can overcome previous fertilization failure with conventional in vitro fertilization and thus improve the clinical outcome.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; therapy ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Treatment Failure

OBJECTIVETo investigate how F261S mutation identified from Chinese obese patients affects the function of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and to analyze the obesity-related phenotypes in subjects carrying the F261S mutation.

METHODSF261S mutant of MC4R was generated by site-directed mutagenesis. Plasmids encoding wild-type or F261S mutant of MC4R were transfected into HEK293 and COS-7 cells to examine their functional characteristics. Signaling properties of F261S MC4R were assessed by measuring intracellular cAMP levels in response to alpha-MSH stimulation. Cell surface expression of F261S MC4R was compared with that of wild-type MC4R. Clinical examinations were performed in subjects carrying F261S mutation and in non-mutated controls.

RESULTSThe alpha-MSH-stimulated reporter gene activity was significantly reduced in cells expressing F261S MC4R, with a maximal response equal to 57% of wild-type MC4R. The F261S mutation also led to a significant change in the Es50 value compared with the wild-type receptor (P<0.01). Immunofluorescent assay revealed a marked reduction in plasma membrane localization of the MC4R in cells expressing the F261S mutant receptor. The resting metabolic rate and fat composition of the mutant carriers were not significantly different from those of the non-mutated obese controls.

CONCLUSIONSThe decreased response to alpha-MSH due to the intracellular retention of MC4R may cause early-onset obesity in the F261S pedigree of Chinese.

Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aged ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Child ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; metabolism ; Pedigree ; Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 ; genetics ; metabolism