OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of time-concentration of bisphenol A (BPA) in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after single oral BPA administration.

METHODSA total of 66 specific pathogen free (SPF) SD male rats were divided into 10 experimental groups and control group (n = 6). The experimental group rats were treated with BPA of 300 mg/kg by oral gavage and blood samples were taken from one group at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 60, 84 h time point after oral administration, respectively. The serum BPA concentration was determined by fluorescence-high performance liquid chromatography (FL-HPLC) analysis.

RESULTSAfter oral administration of 300 mg/kg, the total serum BPA concentration of 17.13 microg/ml was the highest in rats at 1 h, then decreased, but it increased to 15.18 microg/ml again at 24 h, then gradually decreased to 0.51 microg/ml at 84 h. The level of serum free BPA was lower than that of total serum BPA after oral administration, the serum free BPA was 0.57 microg/ml at 0.5 h after oral administration. The serum free BPA level decreased to 0.06 microg/ml at 1 h, 0.03 microg/ml at 4 h, 0.01 microg/ml at 36 h after oral administration. The free BPA was only 4.15% (0.57/13.73) in total BPA in serum at 0.5 h after oral administration of 300 mg/kg BPA.

CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that conjugated BPA was the main metabolite of BPA in rat serum after single oral administration. Enterohepatic circulation of BPA glucuronide in rats may results in two peak levels of total BPA in serum.

Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Male ; Phenols ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serum ; metabolism ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influences of verapamil preconditioning on cardiac function in vitro and intracellular free Ca2+ and L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) in rat cardiomyocytes post ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

METHODSThe isolated rat hearts in control group (37 degrees C Tyrode solution perfusion for 30 min, n = 6), I/R group (no flow for 30 min followed 30 min reperfusion with 37 degrees C Tyrode solution, n = 7) and verapamil preconditioning group [37 degrees C Tyrode solution perfusion for 10 min, adding verapamil (20 micromol/L) to Tyrode solution and perfusion for another 30 min, followed then by 30 min no flow and 30 min reperfusion, n = 7] using Langendorff perfusion system. The fluorescence intensity of intracellular Ca2+ was detected with Fluo-3/AM loading by the laser scanning confocal microscope. The I(Ca-L) was recorded via whole-cell patch clamp technique in enzymatically dissociated single rat ventricular myocytes.

RESULTSAs expected, arrhythmias and cardiac dysfunction were shown post I/R injury. The fluorescence intensities of intracellular free Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes were significantly increased compared with control group (P < 0.01). By voltage clamp protocol, peak current densities of I(Ca-L) was significantly reduced and I-V curve significantly elevated. Post I/R injury compared with control group (P < 0.01) which could be reversed by Verapamil preconditioning. Verapamil preconditioning also significantly improved diastolic and systolic functions, and reduced the incidence of arrhythmias.

CONCLUSIONSMyocardial I/R injury might significantly impair heart functions and induce arrhythmias via cellular Ca2+ overload. Verapamil preconditioning could prevent heart I/R injury and reduce arrhythmias by decreasing influx of I(Ca-L), thereby stabilizing cardiomyocytes in myocardial stunning and avoiding occurrence of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release during I/R injury.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; drug effects ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; methods ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Verapamil ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo analyze the degrees on the epidemic foci of Angiostronglus cantonensis and to explore the measurement methods.

METHODSSnails (Pila gigas) were collected from the spots of Wenzhou, Cangnan, Yongjia, Yueqing in Zhejiang province and Minhou, Changle, Ningde in Fujian province. The snails were examined microscopically in order to calculate their infection rates and the average worm number in the positive snails, then taking the product of multiplication of both values as infestation index.

RESULTSThe infection rates of the epidemic foci were 10.59% (9/85), 60.74% (181/298), 34.96% (79/226), 32.90% (76/231), 57.50% (184/320), 40.00% (82/205), 17.65% (12/68) and the rates of infectivity were 6.57, 183.54, 121.73, 93.45, 276.36, 76.08, 12.65, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe epidemic foci were divided into five ranks (super, high, mid-range, low and non-epidemic foci) according to the value of infestation index which ranked from > 75, 30-75, 5-29, < 5 to 0.

Angiostrongylus ; pathogenicity ; Animals ; China ; Disease Outbreaks ; Snails ; parasitology ; Strongylida Infections ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Valeriana officinalis var latifolia(VOL) on expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in hypercholesterolemic rats and study its possible mechanisms.

METHODDietary-induced hypercholesterolemia was induced in male Wistar rats by given 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid diet for 16 weeks. Changes of serum lipid, urinary albumin, renal function and Mesangial matrix index were assessed. Moreover, immunohistochemical stain for TGF-beta 1 and type IV collagen were performed.

RESULTVOL could reduce the serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, urinary albumin and serum creatinine. Light microscopy and immunohistochemical stain revealed that in the same time of lowing serum lipid, Mesangial matrix index was significantly reduced, accompanied by decreased expression of TGF-beta 1 and type IV collagen.

CONCLUSIONVOL has the protective effect on lipid-induced nephropathy, and the inhibition of TGF-beta 1 expression might be the mechanism of VOL on renal protection.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Hypercholesterolemia ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; metabolism ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Valerian ; chemistry

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expressions of acetylcholine (ACh) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the lungs of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and explore the mechanism of EA in treating COPD.Methods:Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group,a COPD group,and an EA group,with 10 rats in each group.The control group was a group of normal rats.The COPD rat model was induced by cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).The COPD rats were treated with EA at bilateral Feishu (BL 13) and Zusanli (ST 36) in the EA group,30 min each time,once a day,successively for 14 d.The lung function was tested.The contents of ACh and MUC5AC in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between pulmonary function and the content of MUC5AC in lungs.The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in lung tissues were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB),respectively.The immune response of MUC5AC was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results:Eight rats were left in each group,and the other two died.Compared with the control group,the total airway resistance (Raw) increased significantly and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) decreased significantly in the COPD group (P＜0.01);compared with the COPD group,the Raw level declined significantly and Cdyn increased significantly in the EA group (P＜0.01).The contents of ACh and MUC5AC in the lungs and BALF were remarkably higher in the COPD group compared with those in the control group (P＜0.01,P＜0.001);compared with the COPD group,the contents of ACh and MUC5AC were significantly lower in the EA group (P＜0.05,P＜0.001).There was a negative correlation between MUC5AC content and lung function (P＜0.001).The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in the lungs were significantly higher in the COPD group than in the control group (P＜0.001);compared with the COPD group,the expressions were significantly lower in the EA group (P＜0.01).Compared with the control group,the immune response of MUC5AC in the airway epithelium significantly increased in the COPD group (P＜0.001);the immune response of MUC5AC was significantly lower in the EA group compared with that in the COPD group (P＜0.001).Conclusion:EA treatment can improve the lung function of COPD rats,which may be related to its effect in the down-regulation of ACh and MUC5AC contents in the lungs as well as the inhibition of mucus hypersecretion.

Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is expressed in numerous types of tumors and is suggested to have prognostic value. Moreover, because of its strong affinity for albumin, and hence albumin-bound drugs, SPARC has increasingly become a focus for research. In this study, we aimed to determine SPARC expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and investigate the association of SPARC with disease prognosis. Tissue microarrays were constructed with specimens from 105 patients with NSCLC treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed on these tissue microarrays to assess SPARC expression. Our results showed that SPARC expression status did not significantly relate with age, gender, and tumor stage. However, SPARC was expressed more frequently in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma (75% vs. 43.5%, P = 0.004). Patients with smoking history had higher SPARC expression than non-smokers (68.2% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.002). In both univariate and multivariate analyses, SPARC was a prognostic factor of overall survival (HR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16-0.65) but not disease-free survival. Our study indicates that SPARC expression is higher in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma in NSCLC. Most notably, SPARC can be used as a prognostic factor for NSCLC.
Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Osteonectin ; metabolism ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Smoking ; Survival Rate

Gemcitabine has high activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The level of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) expression is closely related to the efficacy of gemcitabine on non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. However, the expression of RRM1 and its association with sensitivity to gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in advanced NPC is not known. In this study, we retrospectively collected 48 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NPC tissues to evaluate the expression of RRM1 using immunohistochemistry. All patients were diagnosed and treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. RRM1 expression was positive in 17(35%) patients. RRM1 expression was not associated with sex, age, performance status, WHO histological type, number of distant metastases, previous treatment, or cycles of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy(P> 0.05). The progression-free survival of the RRM1-positive group was shorter than that of the RRM1-negative group (5 months vs. 7 months, P = 0.036), and the response rate of the RRM1-positive group was somewhat lower than that of the RRM1-negative group (51.6% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.278). There was no significant difference in median survival between the RRM1-positive and RRM1-negative groups (22 months vs. 19 months, P = 0.540). Our results show that RRM1-negative expression is related with longer progression-free survival in advanced NPC patients treated with gemcitabine-based regimens.
Adult ; Aged ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Deoxycytidine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism of the different levels of serum bisphenol A (BPA) between rat and mouse after oral administration.

METHODSA total of 18 specific pathogen free (SPF) male rats and 18 mice were treated with 300 mg/kg BPA by oral administration, blood samples were taken from rats and mice after BPA administration at 0.5, 1.0, 12.0 h time points (n = 6 at each point). Serum BPA levels were quantified using fluorescence-high performance liquid chromatography (FL-HPLC) analysis. The rats and mice (n = 6, respectively) were perfused with 100 ml of 0.1 mmol/L BPA by intestinal absorption in situ, then the BPA levels of perfusion fluid at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 h time points and serum at 2.0 h after BPA perfusion were determined by FL-HPLC analysis. The levels of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B1 (UGT2B1) mRNA expression in the liver of rats and mice were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and UGT2B1 enzymatic activity was determined by FL-HPLC method. The rats and mice (n = 6, respectively) were treated with 300 mg/kg BPA by oral administration after fasting 24 h, the feces were collected during 24 h and the levels of BPA in feces were determined by FL-HPLC analysis.

RESULTSAt 0.5, 1.0, 12.0 h after oral administration at 300 mg/kg BPA, the levels of serum BPA in mice ((66.57 ± 14.95), (51.16 ± 16.06), (22.73 ± 5.00) µg/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than in rats ((15.63 ± 5.65), (18.34 ± 5.02), (7.65 ± 2.58) µg/ml, respectively) (F values were 50.660, 17.957, 8.420, respectively, P < 0.05), the rates of absorption in mice small intestine during 0 h-, 0.5 h-, 1.0 - 2.0 h ((10.20 ± 4.20), (1.49 ± 0.67), (1.31 ± 0.55) µg × cm(-2) × min(-1), respectively) were higher than that in rats ((1.87 ± 0.69), (0.47 ± 0.13), (0.36 ± 0.08) µg × cm(-2) × min(-1), respectively) (F values were 14.954, 8.877, 11.536, respectively, P < 0.05), the serum BPA levels in mice ((22.64 ± 4.35) µg/ml) were significantly higher than in rats ((4.13 ± 0.83) µg/ml) after 2 h perfusion with 0.1 mmol/L BPA (F = 74.643, P = 0.000), the levels of UGT2B1 mRNA expression and enzymatic activity in the rats liver were obviously higher than in the mice liver. After oral administration at 300 mg/kg BPA, the feces BPA levels of rats ((1.50 ± 0.32) mg/g) were significantly higher than that of the mice ((0.57 ± 0.35) mg/g) (F = 21.215, P = 0.001) during 24 h.

CONCLUSIONThe serum BPA level of mouse is significantly higher than the rat after oral administration at 300 mg/kg BPA, which may be caused by BPA high absorption rate of mouse small intestine and strong ability of BPA glucuronidation and excretion of the rat.

Animals ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Intestinal Absorption ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; metabolism ; Phenols ; blood ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the potential usefulness of a multivariable model in predicting the response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in patients with aplastic anemia (AA), and its application to the clinical practice.

METHODSPB T cells subpopulation and BM T cells intracellular IFN-gamma and IL-4 were serially analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) before and during treatment. HLA-DRB1 * 1501 phenotype was analyzed by PCR-SSP. The predictive potentials of different parameter combinations for clinical responsiveness were statistically assessed.

RESULTSIn all evaluated parameters, CD8+ cell intracellular IFN-gamma had the relatively best diagnostic value with sensitivity and specificity of 94.3% and 62.5%, and positive and negative predictive value of 84.6% and 83.3% respectively. Positive CD8+ cell intracellular IFN-gamma plus Tc1/Tc2 < 50 could increase the positive predictive value to 92.3%. A multivariable model consisting of absolute neutrophil count (ANC), BM T cell intracellular IFN-gamma, Tc1/Tc2 ratio and HLA-DRB * 1501 phenotype of the patients was finally established.

CONCLUSIONThe multivariable model is superior to each of the single parameters in terms of predictive power of IST therapeutic outcome, and its higher accuracy and the clinical application make it potentially useful in practice.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anemia, Aplastic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Child ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; HLA-DR Antigens ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo establish the intrauterine growth curves of neonates in Shenzhen, China and to investigate the intrauterine growth of neonates in Shenzhen.

METHODSCross-sectional cluster sampling was performed for an on-the-spot investigation of 16 887 neonates (9 418 males and 7 469 females) with a gestational age of 27-42 weeks who were born in two hospitals in Shenzhen from April 2013 to September 2015. The Lambda Mu Sigma (LMS) method was used for the curve fitting of body weight, body length, head circumference, chest circumference, and crown-rump length.

RESULTSThe 3rd-97th percentile intrauterine growth curves for body weight, body length, head circumference, chest circumference, and crown-rump length were plotted for the neonates with a gestational age of 27-42 weeks who were divided into three groups (male, female, and mixed). The male neonates had significantly higher curves for the five indices than the female counterparts. The pattern and changing trend of body weight curves of these neonates were basically consistent with those in China Neonatal Network.

CONCLUSIONSThe percentile intrauterine growth curves for body weight, body length, head circumference, chest circumference, and crown-rump length in neonates with a gestational age of 27-42 weeks in Shenzhen which has been established can provide a reference for clinical practice in the department of neonatology.

Body Height ; Body Weight ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Crown-Rump Length ; Female ; Fetal Development ; physiology ; Gestational Age ; Head ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Thorax ; anatomy & histology