OBJECTIVE:To investigate the content of total sugar and polysaccharide in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its processed product in order to study the effect of different processing method on the content of total sugar and polysaccharide.METHODS:UV spectrophotometer was adopted to determine absorbance after the sulfuric acid-phenol coloration.The detection wavelength was set at 491 nm.RESULTS:The descending order of the content of total sugar and polysaccharide in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and its processed product were as follow:prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei(steaming),prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei(processing with wine),Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with wine,prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with vinegar and charred Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.CONCLUSION:The content of total sugar and polysaccharide in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei processed with different processing method were strikingly different from that of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei.The content of total sugar and polysaccharide in prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei were increased significantly while that of prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with wine,prepared Radix et Rhizoma Rhei with vinegar and charred Radix et Rhizoma Rhei were decreased to some extent.

Unlike conventional radiation therapy, stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is an emerging tumor-ablative radiation technology with a high-dose delivery to targets while dramatically sparing adjacent normal tissues. The strengths of SRT involve noninvasive and short-course treatment, high rates of tumor local control with a low risk of side effects. Although the scientific concepts of radiobiology fail to be totally understood currently, SRT has shown its potential and advantages against various tumors, especially for those adjacent to less tolerable normal organs (spinal cord, optic nerve, bowels, etc.). Nowadays, the clinical efficacy of SRT has been widely confirmed in certain patients, especially for those medically inoperable, unwilling to undergo surgery, medicine ineffective with tumor progression. Moreover, SRT could be properly used as palliative treatment aiming at relieving local symptoms and pain, and eventually achieving a potential survival benefit of several months. However, the weaknesses of SRT relate to inevitable radiation-induced toxicities as well as the inaccessibility of prophylactic irradiation. In general, one flaw cannot obscure the splendor of the jade. The emergence and development of SRT has opened the new era of precision radiation therapy, and SRT will probably step gloriously onto the remarkable stage for precision medicine.
Humans ; Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Precision Medicine ; Radiosurgery

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine and nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation assisted in tooth extraction in elderly outpatients.Methods Sixty elderly patients who need tooth extraction were divided into two groups,with 30 patients in each group.The groupⅠwas treated with nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation,and the groupⅡwas treated with intranasal dexmedetomidine and nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation.Recording those signs basis val-ue(T0 ),during the injection(T1 ),during the extraction(T2 ),10 min after extraction(T3 ):vital signs,Ramsay sedation score,anxie-ty score,VAS pain score and patients′degree of satisfaction.Results In groupⅡ,patients′degree of satisfaction were significantly higher than groupⅠ(P<0.05)after operation.The VAS pain scores and anxiety scores of groupⅡwere significantly lower than groupⅠ in T1 and T2 (P<0.05).In T2 ,group Ⅱ had lower heart rates (P<0.05).In T2 ,Ramsay score of group Ⅱ was higher than group Ⅰ(P<0.01).Conclusion Intranasal dexmedetomidine and nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation can be a safe and effective anesthetic method in tooth extraction of elderly patients.

Objective To evaluate the comprehensive experiment in fundamental nursing by using the indicator system and analyze the teaching effect.Methods 450 nursing graduates of grade 2011 were divided into 56 groups and comprehensive experiments were graded by using the indicator system in each group.Results The four indexes in level one scored (18.08±1.50),(19.99±2.31),(28.18±3.35),(18.16±1.73) points and accounted for 90％ 、80％ 、81％、91％ respectively.The total points' scorings and proportions were (84.41±5.84) points and 84％ respectively.Some deficiencies were found to be improved during evaluation.Conclusions Nursing comprehensive experiment evaluation indicator system can assess comprehensive experiments well,and the related competencies of nursing graduates need to be improved.

Objective To ascertain serum inflammatory markers could be modified following treatment of periodontal disease in elderly patients. Methods The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (AL), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. And then fifty-two elderly periodontitis patients underwent a standard phase of non-surgical periodontitis treatment (consisting of oral hygiene instructions and subgingival scaling and root planning). After three and six months, PD, AL, CRP and IL-6 were determined again and compared to the baseline. Results Six months after treatment, significant reductions in PD [(5.9±1.1) mm vs. (6.8±1.0) mm, P＜0.05], AL [(1.3±0.9) mm vs.(8.4±1.1) mm, P＜0.05], CRP [(1.5±0.2) mg/L vs. (2.0±0.3) mg/L, P＜0.01] and IL-6 [(1.6±0.5) ng/L vs. (1.9±0.4) ng/L, P＜0.05] were observed. Conclusions Treatment of chronic periodontitis can decrease the levels of serum inflammatory markers in elderly patients.

Objective:Surgery intervention and its effect on pregnancy heart disease were explored. Meth-ods:Retrospective review of 34 cases of pregnancy heart disease who needed surgery intervention from Jan, 2000 to Dec,2007 was done. Results:17 patients had percutaneous balloon mitral valve (PBMV) dilatation, the area of mitral valve enlarged markedly postoperatively ( P <0.01 ). 9 patients had open chest surgery un-der extracorpory circulation,7 of them had re-replacement mechanical valve due to mechanical valve throm-bosis. One patient had left atrium mucomamectomy. One patient had Wad's sinus breakout and repairmen. 5 patients had Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for supraventricular tachycardia. 3 patients had int-racardiac device (ICD) for Ⅲ grade atrioventicular block. 22 patients had cardiac function as grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ and postoperatively recovered to grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ . All 34 patients were alive after treatment, 23 fetus were alive (67.6%), and no adverse results were found during the follow-up. Conclusions:When patients who had pregnancy heart disease need surgery intervention, individualized treatment plan should be made by multidis-cipline experienced doctors according to different heart disease and cardiac function.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of various surface treatments with different water bath time and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to the feldspathic porcelain surfaces.Methods:Four surface conditioned methods were applied on 128 disc-shaped porcelain specimens.Metal or ceramic brackets were bonded onto each treated porcelain disc with light-cured resin.The samples were randomly assigned and bathed in 37 ℃ water 1 day or 7 days respectively,and thermocycled 500 times from 5 ℃ to 55 ℃.The shearing strengths were measured and bond failure sites were classified according to the adhesive remnant index system.The treated porcelain surfaces were examined with scanning electronic microscopy.Results:Almost the same effects of the four conditionings on the two types of brackets were obtained.All groups achieved adequate bond strengths to withstand the application of orthodontic forces.Conclusion:The optimal method for orthodontic brackets bonding to feldspathic porcelain is to apply orthophosphoric acid combined with silane.

Based on the realistic circumstances at home and successful experiences from abroad,this paper holds the idea to introduce medical liability insurance into medical market to relieve the currently tense physician-patient conflict and analyzes the role and function of medical liability insurance.Meanwhile,some problems and countermeasures are also explained in the functioning process of medical liability insurance.

Objective To explore the feasibility and a dv antages of video-assisted minimally invasive thyroidectomy by using the ultrason ic scalpel. Methods A total of 14 patients underwent cervical mini-incision video-assisted minimally invasive partial or subtotal thyroidectom y by using the ultrasonic scalpel. Results All the operations were successfully completed, without conversions to open surgery. The operation time was 30~70 min (mean, 45 min). Postoperative pathological findings showed no dular goiter. All the patients recovered uneventfully, without wound infection o r subcutaneous effusion. The cervical incision was 2.5 cm or so in length. Follo w-up for 3~17 months revealed barely visible scars in the 14 patients. Conclusions Miccoli thyroidectomy is simple to perform and offers excel lent cosmetic results.

Objective: To observe the change of blood cell,marker of vascular endothelium and lung of rabbits during experimental severe decompression sickness(DCS) and to compare each parameter between survival group and dead group.Methods: 14 rabbits were put into the chamber.They stayed for 35mins under 0.55 MPa,and another 35 mins under 0.7 MPa,then decompressed to 0.1 MPa in 4 minutes.Samples were drew before the compression and after decompression for testing count of white blood cell(WBC),neutrophilic leukocyte,lymphocyte and platelet(PLT) and the concentration of ET-1 and the vWF.The tissue of lung of all the rabbits was observed under light and electron microscope.The changes of above parameters of survival rabbits were compared with that of the dead.Results: After rapid decompression,there were 8 rabbits died within 30 minutes,while the other 6 rabbits survived without any symptom of decompression sickness after 24 hours observation.Before the compression,the total count of WBC of dead rabbits was?(11.13?2.37)?10~(9)/L,which was higher the that of survival rabbits,(8.87?2.11)?10~(9)/L.After decompression,the decrease of PLT of dead group,(273?(63)?)10~(9)/L,was more than that of survival group,(148?63)?10~(9)/L.Ttissuedamage of lungs of both dead and survived rabbits was observed as partial alveoli collapse,interstitial edema,local emphysema,various emboli in microcirculation and thickening of respiratory membrane.The damage of lung of dead rabbits was much worse than that of the survival.Conclusion:Experimental DCS induced the increasing of circulation tension,WBC obturation,various emboli,thickening of respiratory membrane,consumption of surface active substance in the body of rabbits.Those rabbits who reacted too severe and had bad compensation ability would die,on the contrary,those rabbits who had a good compensation could survive.